經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專有名詞中英對(duì)照

1、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專有名詞Aaccounting: 會(huì)計(jì)accounting cost :會(huì)計(jì)成本accounting profit :會(huì)計(jì)利潤(rùn)adverse selection :逆向選擇allocation配置allocation of resources :資源配置allocative efficiency :配置效率antitrust legislation :反托拉斯法arc elasticity :弧彈性Arrows impossibility theorem :阿羅不可能定理Assumption :假設(shè)asymetric information :非對(duì)稱性信息average : 平均aver

2、age cost :平均成本average cost pricing :平均成本定價(jià)法average fixed cost :平均固定成本average product of capital :資本平均產(chǎn)量average product of labour :勞動(dòng)平均產(chǎn)量- 1 - / 42average revenue :平均收益average total cost :平均總成本average variable cost :平均可變成本- 2 - / 42Bbarriers to entry :進(jìn)入壁壘base year :基年bilateral monopoly :雙邊壟斷benefit

3、:收益black market :黑市bliss point :極樂(lè)點(diǎn)boundary point :邊界點(diǎn)break even point :收支相抵點(diǎn)budget :預(yù)算budget constraint :預(yù)算約束budget line :預(yù)算線budget set預(yù)算集3 / 42Ccapital :資本capital stock :資本存量capital output ratio :資本產(chǎn)出比率capitalism :資本主義cardinal utility theory :基數(shù)效用論cartel :卡特爾ceteris puribusassumption :其他條“件不變 ”的假設(shè)

4、ceteris puribus demand curve :其他因素不變的需求曲線Chamberlin model :張伯倫模型change in demand :需求變化change in quantity demanded :需求量變化change in quantity supplied :供給量變化change in supply :供給變化choice : 選擇closed set :閉集4 / 42Coase theorem :科斯定理Cobb Douglas production function :柯布 - 道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)cobweb model :蛛網(wǎng)模型collectiv

5、e bargaining :集體協(xié)議工資collusion : 合謀command economy :指令經(jīng)濟(jì)commodity :商品commodity combination :商品組合commodity market :商品市場(chǎng)commodity space :商品空間common property :公用財(cái)產(chǎn)comparative static analysis :比較靜態(tài)分析compensated budget line :補(bǔ)償預(yù)算線compensated demand function :補(bǔ)償需求函數(shù)compensation principles :補(bǔ)償原則compensating

6、 variation in income :收入補(bǔ)償變量competition :競(jìng)爭(zhēng)competitive market :競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性市場(chǎng)complement goods :互補(bǔ)品complete information :完全信息5 / 42completeness :完備性condition for efficiency in exchange :交換的最優(yōu)條件condition for efficiency in production :生產(chǎn)的最優(yōu)條件concave : 凹concave function :凹函數(shù)concave preference :凹偏好consistence :一致

7、性constant cost industry :成本不變產(chǎn)業(yè)constant returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變constraints :約束consumer : 消費(fèi)者consumer behavior :消費(fèi)者行為consumer choice :消費(fèi)者選擇consumer equilibrium :消費(fèi)者均衡consumer optimization :消費(fèi)者優(yōu)化consumer preference :消費(fèi)者偏好consumer surplus :消費(fèi)者剩余consumer theory :消費(fèi)者理論consumption :消費(fèi)consumption bundle :

8、消費(fèi)束6 / 42consumption combination :消費(fèi)組合consumption possibility curve :消費(fèi)可能曲線consumption possibility frontier :消費(fèi)可能性前沿consumption set :消費(fèi)集consumption space :消費(fèi)空間continuity :連續(xù)性continuous function :連續(xù)函數(shù)contract curve :契約曲線convex : 凸convex function :凸函數(shù)convex preference :凸偏好convex set :凸集corporatlon :公司

9、cost : 成本cost benefit analysis :成本收益分cost function :成本函數(shù)cost minimization :成本極小化Cournot equilihrium :古諾均衡Cournot model :古諾模型Cross price elasticity :交叉價(jià)格彈性7 / 42Ddead weights loss :重負(fù)損失decreasing cost industry :成本遞減產(chǎn)業(yè)decreasing returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞減deduction :演繹法demand : 需求demand curve :需求曲線demand

10、 elasticity :需求彈性demand function :需求函數(shù)demand price :需求價(jià)格demand schedule :需求表depreciation :折舊derivative :導(dǎo)數(shù)derive demand :派生需求difference equation :差分方程differential equation :微分方程differentiated good :差異商品differentiated oligoply :差異寡頭diminishing marginal substitution :邊際替代率遞減diminishing marginal return

