非限制性定語從句講解及8大考點

1、非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句也是定語從句的一種，在高中語法知識中它也是非常重要的一項的，老師們對于非限定性定語從句的講解也是非常重視的。因為在考試中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)該從句的講解，下面大家就跟隨小編一起來了解該從句的講解。說到非限定性定語從句的講解，還要分成不同的部分，首先大家要知道就得就是該從句的作用是什么。其實它在句子中是一個獨立的成分，不會受到主句的限制，把從句去掉之后，主句仍然是成立的。這也是為什么它會叫做非限定性定語從句。其次，大家要了解該從句的形式：非限制性定語從句與先行詞以及主句之間的關(guān)系不甚緊密，因而通常要用逗號與主句分隔開。例如：Have you seen the film Ti

2、tanic, whose leading actor is world famous?你看過“泰坦尼克號”這部電影嗎?它的男主演可是世界聞名的。My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.我有位朋友，他一輩子服務(wù)于國際奧林匹克委員會，下個月就要退休了。在非限制性定語從句也分成不同的種類，在不同情況下，該從句的使用方法也是不一樣的，在考試中經(jīng)常會考察大家對于該從句不同類型的運用。如果大家不能很好的掌握這些用法，在考試的時候就一定會丟分了，

3、下面就是關(guān)于該從句不同類型的介紹：(1) who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我們的向?qū)В粋€法裔加拿大人，擅長于烹調(diào)。My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.我家的園丁非常悲觀，他說今年將不結(jié)蘋果。(2) whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞whom用于指人，在句中作動詞賓語和介詞賓語，作介詞賓語時，介詞可位于句末。如：Peter, whom you met in

4、London, is now back in Paris.彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了，你在倫敦見過他。Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科學家，我從他那兒學了許多東西。(3) whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，在從句中作定語。whose通常指人，也可指動物或無生命的事物。如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩學習很努力，他的父親是位工程師。Above the trees

5、 are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在樹林的高處是山，其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.這劇本是那個時期的典型作品，風格拘謹刻板。(4) which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語從句中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語、其他從句或整個主句，在從句中作主語、動詞賓語、介詞賓語或表語。 which指代主句中的名

6、詞，被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的，還沒有結(jié)過果實。She is an artist，which I am not.她是一位藝術(shù)家，而我不是。Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一種清澈的液體，有許多用途。The two policemen were completely trusted，which i

7、n fact they were.那兩個警察完全受到信任，事實上，也真是如此。 which指代主句中的形容詞。如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.她對孩子們很耐心，她丈夫卻很少這樣。She is always careless，which we should not be. 她總是馬虎大意，我們可不應(yīng)該這樣。 which指代主句中的某個從句。如：He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.他說以前從沒見過她，

8、這不是真的。 which指代整個主句。如：In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有點緊張，這是可以理解的。He may have acute appendicitis，in which case he will have to be operated on.他可能得了急性盲腸炎，如果是這樣，他就得動手術(shù)。When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eati

9、ng and sleeping. 他經(jīng)常聚精會神地工作，這時他會廢寢忘食。(5) when引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語，指代主句中表示時間的詞語。如：He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他將把郊游推遲到5月1號，那時他將有空。(6) where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句關(guān)系副詞where在非限制性定語從句中作地點狀語，指代主句中表示地點的詞語。如：They went to London，where they lived for six months.他們?nèi)チ藗惗?，在那?/p>

10、呆了六個月的時間。They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held.他們昨天抵達那里, 有一個關(guān)于銷售的談判在那兒舉行。(7) as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句as引出非限定性定語從句時，代替整個主句，對其進行說明但通常用于像as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as i

11、s reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語，且引出的從句位置比較靈活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號將其與主句隔開。as有“正如， 就像”之意。 如：As it known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.美國人都知道，馬克?吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。(as在從句中作主語)He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case. 他忘了帶筆，這是常事。(as在從句中

12、作主語)He is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神貫注地工作，他過去經(jīng)常這樣。(as在從句中作表語)Boy as he was， he was chosen king. 他雖是孩子，卻被選為國王。(as在從句中作表語)as we all know, the earth is round.眾所周知，地球是圓的。 (as在從句中作賓語)The two brothers were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed beforehand.兩兄弟對此決定都滿意，這項決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。(as在

13、從句中作主語)Taiwan is，as you know，an inseparable part of China.你知道，臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分。(as在從句中作賓語)(8)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在介詞后引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系代詞which有時并不代表主句中某一確定的詞，而是概括整個主句的意思。介詞的選擇取決于它與先行詞的搭配或與從句中謂語動詞的搭配。They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines，without which the yield would be halved. 他們?nèi)贝?/p>

