高中過(guò)去分詞的用法總結(jié)

1、過(guò)去分詞的用法,1,現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)的和正在進(jìn)行 過(guò)去分詞: 表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)的和完成,分詞在句中可以作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),2,1. 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，與句子主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，既表示被動(dòng)，又表示完成。 (1) the cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 2. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，只表示動(dòng)作的完成。 (2) he is retired. 他已退休。 3. 有些過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3)the city is surrounded on three sides by mountai

2、ns. 這座城市三面環(huán)山,過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),3,注意】過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，主要是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作。 (1) the cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作） (2) the library is now closed. 圖書(shū)館關(guān)門(mén)了。（過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)） 【注意】過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成, -ing 形式表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行。有些動(dòng)詞如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其過(guò)去分詞形式來(lái)修飾人，用 -i

3、ng 形式來(lái)修飾物。 (3) the book is interesting and im interested in it. 這本書(shū)很有趣，我對(duì)它很感興趣,4,過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) 作定語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，既表被動(dòng)又表完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，只表完成。 1. 過(guò)去分詞用作定語(yǔ)，如果是單個(gè)的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。 we must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。 2. 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意

4、義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔，多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。 the concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂(lè)會(huì)大為成功,5,3.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后常有逗號(hào)。 (1)the meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì)，到會(huì)的有五千多人,6,過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ) 1. 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作。 (1) written in a hurry, this article

5、 was not so good! 因?yàn)閷?xiě)得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。 【注意】written 為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示這篇文章是被寫(xiě)的，而且已經(jīng)被寫(xiě)。 (2) lost / absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?，所以他沒(méi)聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音,7,2. 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱(chēng)一致。 (1) given another hour, i can also work out this problem. 再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能解這道題。（given 為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句主語(yǔ) i ，即

6、i 被再給一個(gè)小時(shí)。） (2) seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 從山頂看城市，城市顯得更漂亮。（seen 為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表“被看”，由語(yǔ)境可知，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是城市，而不是“我們”，因?yàn)椤拔覀儭睉?yīng)主動(dòng)看城市。,8,3. 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)源于狀語(yǔ)從句。 (1) caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨，所以他全身濕透了。 (caught in a heavy rain 為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)，它來(lái)源于原因狀語(yǔ)從句 because

7、he was caught in a heavy rain.) (2)grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。( grown in rich soil 為過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)，它來(lái)源于條件狀語(yǔ)從句 if these seeds are grown in rich soil,9,注意】狀語(yǔ)從句改成過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞,有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念，過(guò)去分詞之前可用表示時(shí)間的連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ),如when，while等。例如： when given a medical examina

8、tion, you should keep calm. 當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定。 4. 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的位置。過(guò)去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語(yǔ)，后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。 he stood there silently, moved to tears. = moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他靜靜地站在那里，被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶,10,表示時(shí)間,seen from the top of the hill，our city looks surrounded in the fog when it is seen fr

9、om the top of the hill，our city looks surrounded in the fog 從山頂上看，我們的城市看起來(lái)像被霧氣籠罩了。 once published，the dictionary will be very popular once it is published，the dictionary will be very popular 一旦出版，這本詞典將大受歡迎,11,拓展,有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念，過(guò)去分詞之前可用表示時(shí)間的連詞，如when，while等。例如： when completed，this railway will link many i

10、ndustrial cities to a seaport 這條鐵路建成后，將把許多工業(yè)城市和一個(gè)海港連接起來(lái)。 when told to go to the teachers office，the girl began to cry 當(dāng)被告知去老師辦公室時(shí)，這女孩開(kāi)始哭起來(lái),12,表示原因: tired out by hard work，he soon fell asleep since he was tired out by hard work，he soon fell asleep 由于干重活疲勞至極，他很快就睡著了,13,表示條件: given more time，we would c

11、ertainly have finished the job much better if we had been given more time，we would certainly have finished the job much better 要是我們有更多的時(shí)間，我們肯定會(huì)把工作完成得更好些。 beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged though they were beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged 雖然被對(duì)方打敗

12、，但隊(duì)員們沒(méi)有泄氣,14,表示伴隨: the professor sat there，surrounded by a lot of students 教授坐在那里，許多學(xué)生圍著他。 he came back，utterly exhausted 他回來(lái)時(shí)疲憊不堪,15,過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) （一）能夠接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下三類(lèi)： 1. 表示感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。 (1) i heard the song sung in english. 我聽(tīng)到有人用英

13、語(yǔ)唱過(guò)這首歌。（過(guò)去分詞sung的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作heard；） (2)he found his hometown greatly changed. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。（過(guò)去分詞changed的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作found,16,2. 表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。 (1) ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理發(fā)。 (2) he got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 (3) dont leave those things undone.

