2021年英語論文格式要求

1、英語論文格式要求 一、文獻(xiàn)引用(統(tǒng)一按 APA 格式規(guī)范夾注) (一)引用基本常識(shí) 1、如引用到某 _的話語或觀點(diǎn)，需在句中或括號(hào)內(nèi)注明該 _姓氏(last name) 。 2、直接引用的，需在直接引用話語部分加雙引號(hào)(quotation _rks)，并注明頁碼。 3、在所引用的話語后加括號(hào)(parentheses)需在其后加句號(hào)(period)。 4、中文 _在正文中夾注要求用 _姓氏漢語拼音，按英文 APA規(guī)范夾注。 (二)具體規(guī)范和示例 1、間接引用 A. 引用單一 _的著作的(Single author),可有以下幾種引用方式： In 19 _, Jorgensen pared for

2、 _l interviews to carefully constructed questionnaires. OR Jorgensen (19 _) pared for _l interviews to carefully constructed questionnaires. OR Jorgensen pared for _l interviews to carefully constructed questionnaires (19 _). OR Jorgensen stated, “For _l interviews produ _d opti _l results in severa

3、l situations” (19 _, p. 23). Smith (20XX) surveyed this phenomenon. A famous survey of this phenomenon (Smith, 20XX) showed that. In 20XX, Smith demonstrated that. B. 引用兩位共同 _著作的(Citing Works by Two Authors)，如用括號(hào)則需在兩 _之間加表示“and”的符號(hào)“(&)”;如無括號(hào)則 用 and.”，如: Aording to the study, 25% of people prefer cat

4、s over dogs (Smith & Brown, 20XX). OR Smith and Brown (20XX) surveyed this phenomenon. In 1992, Leonard and Trent argued that interviews have produ _d reliable infor _tion. OR Leonard and Trent (1992) argued that interviews have produ _d reliable infor _tion. OR The Arawaks had been living on the is

5、land for several thousand years (Leonard & Trent, 1992). C. 引用文獻(xiàn)為三到五位 _的(Citing Works by Three, Four, or Five Authors.)， 第一次引用的需注明所有 _，接下來再引用的則只需注明第一位 _的姓(surname)并加 “ et al.”表示，注意加句號(hào)(with a period)，如： ? A re _nt survey (Smith, Brown, & Black, 20XX) showed. first referen _ ? Smith et al. (20XX) show

6、ed second referen _ ? Bourne et al. (1994) found that this kind of activity “pares favorably to the national level of outdoor recreation” (p. 83). D. 文獻(xiàn)為不同時(shí)期多位 _的，按主要 _姓氏字母順序列出，并用分號(hào)“;”(semicolons)分開，如： These data are consistent with other stu _s con _rning this topic (Greenfield, 1990; Patterson, 19

7、97; Smith & Jones, 1992). Several stu _s (Balda, 1980; Kamil, 1988; Pepperberg &Funk, 1990) E. 引用團(tuán)體 _(corporate author)的作品，括號(hào)夾注中應(yīng)使用團(tuán)體的名稱，如： Retired offi _rs retain aess to all of the universitys educational and recreational facilities (Columbia University, 1987, p. 54). F. 引用文獻(xiàn)源自采訪、郵件、 _等觀點(diǎn)或文字的(Pers

8、onal munication: interviews, letters, e- _ils, phone conversations, etc.)屬不可追溯檢索信息，不必在 _中列出，如： Trent Presto (personal interview, November 5, 20XX) found the work rewarding. OR V. G. Nguyen (E- _il, September 25, 20XX) confirmed these statistics stating again that the _rgin of error was less than 1 p

9、er _nt. G. 文中引用出現(xiàn)同一姓氏的(Citing Works by Authors Who Have the Same Surname )，應(yīng)在姓氏前加注其名首字母用以區(qū)分，如： R. D. Lu _ (1959) and P. A. Lu _ (1986) also found J. M. Goldberg and Neff (1961) and M. E. Goldberg and Wurtz (1972) stu _d. 如為同一姓氏中文 _，APA格式為：(W.Y. Wang, 20XX)， (L.F. Wang, 20XX, p. 213) H. 引用無 _文獻(xiàn)(Citin

