高中高考英語練習之動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、2010高考二輪復習英語學案專題六 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)【典例精析】1.（2008全國I卷，27） Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society.A. has joined B. joinsC. had joinedD. joined【解析】D句意：你認識Dr. Jackson好久時間了嗎? 是的，自從她加入漢語協(xié)會我就認識她。Since 自從.以來，引導時間狀語從句，強調過去認識時的時間，第一句話所用的現(xiàn)在完成時是判斷該句子時態(tài)的重要依據(jù)。2.（2008遼寧卷,23）We first

2、met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years.A. knew B. have known C. have known D. know【解析】C句意：在2000年我們第一次在火車上相遇。我倆同時立刻趕到彼此認識多年了。根據(jù)題干第二句可知主句為過去時，而that 引導的賓語從句的謂語動詞又發(fā)生在主句動詞之前，即為過去的過去，故用過去完成時來表示。3.（2008天津卷，14） He _ football regularly for many years when he was young

3、. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played【解析】D句意：他年輕的時候踢了多年的足球。句中的when he was young是表示過去的時間狀語。題干中沒有強調在過去的某個時間段正在發(fā)生某事，故排除A項；句中也沒有信息詞強調對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，故排除C項；句中也沒有以過去的某個時間點或動作點作為參照，故排除D項。4.（09北京）27. The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.A. treated B.

4、were treated C. would treat D. would be treated【解析】B考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。The guests 與treat之間是被動的關系，并且動作已經發(fā)生，所以用一般過去時的被動形式。5.（09天津）2. My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live【解析】A考查時態(tài)。后句意思“他們出生在香港，從來沒有去過別的地方”，由此可知前句“一直在香港住”，

5、時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，說明事實，故選A。6.（09福建）6 -Why does the Lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water . A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted【解析】D考查動詞時態(tài)，語態(tài)和主謂語一致。根據(jù)前一分句可知所填動詞表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產生的影響，時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時，動詞與主語是被動關系，用被動語態(tài)。主語是large quantities of water，其中心詞是quantitie

6、s，是復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，選D。7.（09福建）7. According to the literary review, Shakespeare his charities live through their language in his plays. A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes 【解析】D考查動詞時態(tài)。題干是陳述一個客觀真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時，選D。8.（09湖南）8Would you please keep silent? The weather report and _I want to listen.A. is br

7、oadcast B. is being broadcastC. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast【解析】B考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為：請保持安靜行嗎? 我想聽正在廣播的天氣報告。說話間正在發(fā)生的動作，應用進行時同時表示被動含義。故選B。9（09湖南）9. The food here is nice enough. My friend _ me a right place.A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing【解析】B考查時態(tài)的用法。句意為：這里的食物不錯。我的

8、朋友介紹給我一個正確的地方。表示過去的行為。10.（09江西）10. At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport _ that it will going a lot jobs to the area. A. is B. are C. will be D. were 【解析】A本題考查時態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)at present =now 可知，應用一般現(xiàn)在時。11.（09江西）11. - What is the price of petrol these days -Oh, it _ sharply since last

9、 month. A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased 【解析】B本題考查時態(tài)的用法。 根據(jù)since last month 可知應用現(xiàn)在完成時。12.（09江西）12. -Do you want a lift home? -Its very kind of you, but I have a much late in the office. I overslept this morning because my morning clock _. A. doesnt go off B. wont gone C. wasnt

10、 going off D. didnt go on 【解析】D本題考查時態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)I overslept this morning 可知應用一般過去時。13.（09海南）13. His sister left home in 1998, and since.A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard ofC. had not heard of D. has not heard of【解析】B句意為：他的妹妹在1998年離開家，自從那時就沒有音訊了。用現(xiàn)在完成時的否定結構。14.（09海南）14. Edward, you play so we

11、ll. But I you played the piano.A. didnt know B. hadnt knownC. dont know D. havent known【解析】A句意為：愛德華,你打得好。但我不知道你彈鋼琴。所談論的是指過去行為，故用過去式。15.（09山東）15. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 【解析】C本題考查主謂一致和時態(tài)，主語是 the n