14、葡萄架的桿兒，沒有它們產(chǎn)量會減少一半。They thanked Tom，without whose support they would not have succeeded.這些鄰居是北京來的，昨天我被介紹同他們認識了。(9)“名詞/代詞+of+which / whom”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句It now has 20，000 hectares of land，more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 現(xiàn)在它擁有兩萬公頃土地，其中三分之二之多已經(jīng)耕種。Light is the fast thing in the world, t

15、he speed of which is 300.000 kilometeThere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大廳里有三十把椅子，絕大部分是新的。he textile mill has over 8，000 workers and staff，eighty per cent of whom are women. 這家紡織廠有8千多職工，女職工占百分之八十。通過對該從句的講解，大家可以看出，它的種類真的是非常多，不同的詞語引導(dǎo)的從句用法都是不同的，大家要學會區(qū)分不同用法所表示的含義。雖然該從句在選擇題中考察的非

16、常多，但是大家在閱讀題中也會看見這樣的從句，所以說，大家學習語法知識并不只是為了語法的題目，它對于大家整個英語水平的提升都是非常有幫助的。除此之外大家還要注意一些非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的特殊情況：1.非限制性定語從句不可用that引導(dǎo)， 在非限制性定語從句中用who(作主語) / whom(作賓語)指人，用which(作主語 / 賓語)指物， 用whose作定語(指人 / 物)。例如：The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.這位試圖打反擊的著名籃球明星吸引了眾人

17、的關(guān)注。The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.這部電影很有教育意義， 它的導(dǎo)演是位老人。2.關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時不可省略，若指人時，只用whom，不用who。例如：York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.我去年訪問過的約克是個古老而美麗的城市。Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.請把這本書交給杰西卡，就是剛才我們在大廳里遇到的那位。3.非限

18、制性定語從句不可用why引導(dǎo)， 需用for which替代why。例如：None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.我們沒有一個人接受他所解釋的缺席的理由。以上的內(nèi)容就是小編給大家總結(jié)的非限制性定語從句的講解，希望能夠在大家學習語法的過程中對大家有所幫助。任何一個小的語法在英語考試中都是非常重要的，常見的語法考察的內(nèi)容就是單選，完形和改錯這幾個題目，所以對于語法考察的內(nèi)容所占的比例也是不小的，所以大家一定要重視。非限制性定語從句的八類考點 湖南 陳根花 考點一 考查非限制性定語從句的基本用法非限制性定

19、語從句的基本用法指的是定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，通常置于主句之后，但有時也置于主句中間或主句之前（僅限于as引導(dǎo)的定語從句）。如：His best movie, which won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi. 他的最佳影片，就是榮獲幾項獎的那部，是關(guān)于甘地生平的。The train, which takes only two hours to get there, is quicker than the bus, which takes three. 坐火車去那兒要比坐汽車快，坐火車只要2小時，而坐汽車要3小時。Anywa

20、y, that evening, which Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. 不管怎樣，那個晚上我最后待在了雷切爾那里，我以后會告訴你更多那晚的情況。The house, which was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble staircase. 這座房子建于1856年，以巨大的大理石樓梯聞名。 People threw coins onto the stage, as was the custom. 人們向舞臺上扔錢幣，這是

21、他們的習俗?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（答案為CA）1. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all. (2012陜西卷)A. that B. whereC. whichD. what2. By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. (2012江西卷)A. whichB. whenC. whatD. that 考點二 考查分離型非限制性定語從句所謂分離型非限制性定語從句，指的是引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系

22、詞與它所引導(dǎo)的定語從句被其他一些詞語（如插入語等）隔開，從而造成關(guān)系詞與定語從句的分離。如：Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. 海倫對她的小兒子要比對其他的兒子好，這使得其他的兒子很嫉妒他。The higher the interest rate, the greater the financial risk, which, of course, cuts both ways. 利率越高，金融風險就越大，這當然是個有利有

23、弊的事。There are those, you know, who, by circumstance, end up homeless. 您知道，會有那么一些人，因為命運捉弄而落得無家可歸?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（答案為BB）1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. (2012浙江卷)A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom2. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to

24、the others, _, of course, made all the others upset. (2011北京卷)A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that 考點三 考查具有同位關(guān)系的非限制性定語從句所謂“同位型”，主要指“用作同位語的不定代詞+of which”這類結(jié)構(gòu)。其中用作同位語的不定代詞主要包括all, any, each, both, either, neither, none等。如：They produced two reports, neither of which contained any useful suggestions. 他們作了兩個報告，都

25、沒有什么有用的建議。The machines, each of which is perhaps five feet in diameter, are not the largest devices in the room. 這些機器每臺直徑大約5英尺，它們并不是這間屋里最大的設(shè)備。He has a shelf full of things, each of which has associations for him. 他的一個擱架上擺滿了東西，每一樣都能勾起他許多回憶。He devotes most of hid words to two topics: money and health,

26、 each of which he seemed to lack in equal measure. 他用大部分篇幅論述兩個論題，即金錢和健康，而這兩樣他都同樣缺乏。【真題再現(xiàn)】（答案為CA）1. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television. (2012山東卷)A. themB. that C. which D. what2. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat d

27、ifferently. (2011浙江卷)A. whichB. whatC. themD. those 類型四 考查含有整體與部分關(guān)系的非限制性定語從句所謂“部分型”，主要指“先行詞這個整體中的一部分+of which / whom”這類結(jié)構(gòu)（其中的of表示整體與部分的關(guān)系）。這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的“部分”可以是基數(shù)詞one, two, three, four等，可以是序數(shù)詞the first, the second, the third等（包括the last），可以是分數(shù)詞a third, two thirds等，可以是表示數(shù)量意義的不定代詞some, many, half, most, sever

28、al, a few 等，可以是比較級或最高級（如the bigger, the biggest等），等等。如：There are two (bottles) left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩兩瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶沒完全喝完。I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我買了一打雞蛋，六個在我失手掉了盒子時摔碎了。There were a lot of computers at the

29、 exhibition, any (one) of which would have suited me perfectly. 展覽會上有很多電腦，無論哪一種都會非常適合我用。I was given three books on cooking, the first of which I really enjoyed. 有人給我三本關(guān)于烹飪的書，其中的第一本我特別喜歡。注意，“表示整體中一部分的詞語+of which / whom”有時也可說成“of which / whom +表示整體中一部分的詞語”。如：There were 500 passengers, 121 of whom drow

30、ned.=There were 500 passengers, of whom 121 drowned. 共有500位乘客，其中有121人被淹死了?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（答案為CA）1. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. (2012四川卷)A. in whomB. in themC. of whomD. of them2. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life i

31、n the city. (2010浙江卷)A. whomB. whichC. themD. those 類型五 考查含所有關(guān)系的非限制性定語從句所謂“所有型”，主要指在“名詞+of which / whom”這類結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞of表示所有關(guān)系，如 the price of the vase，假若在出題語境中the vase用作了先行詞，那么該結(jié)構(gòu)就會變?yōu)閠he price of which。如：In 1980 he caught a serious illness the effects of which he still suffers from. 1980年他患了到現(xiàn)在對他仍有影響的重病。T

32、he factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes. 該工廠使用了65%的原材料，其余的原材料被節(jié)省下來用作其他用途?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（答案為CD）1. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. (2011江西卷)A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which2.

33、The newly built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江蘇卷)A. thatB. itC. whatD. which類型六 考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句中，要特別注意正確選用其中的介詞這個介詞既可能與先行詞的搭配習慣有關(guān)，也可能與定語從句中的某個名詞、動詞或形容詞等的搭配習慣有關(guān)。如：The Tower of London, in whi

34、ch so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction. 在倫敦塔中曾有許多人喪命，它現(xiàn)在是旅游勝地。（注意搭配in the Tower of London）Eric received training in computer for one year, after which he found a job in a big company. 埃里克接受了為期一年的計算機培訓(xùn)，這之后他在一家大公司里找到一份工作。（注意搭配after he received training in computer for one year

35、）The Acme Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened four new branches. 我們公司與之打了好幾年交道的艾科米旅行社開設(shè)了四個新的分社。（注意搭配deal with the Acme Travel Agency）【真題再現(xiàn)】（答案為BD）1.100 is the temperature _ which water will boil. (2012全國卷II)A. for B. at C. on D. of2. Care of the soul

36、is a gradual process, _ even the small details of life should be considered. (2012湖南卷)A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 類型七 考查關(guān)系代詞作定語的非限制性定語從句能用于名詞前作定語的關(guān)系代詞通常只有兩個whose和which。它們的區(qū)別是：which用作定語時，其意義相當于指示代詞this或that；whose用作定語時，其意義相當于物主代詞（ones）或所有格結(jié)構(gòu)（theof）。如：The postman comes at 6.30 in the morning, at which time I am usually fast asleep. 郵遞員早晨6點30分來，這個時候我通常還