2021考研“考試蟲”英語8套模擬試卷(二)1

1、XX考研“考試蟲”英語8套模擬試卷(二)1 xx考研“考試蟲”英語8套模擬 _(二)1 _：xx-05-13 xx 碩士研究生入學考試“考試蟲”英語 8 套模擬 _ ( 二 ) Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and _rk A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In his 1979 book, The Sinking Ark , biologist Nor

2、 _n Myers esti _ted that 1 of more than 100 hu _n-caused extinctions our each day, and that one million species 2 by the _ntury s end. Yet there is little eviden _ of 3 that number of extinctions. For example, only seven species on the 4 species list have bee extinct 5 the list was created in 1973.

3、Bio- 6 is an important value, aording to _ny scientists. Nevertheless, the supposed _ss extinction rates ban _d about are 7 by multiplying 8 by improbables to get imponderables. Many esti _tes, for instan _, rely a great deal on a species-area 9 , which predicts that twi _ as _ny species will be fou

4、nd on 100 square miles 10 on ten square miles. The problem is that species are not distributed 11 , so how much of a forest are destroyed _y be as important as 12 . 13 , says Ariel Lugo, director of the International Institute of Tropical Forestry in Puerto Rico, Biologists who predict high 14 rates

5、 15 the resiliency of nature. One of the _in causes of extinctions is deforestation. Aording to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, what destroys tropical trees is not mercial logging, 16 poor farmers who have no other 17 for feeding their families than slashing and burnin

6、g a 18 of forest. In countries that practi _ modern 19 agriculture, forests are in 20 danger. In 1920, U. S. forests covered 732 million acres. Today they cover 737 million. 1. A an average B a number C a sum D an amount 2. A disappeared B would disappear C will disappear D would have disappeared 3.

7、 A anywhere near B somewhere near C anything like D something like 4. A extinct B endangered C rare D warned 5. A before B although Cas D sin _ 6. A selection B differen _ C diversity D variety 7. A distorted by B achieved by C _gnified by D overstated by 8. A unknowns B unbalan _ds C inappropriates

8、 D irrelevants 9. A equation B calculation C coordination D classification 10. A where B what C as D from 11. A heavily B randomly C sparsely D thickly 12. A which time B which parts C how long D how severe 13. A In addition B But C Instead D As a result 14. A extinction B extinctive C extinct D ext

9、inguished 03 15. A underplay B underrate C understate D undermine 16. A rather B as C but D ex _pt 17. A faculty B option Cprospect D profession 18. A plot B block C patch D pie _ 20. A no B possible C imminent D constant Section 1 Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four tex

10、ts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 The atmosphere forms a gaseous, protective envelope around Earth, which protects the pla from the cold of spa _, from harmful ultraviolet light, and from all but the largest met

11、eors. After traveling over 93 million miles, solar energy strikes the atmosphere and Earth s su _ _, warming the pla and creating what is known as the biosphere, the region of Earth capable of sustaining life. Solar radiation in bination with the pla s rotation causes the atmosphere to circulate. At

12、mospheric circulation is one important reason that life on earth can exist at higher latitudes because equatorial heat is transported pole-ward, moderating the cli _te. The equatorial region is the warmest part of the earth because it re _ives the most direct and, therefore, strongest solar radiatio

13、n. The plane in which the earth revolves around the sun is called the ecliptic (黃道). Earths axis is inclined 23 1/3 degrees with respect to the ecliptic. This inclined axis is responsible for our changing seasons because, as seen from the earth, the sun swings back and forth across the equator in an

14、 annual cycle. On or about June 21 each year, the sun reaches the Tropic of Can _r (北回歸線),23 1/3 degrees north latitude. This is the norther _ost point where the sun can be directly overhead. On or about De _mber 21 of each year, the sun reaches the Tropic of Capricorn (南回歸線) ,23 1/3 degrees south l

15、atitude. This is the souther _ost point at which the sun can be directly overhead. The polar regions are the coldest parts of the earth because they re _ive the least direct and, therefore, the weakest solar radiation. Here solar radiation strikes at a very oblique (sloping) angle and thus spreads t

16、he same amount of energy over a greater area than in the equatorial regions. A static envelope of air surrounding the earth would produ _ an extremely hot, uninhabitable equatorial region while the polar regions would re _in inhospitably cold. The transport of water vapor in the atmosphere is an imp

17、ortant mechani _ by which heat energy is redistributed pole-ward. When water evaporates into the air and bees water vapor, it absorbs energy. At the equator, air filled with water vapor rises high into the atmosphere where winds carry it pole-ward. As this moist air approaches the polar regions, it