11、 :收益遞減8 / 42diminishing marginal utility :邊際效用遞減direct approach :直接法direct taxes :直接稅discounting :貼稅、折扣diseconomies of scale :規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì)disequilibrium :非均衡distribution :分配division of labour :勞動(dòng)分工distribution theory of marginal productivity :邊際生產(chǎn)率分配論duoupoly : 雙頭壟斷、雙寡duality :對(duì)偶durable goods :耐用品dynamic a

12、nalysis :動(dòng)態(tài)分析dynamic models :動(dòng)態(tài)模型9 / 42EEconomic agents :經(jīng)濟(jì)行為者economic cost :經(jīng)濟(jì)成本economic efficiency :經(jīng)濟(jì)效率economic goods :經(jīng)濟(jì)物品economic man : 經(jīng)濟(jì)人economic mode :經(jīng)濟(jì)模型economic profit :經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)economic region of production :生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域economic regulation :經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)economic rent :經(jīng)濟(jì)租金exchange : 交換economics : 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)exchan

13、ge efficiency :交換效率economy : 經(jīng)濟(jì)exchange contract curve :交換契約曲線economy of scale :規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)Edgeworth box diagram :埃奇沃思圖exclusion : 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve :埃奇沃思契約線10 / 42Edgeworth model :埃奇沃思模型efficiency :效率，效益efficiency parameter :效率參數(shù)elasticity :彈性elasticity of substitution :替代彈性endogenous variab

14、le :內(nèi)生變量endowment :稟賦endowment of resources :資源稟賦Engel curve :恩格爾曲線entrepreneur :企業(yè)家entrepreneurship :企業(yè)家才能entry barriers :進(jìn)入壁壘entry/exit decision :進(jìn)出決策envolope curve :包絡(luò)線equilibrium :均衡equilibrium condition :均衡條件equilibrium price :均衡價(jià)格equilibrium quantity :均衡產(chǎn)量eqity : 公平equivalent variation in inco

15、me :收入等價(jià)變量excess capacity theorem :過(guò)度生產(chǎn)能力定理11 / 42excess supply :過(guò)度供給exchange : 交換exchange contract curve :交換契約曲線exclusion : 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle :排他性原則existence :存在性existence of general equilibrium :總體均衡的存在性exogenous variables :外生變量expansion paths :擴(kuò)展徑expectation :期望expected utility :期望效用expe

16、cted value :期望值expenditure :支出explicit cost :顯性成本external benefit :外部收益external cost :外部成本external economy :外部經(jīng)濟(jì)external diseconomy :外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)externalities :外部性12 / 42FFactor :要素factor demand :要素需求factor market :要素市場(chǎng)factors of production :生產(chǎn)要素factor substitution :要素替代factor supply :要素供給fallacy of compos

17、ition :合成謬誤final goods :最終產(chǎn)品firm : 企業(yè)firms demand curve for labor 企:業(yè)勞動(dòng)需求曲線firm supply curve :企業(yè)供給曲線first-degree price discrimination :第一級(jí)價(jià)格歧視firstorder condition :一階條件fixed costs :固定成本fixed input :固定投入fixed proportions production function :固定比例的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)flow : 流量fluctuation :波動(dòng)for whom to produce :為誰(shuí)生產(chǎn)1

18、3 / 42free entry :自由進(jìn)入free goods :自由品，免費(fèi)品free mobility of resources :資源自由流動(dòng)free rider :搭便車(chē)，免費(fèi)搭車(chē)function :函數(shù)future value :未來(lái)值14 / 42Ggame theory :對(duì)策論、博弈論general equilibrium :總體均衡general goods :一般商品Giffen goods :吉芬晶收入補(bǔ)償需求曲線Giffens Paradox :吉芬之謎Gini coefficient :吉尼系數(shù)goldenrule :黃金規(guī)則goods : 貨物government

19、 failure :政府失敗government regulation :政府調(diào)控grand utility possibility curve :總效用可能曲線grand utility possibility frontier :總效用可能前沿15 / 42Hheterogeneous product :異質(zhì)產(chǎn)品Hicks kaldor welfare criterion :?？怂挂豢柖喔＠麡?biāo)準(zhǔn)homogeneity :齊次性homogeneous demand function :齊次需求函數(shù)homogeneous product :同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品homogeneous production