12、umber故謂語動詞用單數(shù)，又因時間狀語是since 1997所以用完成時態(tài)。16.（09山東）16. I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _. A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened 【解析】B本題考查具體語境中的時態(tài)，后一句隱藏的時間狀語是at the time.【專題突破】動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)做題技巧如下：1. 根據(jù)題干中的時間標志詞選擇時態(tài)動詞時態(tài)須與句中時間狀語一致。高考題常在題干中加入具體情景,以測試考生對動詞時態(tài)知識的實際運用能力

13、。因此敏銳捕捉時間標志詞,并結合具體的語境,選擇出正確的動詞時態(tài)。2. 根據(jù)主從句時態(tài)呼應的原則選擇時態(tài)近年來的高考試題一般不再單純考查主從句的時態(tài)呼應,而是將其放在真實的并且符合實際的語境中進行考查,也會結合強調結構等其它語法現(xiàn)象進行考查。 考生在根據(jù)時態(tài)呼應原則解題時,要把握好以下幾點：在時間、條件等狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示一般將來時態(tài),一般過去時態(tài)表示過去將來時態(tài),用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)表示將來完成時態(tài)。 正確認定主句動詞及從句動詞兩個動作發(fā)生的時間,并認真體會命題者所給出的語境。 解答賓語從句與主句時態(tài)呼應題時,考生應熟知以下規(guī)則: 如果主句動詞為現(xiàn)在時態(tài),則從句動詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時

14、態(tài)，如果主句動詞為過去時態(tài),則從句動詞須用合適的過去的某種時態(tài)(表示客觀真理時使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài))。3. 根據(jù)具體的語言環(huán)境選擇時態(tài)近年來高考試題對時態(tài)考查的要求越來越高,大部分試題趨向情境化、實際化?？忌蹲叫畔?理解情境,綜合運用,靈活答題。1So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen2Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ toda

15、y. Aarent; are Barent; were Cwerent; are Dwerent; were 3They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ on it as no good results have come out so far. Ahad been working; are still working Bhad worked; were still working Chave worked; were still working Dhave worked; are

16、still working4The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. Achange Bhas changed Cchanging Dhave changed5With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. Ais washing away Bis being washed away Care washing away Dare being washed away6-_David and Vicky _married? -

17、For about three yearsAHow long were；being BHow long have；gotCHow long have；been DHow long did；get7When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. Astarted; had already hidden Bhad started; had already hiddenChad started; was hiding Dwas starting; hid8If their mark

18、eting plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. have been increasingC. have increased D. would be increasing9They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ on it as no good results have come out so far. Ahad been working; are still working Bhad

19、 worked; were still working Chave worked; were still working Dhave worked; are still working10As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. Ayou will come Bwill you come Cyou come Ddo you come11We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years.A. k

20、new B. have known C. had known D. know12I got caught in the rain and my suit_.A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined13 The heros story differently in the newspapers.Awas reported Bwas reporting Creports Dreported14Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school, bu

21、t she hasnt decided yet. Ahad considered Bhas been considering Cconsidered Dis going to consider 參考答案及解析1.【解析】D 根據(jù)時間狀語so far可知道用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選D2.【解析】C本題考查時態(tài)。由第二個空后的時間狀語today可知第二個空應使用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，故淘汰B、D兩項，又因為句子內容是在不同時期的continents的位置進行對比，因此，應選擇C項。 3.【解析】A 此題考查的是時態(tài)問題。從before引導的從句中的過去時態(tài)可知主句的時態(tài)應為過去完成時。故排除C、D。now一詞提示用現(xiàn)

22、在進行時，表示“他們一直工作了一周”，強調動作的連續(xù)。4.【解析】B句中有since引導時間狀語，這說明主句應為完成時，淘汰A、C。又因主語life為單數(shù)，淘汰D項，故選B。5.【解析】D句意為“隨著更多森林被毀，每年有許多良田被沖”。本題考查主謂一致及被動語態(tài)問題。a large quantity of /large quantities of 后既可以加不可數(shù)名詞也可以加復數(shù)名詞，其謂語動詞與quantity的數(shù)保持一致。6.【解析】C 從答語For about three years判斷，該題問的是動作持續(xù)了多久，用現(xiàn)在完成時，排除A、D選項。get married強調的是結婚這一動作，