18、cools and sinks back to earth. At some point the water vapor condenses out of the air as rain or snow, releasing energy in the pro _ss. The now-dry polar air flows back toward the equator to repeat the cycle. In this way, heat energy absorbed at the equator is deposited at the poles and the temperat

19、ure differen _ between these regions is redu _d. The circulation of the atmosphere and the weather it generates is but one example of the _ny plex,interdependent events of nature. The web of life depends on the proper functioning of these natural mechani _s for its continued existen _. Global warmin

20、g, the hole in the atmospheres ozone layer, and increasing air and water pollution pose serious, long-term threats to the biosphere. Given the high degree of natures interoon-nectedness, it is quite possible that the most serious threats have yet to be recognized. 21. The first paragraph of the pass

21、age deals _inly with the atmospheres A.)sheltering effect on our pla. B.)reviving effect on the biosphere. C.)life-creating effect on the earth. D.)moderating effect on the earth temperature. 22. It is true that the atmosphere is incapable of A.)preventing most ultravioletrays from reaching the eart

22、h su _ _. B.)protecting the earth from the attack of some heavenly bo _s. C.) _ the earth cli _te suitable for the _intenan _ of life. D.)separating our globe from the severe conditions of outer spa _. 23. It is coldest in the polar regions because A.)they are far from the equator. B.)the sun always

23、 swings over tropic areas. C.)solar radiation strikes there only indirectly. D.)the sunshine reaches there at a very slanted angle. 24. The life-sustaining function of the atmosphere A.)relies on its absorption of heat energy. B.)consists of the air and water vapor it contains. C.)lies in spreading

24、solar energy over different regions. D.)depends on the stability of its constituents. 25. The author sum _rizes that A.)assuming nature to be an integrated existen _, hu _n threats _y be extremely serious. B.)granting natural events to be inseparable, pollution is being increasingly unbearable. C.)c

25、onsidering the close interdependen _ of natural mechani _s, the greatest dangers re _in to be identified. D.)supposing natural factors were closely interrelated, the most serious threats _y still have to be clarified. Text 2 An official report, addressing con _rns about the _ny implications of geic

26、testing, outlined policy guidelines and legislative remendations intended to avoid involuntary and/or ineffective test- xxing, and to protect confidentiality. The report identified urgent con _rns, such as quality control measures (including federal oversight for testing laboratories) and better gei

27、cs training for medical practitioners. It remended voluntary screening, urged couples in high-risk populations to consider carrier screening, and advised caution in using and interpreting pre-sympto _tic or predictive tests, because _rtain infor _tion could easily be misused or misinterpreted. About

28、 three in every 100 children are born with a severe disorder presumed to be geic or partially geic in origin. Genes, often in con _rt with enviro _ental factors, are being linked to the causes of _ny mon _ diseases such as heart disease, hypertension (high blood pressure) , various can _rs, Alzheime

29、rs disease, etc. Tests to determine predisposition to a variety of conditions are under study, and some are beginning to be applied. The report remended that all screening, including screening of newborns, be voluntary. Citing the results of two different voluntary newborn screening programs, the re

30、port said these programs can achieve plian _ rates equal to or better than those of obligatory programs. State health departments could eventually require the offering of tests for diagnosing treatable conditions in newborns, however, careful pilot stu _s for conditions diagnosable at birth need to

31、be done first. Although the report asserted that it would prefer that all screening be voluntary, it did note that if a state requires newborn screening for a particular condition, the state should do so only if there is strong eviden _ that a newborn would benefit from effective treatment at the ea

32、rliest possible age. Newborn screening is the most mon type of geic screening today. More than four million newborns are tested annually so that effective treatment can be started in a few hundred infants. Prenatal (pre _ding birth) testing can pose the most difficult issues. The ability to diagnose

33、 geic disorders in the fetus (胎兒) far ex _eds any ability to treat or cure them. Parents must be fully informed about risks and benefits of testing pro _dures, the nature and variability of the disorders they would disclose, and the options available if test results are positive. Obtaining informed

34、consent a pro _ss that would include educating participants, not just pro _ssing documents would enhan _ voluntary participation. When offered testing, parents should re _ive prehensive counseling, which should be nondirective. Relevant medical advi _, however, is remended for treatable or preventable conditions. Geics also can predict whether _rtain diseases might develop later in life. For single-gene diseases , population screening should only be considered for treatable or preventable conditions of relatively high frequency. Children should be tested only for disord