14、要把那些事情做完。 【注意】過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,17,二）使役動(dòng)詞have接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況。 1. 過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成。 (1) he had his money stolen.他的錢(qián)給偷了。（被別人偷去了） 2. 過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語(yǔ)所經(jīng)歷。如： (2) he had his leg broken.他的腿斷了。 （自己的經(jīng)歷,18,with 賓語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu) “with 賓語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞用作介詞 with的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語(yǔ)。例如： (1) the murderer wa

15、s brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 兇手被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式） (2) with water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加熱，我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。（表?xiàng)l件） (3) with the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解決，我們都回家了。（表原因） (4)she stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他。 (5) he stood

16、for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒,19,linda worked for the minnesota manufacturing and mining company, _ as 3m. a. knowing b. known c. being known d. to be known,高考鏈接,b,解析：答案b。此處考查過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，3m與know之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng),20,2. the disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at

17、the party that night. a. recorded b. recording c. to be recorded d. having recorded,高考鏈接,a,解析：答案a。此處考查過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，disc與record之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞表示,21,3. dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. a. being known b. having been known c. to be known d. known,高考鏈接,d,解析：答案

18、d。know與words，expressions，phrases構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng),22,4. the flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. a. to smell b. smelling c. smelt d. to be smelt,高考鏈接,b,解析：答案b。此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾flowers。smell為系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，相當(dāng)于which/that smells sweet,23,1 _ time ,he will make a

19、 first-class tennis player . a having given b to give c giving d given 2 _in 1636 ,harvard is one of the most famous universities in the united states . a being founded b it was founded c founded d founding 3 unless _to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference . a invited b inviting c being

20、 invited d having invited,d,c,a,24,4 _,but he still couldnt understand it . a he had been told many times b having been told many times c told many times d although he had been told many times 5 when first _to the market , these products enjoyed great success . a introducing b introduced c introduce

21、 d being introduced,a,b,25,6 there seemed to be nothing _to do but _for the doctor . a leave / send b left / to send c left / send d leaving / send 7_everywhere , the wolves had no where _themselves . a hunting / hiding b to hunt / to hide c hunted / hiding d hunted / to hide,c,d,作介詞but ,expect ,bes

22、ides 的賓語(yǔ)，前面又有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 do時(shí)，不定式通常省去to,26,8 . the _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy,following, following b. followed, followed c. following, followed d. followed, following,9. mrs. white was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well _ car

23、e of in the nursery,looked; taken b. looking; taken c. looked; took d. looking; taking,c,b,27,10. the murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back,being tied b. having tied c. to be tied d. tied,11. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better,given b. to give c. giving d. having

24、 given,d,a,28,practice,1.did you attend the meeting _yesterday? to be held b. having been held c. held d. being held do you know the name of the play_ in the hall now? to be put on b. being put on c. put on d. putting on i borrowed a book _ by mark twain from the library last week. i like it very mu

25、ch. written b. writing c. was written d. to write 4.please dont forget him. he is one of _. those invited b. invited those c. those inviting d. inviting those,c,b,a,a,29,3. the teacher walked to lab, _. a. followed by his students b. his students followed c. and followed by his students d. both a an

26、d b,30,4. when _ into the warm room, ice soon changes into water. a. heating and taking b. heated, and taking c. heating or taken d. heated or taken,31,5. the research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. a. begins b. having begun c. beginning d. begun,32,6. mr. smith, _ of t

27、he _ speech, started to read a novel. (03北京春)a. tired; boring b. tiring; bored c. tired; bored d. tiring; boring,33,9. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (01全國(guó)夏)a. having suffered b. suffering c. to suffer d. suffered,34,10. before _, the machine must be ch

28、ecked. a. being used b. using it c. being used to d. using 11. prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. (02京皖春)a. are bought b. bought c. been bought d. buying,35,12.theemperorsnewclothes,isan_text.allofusare_init.a.exciting; exciting b.excited; excited c.excited; e

29、xciting d.exciting; excited,36,13. sheaskedifthereisanything_ fortonight. a.toplan b.planned c.thatplans d.planning,37,15. _ these pictures, i couldnt help thinking of those days when i was in beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-stored building, beijing looks more magnificent. a. seeing; seen b.

30、seen; seeing c. seeing; seeing d. seen; seen,38,16. _ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. a. giving; given b. given; given c. giving; giving d. given; giving,39,17. unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conf

31、erence. a. invited b. inviting c. being invited d. having invited 18. when _, the museum will be open to the public next year. a. completed b. completing c. being completed d. to be completed,40,20. i found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road. a. to be stuck b. stuck c. sticking d. stick,41,1. the olympic games, _ in 776 b. c., didnt include women until 1912. a. first playing b. to be first played c. first played d. to be playing,考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥,42,簡(jiǎn)析: 首先,根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知,待選部分是一個(gè)