10、g Works with No Author)，如果文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)題沒有出現(xiàn)在正文里，則括號(hào)夾注中應(yīng)使用該標(biāo)題或者(如果標(biāo)題過長(zhǎng)的話)使用該標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞組(選擇標(biāo)題開始部分的詞組)，如： ?“Survey of Asian Men (20XX). ?a re _nt study (Hispanic and Fe _le, 20XX). I. 引用同一 _同一年不同文獻(xiàn)的(Citing Multiple Works Written in the Same Year by the Same Author)，則需在年份后加(a, b, c)(同 _)。對(duì)應(yīng)的Referen _ List: Jensen,

11、D. (20XXa). A work to be admired. New York, NY: Smith Publishing. Jensen, D. (20XXb). Yet more works to be admired . New York, NY: Smith Publishing. J. 無出版日期文獻(xiàn)(Citing Works with No Date of Publication)，用“ (n.d.) ”表示，如： Browns study (n.d) showed that kittens are visually pleasing K. 無頁碼文獻(xiàn)(Citing Work

12、s without Page Numbers)，如引用電子資源的，引用源自某“部分”(.section)或“段落”(para.)序號(hào)加以注明，如： ? (Smith, 20XX, para. 5) ? (Brown, 20XX, Introduction section, para. 1) L. 引用電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的(Electronic sour _)，需注明整個(gè)網(wǎng)址： Kidspsych is a wonderful interactive Web site for children (kidspsych). M. 引用翻譯文獻(xiàn) 間接引用格式為： (Author Surname, Year

13、Originally Published/Year of Translation)，如 ： (Lapla _, 1814/1951) 直接引用格式為：(Author Surname, Year Originally Published/Year of Translation, page number)，如： (Lapla _, 1814/1951, p. 148) 注：對(duì)應(yīng)的在 _中Referen _s其格式為: Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle (Translator Fir

14、st Initial. Second Initial. Surname, Trans.). Pla _ of Publication: Publisher. (Original work published Year). Referen _s: Lapla _, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York, NY: Dover. (Original work published 1814). N. 引用文學(xué)作品和經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn) (1)在引用劇

15、本時(shí)應(yīng)標(biāo)出引文的幕、場(chǎng)、行，如： In his famous advi _ to players, Shakespeares Hamlet defines the purpose of theater, “whose end, both at the first and now, was and is, to hold, as twere, the mirror up to nature” (3.2.21-23).也可用III.ii.23，分別表示第三幕第二場(chǎng)第23行. 這里的括號(hào)夾注表示引文劇本第三幕第二場(chǎng)的21至23行。(注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用。) When Homers Odysseus es

16、to the hall of Cir _, he finds his men “mild / in her soft spell, fed on her drug of evil” (10.209-11). 這里的括號(hào)夾注表示引文詩歌第10節(jié)的209至211行。對(duì)不分節(jié)的詩第一次引用時(shí)應(yīng)說明括號(hào)里標(biāo)的是行數(shù)，使用“l(fā)ine”，以后的引用則不需再說明。例如： 第一次引用：(lines 5-8);以后的引用：(12-13) 例子里的括號(hào)夾注表示引文該書第二冊(cè)第十章的第117頁。(注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)和縮略語的使用。) (3)引用小說 在引用有章節(jié)、分冊(cè)的小說的時(shí)候，應(yīng)標(biāo)出引文所在的頁碼、冊(cè)數(shù)、章節(jié)，如： On

17、e of Kingsolvers narrators, teenager Rachel, pushes her vocabulary beyond its limits. For example, Rachel plains that being for _d to live in the Congo with her missionary family is “a sheer tapestry of justi _” because her chan _s of finding a boyfriend are “dull and void” (117; bk. 2, ch. 10). 如果論

18、文是有關(guān)小說評(píng)論，因一般都需從同一小說中反復(fù)引用，為方便起見，在第一次引用后用圓括弧注明頁碼，在加一個(gè)尾注，用上標(biāo)標(biāo)出。尾注說明格式如下例。以后每次從該小說引用后， 只注明頁碼即可, 毋需再加尾注。 例：In six months time, he was tramped into _rriage with her, though “he had no respect for her.” (p. 40)1 尾注格式 (NOTES): 1. All the quotations from the novel are taken from : Tho _s Hardy. Jude the Obsc

