電大本科漢語言文學(xué)《漢語專題》試題及答案小抄參考

1、漢語專題(2) 試題答案及評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) （供參考）一、（每題5分，共20分） 1漢字是什么類型的文字，依據(jù)是什么？ 漢字是表意類型的文字。因為漢字字符的性質(zhì)主要是表意字符，某些表音字符，某些記號字本來也是從表意字和表音字變化來的。所以漢字是意音文字。 2平水韻是怎樣形成的韻部系統(tǒng)？在什么時候產(chǎn)生？應(yīng)用在哪一種文體上？ “平水韻”系統(tǒng)是合并廣韻的“同用”各韻，并且另外略作調(diào)整而形成的韻部系統(tǒng)，把206韻合并為106韻。它產(chǎn)生于金代。這個系統(tǒng)主要用在近體詩的押韻，律詩、律體絕句、排律等押韻一般要遵守平水韻。 3對于疊音詞需要注意什么問題？ 對于疊音詞，需要注意以下幾點； 第一，有一部分疊音詞是單純詞，

2、兩個字只是記音，分開講沒有意義。 第二，有一部分疊音詞，用字同聯(lián)綿詞一樣，也不十分固定，一個詞往往有幾種書寫形式。 4什么是“別言”？什么是“渾言”？ “別言”、“渾言”是古代解釋詞義時用的術(shù)語。“別言”是分開講，講的是詞的個性?！皽喲浴敝v的是詞的共性。二、（注韻腳和所押的韻部錯一處扣1分，不倒扣。共4分） 5 太常引一輪秋影 辛棄疾 一輪秋影轉(zhuǎn)金波，（韻腳：波。戈韻） 飛鏡又重磨。（韻腳：磨。戈韻） 把酒問妲娥：（韻腳：娥。歌韻） 被白發(fā)，欺人奈何?。嵞_：何。歌韻） 乘風(fēng)好去， 長空萬里， 直下看山河。（韻腳：河。歌韻） 斫去桂婆娑，（韻腳：娑。歌韻） 人道是、清光更多。（韻腳：多。歌韻）

3、三、（每詞2分，說明句中義和今義1分，說明古今變化或區(qū)別字（寫出一項即可）1分。共10 分） 6中間：（句）從見面到“發(fā)病”。（今）中間。句中是兩個詞?，F(xiàn)代漢語是一個詞。 7樂府：（句）指漢代采詩的一種音樂機關(guān)。（今）指一種詩體。詞義轉(zhuǎn)移。 8媚：（句）親愛、喜愛。（今）取悅于人。情感色彩不同。 9左：（句）輔佐。（今）方位。區(qū)別字寫作“佐”。 10誣：（句）指說話夸大失實。（今）欺騙。詞義加重。四、（每個2分，說明不完整的扣1分。共10分） 11.妻：名詞活用為動詞。依據(jù)：前面有副詞“可”。 12.甲：名詞活用為動詞；穿鎧甲。依據(jù)：名詞出現(xiàn)在副詞后面，活用作動詞。 一 13.館：名詞活用為動

4、詞；駐扎。依據(jù)：名詞位于介賓結(jié)構(gòu)“于虞”前，活用作動詞。 14.貴、賤、卑、尊：形容詞活用為意動動詞。依據(jù)：名詞、形容詞出現(xiàn)在助詞“所”后面，活用作動詞。 15.高：形容詞活用為意動動詞，認(rèn)為高的。依據(jù)：形容詞出現(xiàn)在助詞“所之后，一般活用為意動動詞。五、（每詞2分。指出1分，說明類型1分。共6分） 16誰：誰：疑問句中疑問代詞賓語前置。 17是：用“之”復(fù)指前置賓語。 18.我：否定句中代詞賓語前置。六、（每詞2分。說明詞性、在句中的意義和作用各1分。共8分） 19.之：助詞，組成“之”字結(jié)構(gòu)；充當(dāng)狀語 20咸：副詞；表范圍；都。 21以：介詞；引介依據(jù)。 22是：指示代詞，復(fù)指前置賓語。七、