23、不能延續(xù)，排除B。be married表示已婚的狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)。7.【解析】A此題考查的是時態(tài)問題。此題句意為“當老人開始往家走時，太陽已經下山了”。太陽落山的動作發(fā)生在開始往家走之前，即從句用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時。故選A。 8.【解析】A 在條件狀語從句（if，as long as，even if）、時間狀語從句（when，until，before，the moment）中往往用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。 9.【解析】A 此題考查的是時態(tài)問題。從before引導的從句中的過去時態(tài)可知主句的時態(tài)應為過去完成時。故排除C、D。now一詞提示用現(xiàn)在進行時，表示“他們一直工作了一周”，強調動作的連

24、續(xù)。10.【解析】A本題考查賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。根據(jù)賓語從句應使用陳述語序，淘汰B、D兩項，又因為賓語從句come和see發(fā)生的時間為將來的動作就直接選用將來時態(tài)。只有在狀語從句中才可以用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作，而賓語從句中不可，因此淘汰C。11.【解析】C用過去完成時，有過去時間2000，表達過去的過去。12.【解析】C在句子的情景中,表示“淋雨造成的結果”。故選C13.【解析】A句意為“那位英雄的故事與在報紙上報道的不一樣”。根據(jù)句意可判斷英雄的事跡被報道為過去的事，所以用過去時的某個語態(tài)，排除C項；B、D兩項為主動語態(tài)，不符合題干要求。14.【解析】B 根據(jù)所提供的情景but she

25、 hasnt decided yet 說明了Lucy還在考慮這件事，要用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示動作還在繼續(xù)?！緦W法導航】考生在復習備考中要掌握基本、牢記特殊、分析結構、理解語境。綜觀近年來的高考單項填空題,動詞成為考查的熱點,在15個單項選擇中，考查動詞時態(tài)的題一般不少于2道，動詞的時態(tài)常和語態(tài)、主謂一致結合在一起進行考查。然而,英語時態(tài)多16種,常用的也有8種之多,且近幾年的高考在考查時態(tài)時,形式靈活多樣,多體現(xiàn)在上下文語境中,且融多個考點于一題,這樣無形中增加了試題的難度。其實，分析近幾年的時態(tài)語態(tài)題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其命題的三個角度：一是直接給定時間狀語，考生可直接根據(jù)所給時間狀語作出選擇；二

26、是給定時間狀語，但所給時間狀語有著較強的干擾性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時間狀語進行選擇；三是題干中不提供任何時間狀語，而給出一個上下文情景或一個結構較為復雜的句子，考生必須仔細分析語境，才能作出判斷并選擇最佳答案。考生應對的策略是：1.捕捉信息,理解情境,綜合運用,靈活答題。答題時，研讀題干，搜索出盡可能多的“時間參考信息”，如：havent said, was doing等，這些表達中都含有時間信息，發(fā)現(xiàn)和有效利用這些信息是解決問題的關鍵。2.要求考生解決時態(tài)和語態(tài)問題，要遵循如下解題思路： 這個動作可能發(fā)生在什么時間？題干句中可參照的時間信息有那些？ 這個動作處于什么時態(tài)，是進行中，還是

27、已經結束（完成）？限制或修飾這個動作的狀語信息有哪些？ 這個動作與主語的關系，是主動還是被動？只要全面細致地考慮了這些問題的答案，試題的正確答案也就水落石出了?！緦ｎ}綜合】1.The number of people, who have access to their own cars, _sharply in the past decadeArose Bis rising Chave risen Dhas risen2一I like British culture very much，and I once went to London. 一How long _ there?A.did you

28、 stay Bhave you stayed Cwere you staying Dhad you stayed3.If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it_all day.Arained Brains Chas rained Dis raining4. This kind of cloth _ well. I think it is worthy _.A. washes; buying B. is washed; buying C. washes; to be bought D. is washed;

29、 to be bought5. I would have come earlier，but I _that you were waitingAdidnt know Bhadnt known Cwouldnt know Dhavent know6.John and Lucia got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? No, I_ a lecture in another city.Agave Bhave given Chad given Dwas giving7. The professor, as well as his wife