20、 function :齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)horizontal summation :水平和household : 家庭how to produce :如何生產(chǎn)human capital :人力資本hypothesis :假說(shuō)16 / 42Iidentity :恒等式imperfect competion :不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)implicitcost :隱性成本income : 收入income compensated demand curve :收入補(bǔ)償需求曲線income constraint :收入約束income consumption curve :收入消費(fèi)曲線income distribution

21、 :收入分配income effect :收入效應(yīng)income elasticity of demand :需求收入彈性increasing cost industry :成本遞增產(chǎn)業(yè)increasing returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞增inefficiency :缺乏效率index number :指數(shù)indifference :無(wú)差異indifference curve :無(wú)差異曲線indifference map :無(wú)差異族indifference relation :無(wú)差異關(guān)系indifference set :無(wú)差異集17 / 42indirect approach

22、:間接法individual analysis :個(gè)量分析individual demand curve :個(gè)人需求曲線individual demand function :個(gè)人需求函數(shù)induced variable :引致變量induction :歸納法industry :產(chǎn)業(yè)industry equilibrium :產(chǎn)業(yè)均衡industry supply curve :產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線inelastic :缺乏彈性的inferior goods :劣品inflection point :拐點(diǎn)information :信息information cost :信息成本initial cond

23、ition :初始條件initial endowment :初始稟賦innovation : 創(chuàng)新input : 投入input output :投入 產(chǎn)出institution :制度institutional economics :制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)18 / 42insurance : 保險(xiǎn)intercept :截距interest :利息interest rate :利息率intermediate goods :中間產(chǎn)品internatization of externalities :外部性內(nèi)部化invention :發(fā)明inverse demand function :逆需求函數(shù)invest

24、ment :投資invisible hand :看不見(jiàn)的手isocost line :等成本線，isoprofit curve :等利潤(rùn)曲線isoquant curve :等產(chǎn)量曲線isoquant map :等產(chǎn)量族19 / 42Kkinded demand curve :彎折的需求曲線20 / 42Llabour : 勞動(dòng)labour demand :勞動(dòng)需求labour supply :勞動(dòng)供給labour theory of value :勞動(dòng)價(jià)值論labour unions :工會(huì)laissez faire :自由放任Lagrangian function :拉格朗日函數(shù)Lagran

25、gian multiplier :拉格朗乘數(shù)，land : 土地law : 法則law of demand and supply :供需法law of diminishing marginal utility :邊際效用遞減法則law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution :邊際替代率遞減法則law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution :邊際技術(shù)替代率law of increasing cost :成本遞增法則law of one price :單一價(jià)格法則leader

26、 follower model :領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者 - 跟隨者模型least cost combination of inputs :最低成本的投入組合leisure : 閑暇21 / 42Leontief production function :列昂節(jié)夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)licenses : 許可證linear demand function :線性需求函數(shù)linear homogeneity :線性齊次性linear homogeneous production function :線性齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)long run : 長(zhǎng)期long run average cost :長(zhǎng)期平均成本long run equi

27、librium :長(zhǎng)期均衡long run industry supply curve :長(zhǎng)期產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線long run marginal cost :長(zhǎng)期邊際成本long run total cost :長(zhǎng)期總成本Lorenz curve :洛倫茲曲線loss minimization :損失極小化1ump sum tax :一次性征稅luxury : 奢侈品22 / 42Mmacroeconomics :宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)marginal : 邊際的marginal benefit :邊際收益marginal cost :邊際成本marginal cost pricing :邊際成本定價(jià)marg

28、inal cost of factor :邊際要素成本marginal physical productivity :實(shí)際實(shí)物生產(chǎn)率marginal product :邊際產(chǎn)量marginal product of capital :資本的邊際產(chǎn)量marginal product of 1abour :勞動(dòng)的邊際產(chǎn)量marginal productivity :邊際生產(chǎn)率marginal rate of substitution :邊替代率marginal rate of transformation邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率marginal returns :邊際回報(bào)marginal revenue :邊際

29、收益marginal revenue product :邊際收益產(chǎn)品marginal revolution :邊際革命marginal social benefit :社會(huì)邊際收益23 / 42marginal social cost :社會(huì)邊際成本marginal utility :邊際效用marginal value products :邊際價(jià)值產(chǎn)品market :市場(chǎng)market clearance :市場(chǎng)結(jié)清，市場(chǎng)洗清market demand :市場(chǎng)需求market economy :市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)market equilibrium :市場(chǎng)均衡market failure :市場(chǎng)失敗ma

