考研英語7選5(填空式閱讀)真題解析_2

1、姓名：_ 班級：_ 學(xué)號：_-密-封 -線- 考研英語7選5(填空式閱讀)真題解析考試時間：120分鐘 考試總分：100分題號一二三四五總分分?jǐn)?shù)遵守考場紀(jì)律，維護(hù)知識尊嚴(yán)，杜絕違紀(jì)行為，確?？荚嚱Y(jié)果公正。考研英語7選5(填空式閱讀)真題解析directions:directions: in the following text, some sentences have been removed. for questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list a-g to fit into each of the number

2、ed blank. there are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (10 points)coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by british naturalist charles darwin in the 1860s, british social philosopher herbert spencer put for

3、ward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41 .american social scientist lewis henry morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. morgan,

4、along with taylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. in his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. 42 .in the early 1900s in north america, germanborn american anthropologist franz boas developed a new theory of culture kno

5、wn as historical particularism. historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43 .boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evo

6、lutionary stage or type of culture. 44 .historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in american anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of boas. but a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture i

7、n favor of diffusionism. some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45 .also in the early 1900s, french sociologist emile durkheim developed a theory of culture

8、that would greatly influence anthropology. durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. an interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture-known as functionalism-became a major theme in european, and especially british, anthropology.a o

9、ther anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. this theory was known as diffusionism.b in order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, an

10、d in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.c he argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.d they also focu

11、sed on important rituals that appeared to preserve a peoples social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify childrens entrance into adulthood.e thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership

12、 of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.fsupporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.g for example, british anthropologists grafton elliot smith and w. j.

13、perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient egypt and diffused throughout the world. in fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world. 答案詳解41.【

14、解析】c本題可以使用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法。試題位于第一段的末尾，因此要了解試題前以及試題后即第二段的語義重點(diǎn)。文章的第一句話coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by british naturalist charles darwin in the 1860s, british social philosopher herbert spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution是本段的主題句，后面的

15、一句話是對它的補(bǔ)充和說明。從本段的語義以及使用的詞匯來看，本段論述的內(nèi)容主要集中在evolution(進(jìn)化)上。從第二段的起始句american social scientist lewis henry morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s來看，文章仍然在談?wù)揷ultural evolution的問題，因此從文章敘述的一致性出發(fā)，要填入的內(nèi)容，也應(yīng)當(dāng)圍繞cultural revolution進(jìn)行，同時是對上文的補(bǔ)充和說明。對比選項(xiàng)，只有選項(xiàng)c所論述的內(nèi)容是cultural revolut

16、ion，詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，同時在語義上是對前者的補(bǔ)充和說明，因此是正確答案。42.【解析】e本題可以使用詞匯同現(xiàn)法，同時分析前后文的語義關(guān)系。試題位于第二段的結(jié)尾，要了解前后文的語義關(guān)系。從前文來看，本段要說明的主題是he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies，本句話前面的信息都是背景信息，只有這一句話和文章的主題有關(guān)，因此是這一段要說明的重點(diǎn)，通過分析這句話的語義可知，本句話要說明的重點(diǎn)信息是all aspects of culture change(文化

17、的各個方面會發(fā)生變化)。從試題后面段落的起始句in the early 1900s in north america, germanborn american anthropologist franz boas developed a new theory來看，和上一段之間沒有聯(lián)系，而是提出了另外一個問題。通過試題前后的語義分析可知，要填入的句子在語義上要和試題前面的all aspects of culture changed這個信息保持一致性。對比選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)e中出現(xiàn)了diverse aspects of culture這樣的信息，和試題前面的all aspects of culture形

18、成了詞匯同現(xiàn)關(guān)系，因此初步判斷是正確答案。再進(jìn)一步從語義上判斷，選項(xiàng)e的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)是all aspects of culture changed as societies evolved和試題前面的句子all aspects of culture changed表達(dá)了相同的內(nèi)容，對前面的語義形成了補(bǔ)充和說明。43.【解析】a從試題前文的語義看，前文中的句子historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology表達(dá)的核心是文化的uni

19、queness(獨(dú)特性)。從試題后面段落的第一句話boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture來看，這句話包含了兩個方面的內(nèi)容，句子的前半部分the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a

20、 unique history(文化是特定歷史的產(chǎn)物)和試題前面的句子表達(dá)語義是相同的，但是這句話的后半部分(the culture of any society must be understood)not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture(文化不應(yīng)當(dāng)理解成某一特定發(fā)展階段的文化或某種文化的產(chǎn)物)表達(dá)了與其不同的內(nèi)容，因此，從前后文的語義邏輯關(guān)系分析，這就是要填入的試題內(nèi)容。比較選項(xiàng)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)a other anthropologists believe

21、d that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. this theory was known as diffusionism中的cultural innovations had a single origin(文化革新只有一個)表達(dá)了我們前面分析出來的要填入的內(nèi)容，因此是正確答案。44.【解析】b通過第43題的分析可知，44題前面的句子表達(dá)了兩個方面的內(nèi)容，從44題后面的段落來看，文章對這兩個段落分別進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。因此要填入的內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)和前面句子的關(guān)系非常密切，但是前面的內(nèi)容有兩個，一個是the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history(文化是特定歷史的產(chǎn)物)，另一個是(the culture of any society must be understood)not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture(文化不應(yīng)當(dāng)理解成某一特定發(fā)展階段的文化或某種文