30、，_see a film tonightAis Bis going to Care going to Dhave gone to8. How dangerous it was！Yes，but for the passer-bys quick action, the girl _ . Awas drowned Bwould have been drowned C had drowned Dshould be drowned9. Every day the boy, together with his classmates, _ to go to the playground and _ foot

31、ball, _ themselves.A. are noticed; play; enjoying B. is noticed; plays; enjoyingC. are noticed; plays; enjoys D. is noticed; play; enjoying 10. Next time you _here，lets have lunch together Awill be Bare Chave been Dwere 11. It seems water _ from this tap for some time. Well have to take it apart to

32、put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking12. Dont you feel surprised to see Bruce at the meeting?Yes. I really didnt think she _ here. A. has been B. had been C. would be D. would have been13. Our team was ahead during the first half, but we _ in the last ten minutes.A.

33、 had lost B. would lose C. were losing D. lost14. Look! How long _ like this? Three weeks! Its usual here that rain _ without stopping these days of the year.A. has it rained; pours B. has it been raining; poursC. is it raining; is pouring D. does it rain; pours15. Can I help you, Madam? No, thanks.

34、 I_. A. have just looked around B. just look around C. just looked around D. am just looking around16. I havent seen you for ages. Where have you been? I _ on leave in Europe. A. have been B. am C. was D. had been17. Have you heard from Janet recently? No, but I _ her over Christmas. A. saw B. will

35、be seeing C. have seenD. have been seeing18. Tom came back home the day before yesterday. Really? Where _ at all?A. had he been B. has he been C. had he goneD. has he gone19. Whats the matter? You look worried and restless. Oh, nothing really serious. As a matter of fact, I _ of my graduation thesis

36、. I have to hand it in soon.A. am just thinkingB. just thought C. have just thought D. was just thinking20. Why? Where is the key to the sound lab? Dear me! You _ it in the taxi！A. have never leftB. never left C. havent leftD. didnt leave21. What were you up to when she dropped in? I _ for a while a

37、nd _ some reading.A. was playing; was going to do B. played; didC. had played; was going to do D. had played; did22. My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it.A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed參考答案及解析1.【解析】D in the past years通常和完成時連用，排除A 和B；由The number of peopl

38、e可知應用單數(shù)形式，因此排除C。2.【解析】A 又”and I once went to London” 可知是對過去事情的陳述，因此應用一般過去時，意思是：你那時在那呆了多長時間？3.【解析】A If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic.此句是對過去事情的假設，但事實上下了一天雨，根據(jù)句意，最后一句應用一般過去時，表示對過去事實的陳述。4.【解析】C動詞wash 一般用主動形式表示被動意義，排除B和 D兩項；be worthy to do sth值得做某事，固定搭配，因此選C。5.【解析】A I would have

39、 come earlier這句是對過去事情的假設，后半句是對過去事情的陳述，強調剛才我不知道你們在等待，事實上現(xiàn)在已經知道了，因此應用一般過去時。6.【解析】D last week可知事情發(fā)生在過去，Did you go to their wedding? 是對過去事情的提問，回答也應用過去時，排除選項B。根據(jù)題意，強調上周John 和 Lucia結婚時我正在另外一個城市演講，應用過去進行時，因此選D。7.【解析】B由tonight 這個時間狀語可知應用一般將來時態(tài)，排除A D兩項；根據(jù)主謂一致，這個句子的主語是The professor，謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式，因此答案為B。8.【解析】B句意：要不是過路者的迅速行動，那個女孩有可能會溺水。這是對過去事情的假設，應用虛擬語氣，主句部分吧時態(tài)應用情態(tài)動詞+ have done 這種形式，根據(jù)據(jù)以，應用被動語態(tài)，因此選B9.【解析】D 這句話的主語是the boy, 因此第一個空應用單數(shù)形式，排除選項A 和C；play football和go to the playground為并列短語，跟在不定式to 的后面，因此排除B。10【解析】B 本題考查時態(tài)的用法。在時間、條件狀語從句中，從