30、rket mechanism :市場(chǎng)機(jī)制market structure :市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)market separation :市場(chǎng)分割market regulation :市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)market share :市場(chǎng)份額markup pricing :加減定價(jià)法Marshallian demand function :馬歇爾需求函數(shù)maximization :極大化microeconomics :微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)minimum wage : 最低工資misallocation of resources :資源誤置mixed economy :混合經(jīng)濟(jì)24 / 42model : 模型money : 貨幣mo

31、nopolistic competition :壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)monopolistic exploitation :壟斷剝削monopoly : 壟斷，賣(mài)方壟斷monopoly equilibrium :壟斷均衡monopoly pricing :壟斷定價(jià)monopoly regulation :壟斷調(diào)控monopoly rents :壟斷租金monopsony : 買(mǎi)方壟斷25 / 42NNash equilibrium :納什均衡Natural monopoly :自然壟斷Natural resources :自然資源Necessary condition :必要條件necessities :必

32、需品net demand :凈需求nonconvex preference :非凸性偏好nonconvexity :非凸性nonexclusion :非排斥性nonlinear pricing :非線性定價(jià)nonrivalry :非對(duì)抗性nonprice competition :非價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)nonsatiation :非飽和性non-zero sum game : 非零和對(duì)策normal goods :正常品normal profit :正常利潤(rùn)normative economics :規(guī)范經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)26 / 42Oobjective function :目標(biāo)函數(shù)oligopoly : 寡頭壟斷o

33、ligopoly market :寡頭市場(chǎng)oligopoly model :寡頭模型opportunity cost :機(jī)會(huì)成本optimal choice :最佳選擇optimal consumption bundle :消費(fèi)束perfect elasticity :完全有彈性optimal resource allocation :最佳資源配置optimal scale :最佳規(guī)模optimal solution :最優(yōu)解optimization :優(yōu)化ordering of optimization(social) preference :(社會(huì) )偏好排序ordinal utility

34、 :序數(shù)效用ordinary goods :一般品output : 產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)出output elasticity :產(chǎn)出彈性output maximization產(chǎn)出極大化27 / 42Pparameter :參數(shù)Pareto criterion :帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pareto efficiency :帕累托效率Pareto improvement :帕累托改進(jìn)Pareto optimality :帕累托優(yōu)化Pareto set :帕累托集partial derivative :偏導(dǎo)數(shù)partial equilibrium :局部均衡patent : 專利pay off matrix :收益矩陣、支

35、付矩陣perceived demand curve :感覺(jué)到的需求曲線perfect competition :完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)perfect complement :完全互補(bǔ)品perfect monopoly :完全壟斷perfect price discrimination :完全價(jià)格歧視perfect substitution :完全替代品perfect inelasticity :完全無(wú)彈性perfectly elastic :完全有彈性perfectly inelastic :完全無(wú)彈性28 / 42plant size :工廠規(guī)模point elasticity :點(diǎn)彈性post Hoc

36、Fallacy :后此謬誤prediction :預(yù)測(cè)preference :偏好preference relation :偏好關(guān)系present value :現(xiàn)值price : 價(jià)格price adjustment model :價(jià)格調(diào)整模型price ceiling :最高限價(jià)price consumption curve :價(jià)格費(fèi)曲線price control :價(jià)格管制price difference :價(jià)格差別price discrimination :價(jià)格歧視price elasticity of demand :需求價(jià)格彈性price elasticity of supply

37、:供給價(jià)格彈性price floor :最低限價(jià)price maker :價(jià)格制定者price rigidity :價(jià)格剛性price seeker :價(jià)格搜求者29 / 42price taker :價(jià)格接受者price tax :從價(jià)稅private benefit :私人收益principal agent issues :委托 - 代理問(wèn)題private cost :私人成本private goods :私人用品private property :私人財(cái)產(chǎn)producer equilibrium :生產(chǎn)者均衡producer theory :生產(chǎn)者理論product :產(chǎn)品product transformation curve :產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換曲線product differentiation :產(chǎn)品差異product group :產(chǎn)品集團(tuán)production :生產(chǎn)production contract curve :生產(chǎn)契約曲線production efficiency :生產(chǎn)效率production function :生產(chǎn)函數(shù)production possibility curve :生產(chǎn)可能性曲線producti