19、ure. Oxford: OUP. 1991 在引用圣經(jīng)、可蘭經(jīng)等經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)的時(shí)候，應(yīng)標(biāo)出引文的篇、章、節(jié)，如： Consider the words of Solomon: “If your enemies are hungry, give them food to eat. If they are thirsty, give them water to drink” (Bible, Prov. 25. 21). 例子里的括號(hào)夾注表示引文舊約圣經(jīng)的箴言篇第25章第21節(jié)。圣經(jīng)各篇的縮寫有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的寫法，因而使用時(shí)應(yīng)該注意核對(duì)。 O. 引用中文 _文獻(xiàn) 在用英文撰寫論文的過程中，如果要引用中文文獻(xiàn)，

20、不能寫 _的全名(如Hu Zhuanglin, 1994)，也不能直接用中文(如胡壯麟，1994或胡，1994)，應(yīng)為按英文論文的引文格式引用。一般的學(xué)術(shù)期刊都會(huì)提供期刊名稱及文獻(xiàn)題目的英文翻譯， _不要自己隨便翻譯。 比如： For example, text stu _s in the 1960s and early 1970s were more or less con _rned with “text gram _r” and textual “gram _ticality” (Hu, 1994，pp. 5-6). These scholars chose to study coher

21、en _ as a social phenomenon, rather than a mental phenomenon (Zhu & Yan, 20XX). P. 轉(zhuǎn)引，即非直接從原著作中引用，而是轉(zhuǎn)引自他人曾引用的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)使用“as cited in”注明. 如： Seidenberg and McClellands study (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993) provided a glimpse into the world 注：在 _部分，僅將轉(zhuǎn)引的文獻(xiàn)信息列出，不需將原 _及文獻(xiàn)信息列出。 Colthea

22、rt, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993). Models of reading aloud: Dual-route an parallel-distributedpro _ssing approaches. Psychological Review, 100, 5 _-608. R. 引用文獻(xiàn)圖表，需在圖表下用Figure/Table(Number)標(biāo)識(shí)，并附Note說明，如： (1)文內(nèi)夾注(在圖表 _加 Note. 說明 Note. From Evaluating the effectiveness of best _nagem

23、ent practi _s using dynamic modeling. by D,. Acker _n and E.D.Stein, 20XX, Journal of Enviro _ental Engineering, 134(8), p.629. (引自期刊) Note. From or the data in column # are from Thermophysical properties of fluids p.113, by M.J. Assael, 1998, London: Imperial College Press. (引自書籍著作) Note. From or t

24、he data in column # are from International Merchandise Imports, Australia, Jan 20XX, Australian Bureau of Satatistics. (網(wǎng)絡(luò)) (2) _(與上對(duì)應(yīng)) Acker _n, D., & Stein, E.D. (20XX). Evaluating the effectiveness of best _nagement practi _s using dynamic modeling. Journal of Enviro _ental Engineering, 134(8), 6

25、29-639. (期刊) Assael, M. (1998). Thermophysical properties of fluids. London: Imperial College Press. (書籍) Australian Bureau of Statistics. (20XX). International Merchandise Imports Australia, January 20XX (No. 5439.0), Retrieved February 18, 20XX from .nsf/mf/5439.0?OpenDocument 注：如為自己繪制圖表，一般應(yīng)用“Tabl

26、e # +A brief but clear explanatory title.”(此處為斜體)表示;或Figure#. +Descriptive caption for figure. (二)直接引用 1、直接引用文獻(xiàn)部分內(nèi)容少于40個(gè)單詞(Quotes less than 40 words)，如： Rossett (1995) states that needs asses _ent is conducted “when the instructional technologist is trying to respond to a request for assistan _” (p.

27、 184). Interviews and observations are frequently used needs asses _ent tools. Especially, observations are “a very useful tool for finding out what is really happening at work” (Rossett, 1995, p. 191). Programmed instruction, initially developed by Sydney Pressey and populated by B. F. Skinner, “pr

28、esents new instructional content to learners in a controlled sequen _” (Chyung, 20XX, pp. 24-25). Distinct differen _s are seen between data gathered for _le and fe _le subjects in the first study (Beech & Moen, 1994, Figure 2). To facilitate the shift from teacher- _ntered to student- _ntered learning, written _terials that aompany distan _ courses should include con _pt _ps and advan _ organizers, as demonstr