05不定式過去分詞動詞ing形式之功能比較思維導(dǎo)圖(改進版)(最新整理)

1、舟楫英語課堂精通句子結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動詞（六）不定式、 過去分詞、 動詞ing 形式之功能比較作主語不定式to go to school on foot every day takes me half an hour.its very nice of you to be so considerate.its not easy for you to get him to change his mind.it is a great honor for us to be present at this rally.動詞 ing 形式learning new words is very important.

2、its dangerous your drinking so much liquor.its no use arguing about it.作賓語不定式詳細辨析見附表we agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.i made it a rule to get up early, take a cold bath, and then do some running.動詞 ing 形式有些動詞只能接 ing 形式作賓語，不能接不定式作賓語i enjoy working with you. 我喜歡和你共事。作賓補不定式感官動詞

3、+ 賓語 + 不帶 to 的不定式作賓補（意義主動，動作的全過程）i saw him fall down from the bike. 我 看 到 他 從 自 行 車 上 摔 下 來 。 （ 已 經(jīng) 完 成 的 動 作 ， 動 作 的 全 過 程 ）we heard him cry out. 我們聽見他大喊一聲。（已經(jīng)完成的動作，動作的全過程）使 役 動 詞 + 賓 語 + 不 定 式 作 賓 補（意義主動，不強調(diào)動作一直在進行）let me see. / let me think. 讓我想一想。let sb. go 放，釋放某人。let yourself go. 放松，隨心所欲，不修邊幅th

4、ey made me repeat the whole story. 他們非讓我把整個事件再說一遍。過去分詞使 役 動 詞 + 賓 語 + 過 去 分 詞 作 賓 補（意義被動，已經(jīng)完成）i want to have my hair cut. 今天下午我要去理發(fā)（被動）。 please keep us informed of the latest news. 請向我們通報事態(tài)的最新進展。（被動）the viewers wish the serial film (to be) continued. 觀眾希望這部系列片繼續(xù)下去。（被動）感官動詞 + 賓語 + 過去分詞作賓補（意義被動，已經(jīng)完成）h

5、e heard his name called. 他聽見有人在叫他的名字。（被動） i found the city greatly changed. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個城市變化很大。（被動，完成）i saw the net 我看見漁網(wǎng)被拉了上來 。動詞 ing 形式感 官 動 詞 + 賓 語 + ing 形 式 作 賓 補（意義主動，正在進行）i saw the net .我看見漁網(wǎng)正在被拉上。（被動，正在進行）i found the students studying hard. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)那些學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)很用功。（主動，正在進行）使 役 動 詞 + 賓 語 + ing 形 式 作 賓 補（意義主動，強調(diào)

6、動作一直在進行）the joke set them all laughing. 這個笑話讓他們都笑了。（主動）she kept me waiting for a long time. 她讓我等了很長時間。（主動）作定語不定式不定式作定語有以后發(fā)生之意when you have got a whole lot（ to do）, friends will jump in and come to your rescue.當你忙時，朋友會主動幫你。不定式只能作定語the problem （to be discussed at the meeting next week） is of great imp

7、ortance. 下個星期要在會議上討論的那個問題非常重要。過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞作定語有被動之意（boiled ）water 開水（被煮過的水）the piano (used at the concert) is made in france. 音樂會上用的那架鋼琴是法國制造的。不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語有完成之意(fallen ) leaves 落葉（已經(jīng)落下來的樹葉）a(retired )teacher 退休教師an (expired )lease 過期的租約動詞 ing 形式ing 形式作定語有正在進行的含義(boiling) water 沸水（正在沸騰的水） the girl (

8、playing the piano at the concert) is mary. 在音樂會上彈鋼琴的那個女孩是瑪麗ing 形式作定語有說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)a (speaking) bird 會說話的鳥(freezing) wind 刺骨寒風(fēng)(running) water 自來水(sleeping) bag 睡袋作表語不定式通常是說明主語的內(nèi)容，這時主語通常是表示目的愿望一類的名詞our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.to see is to believe.過去分詞見被動語態(tài)動詞 ing 形式表示泛指意義的動作my hobby is grow

9、ing flowers. 我的愛好是種花。seeing is believing. 眼見為實。作狀語不定式作目的狀語 they ran over to welcome the delegates. 他們跑過去歡迎代表們。作結(jié)果狀語 he woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒了過來，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了作原因狀語 we all rejoiced ridisd to hear of your success 聽說你們成功了我們很高興。過去分詞作時間狀語the table set, they began to have their meal.桌子擺好以后，他們就開始吃飯

10、。作原因狀語her heart broken, she locked herself in the room.她非常傷心，把自己鎖在房間里。表示伴隨情況she sat there attentively, her chin cupped in her hand. 她手托著下巴，全神貫注的坐在那兒。一些比較固定的分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中一般多用過去分詞1) all told 總計 we were twenty all told. / fifty people came all told. 2） all things considered 考慮了一切因素之后 3）this accomplished 完成這項

11、工作之后 4）this explanation given 這樣解釋之后 5). but shes only a child when all is said and done 不管怎么說，說到底過去分詞表示條件，不可代之以現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式certain poisons, used as medicines in small quantities, prove not only innocuous(無毒), but beneficial（有益）動詞 ing 形式這里強調(diào)原因， 故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式being written in haste, the composition is ful

12、l of mistakes.這篇文章由于倉卒寫就，因而錯誤百出。作時間狀語crossing the road, he was run over by a car.having done their homework, the students played footbal l.作原因狀語not knowing english, he couldnt understand the film.作條件狀語working hard, you will do well in the exam.作結(jié)果狀語his parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan.