5、（本題共42分） 23.本文共13個給分句，每句標(biāo)點1分，翻譯1分（標(biāo)點以給分句為單位，錯一處扣一分，不倒扣。翻譯的意思對了即可給分）共26分。 原文1： （癸酉，）師陳于章。邴夏御齊侯，逢丑父為右。晉解張御克，鄭丘緩為右。齊侯日：“余姑翦滅此而朝食！”不介馬而馳之。邰克傷于矢，流血及屨，未絕鼓音。日：“余病矣！”張侯日：“自始合，而矢貫余手及肘，余折以御，左輪朱殷。豈敢言病？吾子忍之?！本徣眨骸白允己?，茍有險，余必下推車。子豈識之？然子病矣！”張侯日：“師之耳目，在吾旗鼓，進退從之。此車一人殿之，可以集事。若之何其以病敗君之大事也？擐甲執(zhí)兵，固即死也。病未及死，吾子勉之！”左并轡，右援桴而鼓

6、。馬逸不能止，師從之。齊師敗績。逐之，三周華不注。 參考譯文： 癸酉，齊晉兩國的軍隊在章擺開了陣勢。邴夏為齊侯駕車，逢丑父為車右。晉解張為部克駕車，鄭丘緩為車右。齊侯說：“我姑且消滅晉軍再吃早飯！”不給馬披上甲胄就驅(qū)馬進擊。郁克被箭射傷了，血一直流到鞋上，仍然沒有中斷鼓。說：“我受重傷了！”張侯說：“從一開始交戰(zhàn)，箭就射穿了我的手和肘，我折斷了箭繼續(xù)駕車，左邊的車輪都染紅了。哪里敢說受重傷了？您還是努力作戰(zhàn)吧！鄭丘緩說：“從一開始交戰(zhàn)，如果遇到難以通行的道路，我一定下來推車。您難道知道這些嗎？可是您受重傷了！”張侯說：“全軍士卒的耳朵都聽著我們的鼓音，眼睛都看著我們的旗幟，前進還是后退，都聽從

7、他的指揮。這輛車一個人鎮(zhèn)守它，可以成就大事。怎么能因為受了重傷而敗壞國君的大事呢？穿上鎧甲，拿起武器，本來就抱著必死的決心。傷勢還沒到死的地步，您還是努力吧！”左手把韁繩并握在一起，右手拽過鼓槌就敲起來。馬狂奔不能停止，軍隊跟隨著主帥的車追了上去。齊國的軍隊潰敗。晉國的軍隊追擊齊國的軍隊，圍著華不注山繞了三圈。 24.本文共8個給分句，每句標(biāo)點1分，翻譯1分（標(biāo)點以給分句為單位，錯一處扣一分，不倒扣。翻譯的意思對了即可給分）共16分 原文2： “越國以鄙遠(yuǎn)，君知其難也；焉用亡鄭以陪鄰？鄰之厚，君之薄也。若舍鄭以為東道主，行李之往來，共其乏困，君亦無所害。且君嘗為晉君賜矣，許君焦、瑕，朝濟而夕設(shè)

8、版焉，君之所知也。夫晉何厭之有！既東封鄭，又欲肆其西封；若不闕秦，將焉取之？闕秦以利晉，唯君圖之?！鼻夭f，與鄭人盟。使杞子、逢孫、楊孫戍之，乃還。 參考譯文： “越過一個國家把遠(yuǎn)方作為自己的邊邑，您會知道它的難處；為什么要用滅亡鄭國來增益鄰國呢？鄰國的加強就是國君您的削弱。如果若舍棄鄭國把它作為東方道路上的主人，外交使節(jié)的往來，鄭國供應(yīng)他們的館舍和資糧的不足，您也沒有損害。而且您曾經(jīng)給予晉君恩賜，晉君答應(yīng)給您焦、瑕兩地，但早晨渡過黃河回國，晚上便筑起了防御工事，這是您所知道的。那晉國哪有滿足的時候！已經(jīng)在東邊把鄭國作為邊界，又想擴大它西面的邊界；如果不損害秦國，將從哪里取得想要的土地呢？損害

9、秦國來使晉國得到好處，希望您考慮這件事?！鼻夭吲d了，和鄭人結(jié)了盟。派杞子、逢孫：楊孫戍守鄭國，就回國了。winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.bot

10、h sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.b

11、ut it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and

12、rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 15

13、0th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa haso

14、pened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complai

15、nt. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very c

16、alm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kil

17、ometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then

18、, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has r

19、epeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff