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1、高中語法虛擬語氣教學(xué)設(shè)計教學(xué)策略方法及學(xué)法 1)以學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)為中心,結(jié)合我校的“目標(biāo)體驗(yàn)教學(xué)模式”,運(yùn)用歸納教學(xué)法,通過開展多個自主學(xué)習(xí)、合作學(xué)習(xí)與探究學(xué)習(xí)的小組學(xué)習(xí)活動,在活動中滲透分層教學(xué),關(guān)注每一個學(xué)生的情感等開展教學(xué)活動2)聲情并茂,創(chuàng)造情景,啟發(fā)誘導(dǎo) 。具體步驟:1、 示范游戲第一輪。值日報告、現(xiàn)場評論完畢,我面帶笑容說,Lets play a game !讓學(xué)生自動上來。居然一來就5位。站成一排。指令1:Well speak English here.It doesnt matter if you speak slowly.But you have to speak clearl
2、y and loudly.指令2(向全體):Listen carefully. If you were him or her,what would you say?Give help if necessary.就緒,我進(jìn)入狀態(tài),做異想天開狀,say:I want to have a car,示意挨我而立的S1接下去說,悄悄提示:What would happen if I had a car?S1:If you had a car,you would have a car accident.S2:If you had a car accident,you would have to be se
3、nt to hospital.S3:If you were sent to hospital,we would go to see you.S5:If we took along some fruit,you would be happy.I:If I we were happy,I would recover soon.掌聲2示范游戲第二輪。第二批,上來6位。我告之,現(xiàn)在的句子要跟剛才的有所不同。我做嚴(yán)肅狀。A fire broke out in my village last night. 示意挨我而立的S1接下去說,悄悄提示:What would have happened if the
4、 fire had nt broken out ?S1:If the fire hadnt broken out, I wouldnt have called 119.S2:If you hadnt called 119,the firemen wouldnt have come.S3:If the firemen hadnt come,the fire wouldnt have been put out.S4:If the fire hadnt been put out ,the firemen wouldnt have left.S5;If the firemen had left,the
5、 fire would have broken out again .S6:If the fire had happened again,the firemen would have come again.I:I wish it were all not true!哄堂大笑。掌聲3板書:If sb. did sth,sth. would happen.(for the present)If sb. had done sth.,sth would have happened.(for the past)4.小組活動。自由組合,play the game.指令:Make sure you play
6、 two different ones,using these on Bb.各個興致盎然地說著。我環(huán)繞四周,聆聽他們的語言。二十分鐘后Game over.問全體:Were you speaking English?Were you using subjunctive mood?大聲齊答:Yes!5歸納總結(jié),布置作業(yè):write two short passages,using the given situations:If I were not a studentIf I hadnt attended the lecture last Wednesday說明一:游戲示范時上臺的學(xué)生接龍句子遇到
7、困難,向同學(xué)求助,在得來的句子上進(jìn)一步接龍,不對不罷休。習(xí)得語言并運(yùn)用語言,嘗到成功的快樂。說明二:全體學(xué)生動起來,不僅開口說 ,而且用body language.每位同學(xué)用雙手兩個大拇指,遇到從句和主句謂語結(jié)構(gòu)都說對的,Two thumbs up! 說一半對的One thumb up ,one down. 互相激勵,互相學(xué)習(xí),直到說出的句子準(zhǔn)確。說明三:本節(jié)課教學(xué)任務(wù)按時完成,語法重點(diǎn)突出。寫能及時跟上。輕松愉快,水到渠成。虛擬語氣語法詳細(xì)講解:1)虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想,所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語氣在條件句中應(yīng)用比較多。2)條件句可分為兩類,一類為
8、真實(shí)條件句,一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況,故采用虛擬語氣。1 真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣,假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生。各種結(jié)構(gòu)參見下表:句型 條件從句 主句一般現(xiàn)在時 shall/will + 動詞原形祈使句情態(tài)動詞一般現(xiàn)在時例如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他來,會帶小提琴來的。 典型例題: The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時,從句用一般
9、現(xiàn)在時。注意:1)在真實(shí)條件句中,主句不能用be going to表示將來,該用shall, will. (錯) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (對) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2)表示真理時,主句謂語動詞不用shall (will) +動詞原形,而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時的動詞形式。2 非真實(shí)條件句1)虛擬語氣可以表示過去,現(xiàn)在和將來的情況,時態(tài)的基本特點(diǎn)是時態(tài)往后推移。a. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)條件從句 主句一般過去時(be用were) should(would)等
10、 +動詞原形例如:If they were here, they would help you. 如果他們在這兒,會幫助你的。含義:They are not here, they cant help you.b. 與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)條件從句 主句過去完成時 should(would)等+ have+ 過去分詞例如:If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天來的話,我會把這件事告訴他的。 含義:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him ab
11、out it.c. 表示對將來不大可能發(fā)生的事情的假想條件從句 主句一般過去時 should/would等 + 動詞原形were+ 不定式should+ 動詞原形例如:If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你將來成功了,一切都會好的。 If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.含義:You are not likely to succeed, everythin
12、g will be what it is now.3 混合條件句有時,主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間,主句從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同,這種條件句叫做混合條件句。例如:If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天問過他,今天就知道做什么了。 (從句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)If it had rained last night(過去), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn)在).如果昨晚下過雨,今天就會很冷了。4 虛擬條件句的倒裝虛擬條件句的從句部分含
13、有were, should, 或had時, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到從句的句首,實(shí)行倒裝。例如: Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他們現(xiàn)在在的話,就會幫助我們了。 Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你來得早一點(diǎn),就碰到他了。 Should it rain, the crops w
14、ould be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,莊稼就有救了。注意:在虛擬語氣的從句中,動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用were,不用was,即在從句中be用were代替。例如: If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就會去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在這兒,一切都會好的。典型例題 _ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. I
15、f were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I答案C. 在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三個詞,通常將if省略,主語提前, 變成 were, should, had +主語的形式。但要注意,在虛擬條件狀語從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do, 而不能說 Werent I to do。5 特殊的虛擬語氣詞should1)在主語從句中的應(yīng)用It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句,謂語動詞用should 加動詞原形,should
16、 可省略。It is 可用的詞有三類 that (should)dosuggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等a pity, a shame, no wonder等2)在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞后面的從句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (shoul
17、d) do等。例如:I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建議下周召開個會議。 He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那兒去。 注意:如suggest, insist不表示建議 或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時,即它們用于其本意暗示、表明、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時,賓語從句用陳述語氣。 判斷改錯: (錯) You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.(對) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (
18、錯) I insisted that you(should)be wrong. (對) I insisted that you were wrong.3)在表語從句,同位語從句中的應(yīng)用suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,即(should)+動詞原形。例如: My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是讓更多的人來參加會議。 I make a proposal that we(should)h
19、old a meeting next week.我提了個建議,下周我們開個會。6 wish的用法1)wish后面的從句,表示與事實(shí)相反的情況,或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語從句的動詞形式為:主句 從句從句動作先于主句動詞動作(be的過去式為 were)現(xiàn)在時 過去時從句動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生(had + 過去分詞) 過去時 過去完成時將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 將來時 would/could +動詞原形例如:I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒講過那樣的話。 I wish it w
20、ould rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2)wish to do;wish sb / sth to do。例如: I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望見一見經(jīng)理。 I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)我希望經(jīng)理能馬上得到消息。7 比較if only與only ifonly if表示只有;if only則表示如果就好了。If only也可用于陳述語氣。例
21、如:I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有鬧鐘響了,我才會醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.當(dāng)時鬧鐘響就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早點(diǎn)回來。8 It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 后面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用should加動詞原形,但should不可省略。例如: It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子們該睡覺了。 It is high time that the chil
22、dren should go to bed.9 need 不必做和本不必做 didnt need to do表示過去不必做某事, 事實(shí)上也沒做。 neednt have done表示過去不必做某事, 但事實(shí)上做了。例如:John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home.約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她不必步行回家了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked b
23、ack home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家了,沒有遇上John的車。)典型例題 There was plenty of time. She _.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried 答案D。neednt have done. 意為本不必,即已經(jīng)做了某事,而時實(shí)際上不必要。 Mustnt have done 用法不正確,對過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行否定性推斷應(yīng)為couldnt have done, 不可能已經(jīng)。 must not
24、 do 不可以(用于一般現(xiàn)在時)。同步練習(xí)一單項(xiàng)選擇1What would have happened _?A. if Bob has walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther2. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you_ so tired.A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had dri
25、ven; wouldnt have got3. It is surprising that he _ at the meeting.A. was B. be C. is D. were4. Li Ping and I are going to Shanghai this week. If _ my job, Id come with you.A. there werent B. there werent forC. it werent D. it werent for5. How do you like the books? Oh, they are wonderful. People her
26、e think _ of the books.A. a number B. a great many C. a great deal D. a plenty6. Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well. Its no _ he always gets the first place in any examination.A. question B. doubt C. problem D. wonder7. Being able to speak another language fluently is a great _ when your
27、e looking for a job.A. chance B. importance C. assistant D. advantage8. I planned _ to see you last week, but I was ill.A. to have come B. to come C. to be coming D. to have been coming9. _ all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded.A. What; what B. that; what C. what; that D. that; t
28、hat10. Last term our maths teacher set so difficult examination problems _ none of us worked out.A. that B. as C. so that D. which11. Has Tommy finished his homework?I have no idea. He _it this morning.A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did12. If you keep on, youll succeed _. Wish you success in the examinations.A. in time B. at one time C. for the same ti
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