13、作讓步狀語not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously作伴隨狀語the children went into the classroom, talking andlaughing.附表：lovelikehatepreferdislikebeginstartcontinueintend喜愛喜歡憎恨更喜歡厭惡開始開始繼續(xù)打算cant bearproposewantneedrememberforgettrydeservedread dred不能忍受建議想要需要記得忘記試圖 ；試做應(yīng)得極為擔心love, like, dislik

14、e, prefer, propose, dread, cant bear, 等 動 詞 接 ing 形式表示一般的行為，接不定式表示具體的動作。i dread being sick. 我特別害怕生病。i dread to think what would happen if there really were a fire here.我不敢想像假如這兒真的發(fā)生火災(zāi)會是什么情景。 i prefer playing in defense difens. 我喜歡打防守。i prefer not to think about it.我不想考慮此事。stop + 動詞 ing 形式作賓語stop +不定

15、式作狀語stop crying. 不要哭。you must stop her telling them. 你必須阻止她告訴他們。we stopped to have a rest. 我們停下來休息。they stopped to listen, but there was no sound. 他們停下來聽，但是沒有聲音。begin, start 等動詞之后，接 ing 形式表示有意的動作，接不定式表示無意的動作。after lunch it began to rain. 午飯后就開始下雨。（無意識的）philip began to cry. 菲利普開始哭了起來。so i at once beg

16、an making preparation for a trip home. 因此我立刻著手回家旅途的準備。（有意識的）she started laughing. 她笑了起來。mistakes were starting to creep in. 不知不覺間開始出錯了。consider(考慮)+動詞ing 形式作賓語consider（認為）+賓語+不定式作賓補we are considering buying a new car. 我們在考慮買一輛新車。this award is considered (to be) a great honor.這項獎被是視為極大的榮譽。we consider

17、 this award (to be) a great honor.hes generally considered to have the finest tenor （ten男高音的）voice in the country.普遍認為他是全國最佳男高音歌手。try 的后面接不定式表示盡力， 接 ing 形式表示嘗試。he tried to answer calmly, without exaggerationig.zdrein, truly.他盡力的做到冷靜地、毫不夸張地、如實地回答。try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at t

18、he front door.如果在前門敲門沒有人聽見，你就試著到后門敲敲看。go on + ing 形式go on +不定式go on 接ing 形式表示接著做原來的那件事，接不定式表示接著做另外一件事i oughtnt to go on living this way. 我不應(yīng)當繼續(xù)以這種方式生活下去了。tom went on reading his paper. 他們繼續(xù)讀他的報紙。he went on to talk about the world situation. 他接著談?wù)撌澜缇謩荨＃ㄔ瓉硭務(wù)搫e的話題，接著轉(zhuǎn)到世界局勢的話題。）she went on to ask a stri

19、ng of questions about acting. 她接著問了一連串關(guān)于表演的問題。remember, forget 等動詞，接 ing 形式表示曾經(jīng)作過的動作，接不定式表示尚未發(fā)生的動作，如 記住要做某事。i remember telling you about her. 我記得曾經(jīng)和你說過她的事情。remember to mail the letter. 要記得寄信。he remembered to shut the door. 他沒忘了關(guān)門。ill never forget finding that rare old coin in my garden.我永遠也不會忘記是在我的花

20、園里發(fā)現(xiàn)那個罕見的古錢幣。he forgot which way to go. 他忘記該走哪條路。regret（ 惋惜 懊悔）+ 動詞 ing 形式作賓語regret (很遺憾)+ 不定式he bitterly regretted ever having mentioned it. 他非常懊悔提起那件事。we regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.我們很遺憾的通知您，您的申請未通過。need, want, deserve, require 等動詞之后，可接 ing 形式的主動語態(tài)形式，表示被動的意義。these shoes need repairing. 這雙鞋子需要修補。（主動的結(jié)構(gòu)，被動的含義。）your hair wants cutting. 你需要理發(fā)了。（主動的結(jié)構(gòu)，被動的含義。）以下動詞即可接 ing 形式作賓語，也可接不定式作賓語，應(yīng)注意區(qū)別：his suggestion is worth considering. 他的建議值得考慮。be worth 之后也應(yīng)接 ing 形式， 表示被動意義。“”“”at the end,