英漢植物詞匯對比分析ppt課件

1、A Contrastive Study of Plant Words in Chinese and English Cultures,-黃小沛 李萌 呂含,Contents,Part 1: Definitions Part 2: associative overlap A contrastive study associative mismatch associative meaning null Part 3 Causes of the similarities and differences Part 4 References,Definitions,The associative mea

2、ning(connotative meaning) refers to the emotional association which a word or a phrase suggests in ones mind; it is the supplementary value which is added to the purely denotative meaning of a word.,Part 2 Associative Overlap,The associative overlap means that two different words are identical with

3、each other both in denotation and connotation, this is surely a semantic coincidence. Examples: 桂樹And Laurel 桃And Peach 草And Grass,桂樹and laurel,Part 2 Associative Overlap,1.桂樹和laurel 榮譽(yù)和成功的象征（a sign of honor) C： 桂冠(laurel wreath)：古人用桂枝編冠戴飾 蟾宮折桂(win the laurels in civil examination): 中國封建社會舉人若考中了狀元,

4、喻指奪得第一名 E：laurel wreath：桂冠 poet laureate：桂冠詩人 gain/win ones laurels: 贏得榮譽(yù) look to one s laurels :小心翼翼地保持榮譽(yù) rest on one s laurels :躺在過去的榮譽(yù)中睡大覺,桃and peach,Part 2 Associative Overlap,2. 桃花和peach 形容女性白里透紅的膚色(peachy complexion) C：桃腮粉臉：女子的臉龐 一杯竹葉穿腸過, 兩朵桃花臉上來 兩彎眉似遠(yuǎn)山青, 一泓清潭秋水潤, 面似桃花, 齒如排玉 警世通言 E： peachy che

5、eks She has a beautiful peachy complexion. 她的膚色白里透紅，像桃子一樣，十分好看。,Part 2 Associative Overlap,指代青春妙齡少女(beautiful young girls) C: 山桃紅花滿上頭, 蜀江春水拍岸流?；t易衰似郎意, 水流無限似儂愁。 劉禹錫竹枝詞 桃之夭夭，灼灼其華。 詩經(jīng) E： She is really a peach. 她的確是個美人。 美好的事物 C：世外桃源: land of idyllic beauty E：a peach of a room: 漂亮的房間 The hotel was a pea

6、ch. 這家旅館因經(jīng)營有方而聞名。,草and grass,Part 2 Associative Overlap,3. 草和grass 眾多，默默無聞(numerous,unconspicuous) 地位低賤(unimportant, low status) C：草民：grass roots 草木皆兵： a state of extreme nervousness 草菅人命：act as if human life is not worth a straw E： grass roots,The Associative Mismatch,Definition: refers to the conn

7、otative conflict between two words though similiar in surface meaning to each other . Example: 紅豆And Red Bean 蓮（荷）And Lotus 百合And Lily,紅豆And Red Bean,“相思子圓而紅，昔日有人歿于邊，其妻思之，哭于樹下而卒，因以名之?！?古今詩話李裕民,紅豆And Red Bean,C: love, miss, friendship “滴不盡相思血淚拋紅豆，開不完春柳春花滿畫樓。” 紅樓夢曹雪芹 “紅豆生南國，春來發(fā)幾枝？愿君多采擷，此物最相思?！?相思王維,紅豆

8、And Red Bean,E: stupidity, shortsightedness Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentiles; and he did eat and drink, and rose up, and went his way: thus Esau despised his birthright. Holy Bible red bean stew sell ones birthright for some red bean stew （為了眼前的微小利益而出賣原則，見利忘義，因小失大）,蓮（荷）And Lotus,蓮（

9、荷）And Lotus,C: uprightness, purity, romantic image, love, womens feet “予獨(dú)愛蓮之出淤泥而不染，濯清漣而不妖，中通外直，不蔓不枝，香遠(yuǎn)益清，亭亭凈植，可遠(yuǎn)觀而不可褻玩焉?！?愛蓮說周敦頤 “畢竟西湖六月中，風(fēng)光不與四時同。 接天蓮葉無窮碧，映日荷花別樣紅。” 曉出凈慈寺送林子方楊萬里,蓮（荷）And Lotus,“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕飾?！?經(jīng)亂離后天恩流夜郎憶舊游書懷贈江夏韋太守良宰李白 喜爆聲聲佳賓共慶雙飛燕，和風(fēng)陣陣麗日常煦并蒂蓮 三寸金蓮 步步生蓮,蓮（荷）And Lotus,E: something that ca

10、n make people forget tiredness, toil, worry, sadness This plant had such a magic effect on its eaters that it could make them forget their past and produce a dreamy laziness over them. They lost all wishes for future,To them the sea and ship appeared dull and hateful. And they were not eager to see

11、wife, child and kingdom. Homeric Epic,蓮（荷）And Lotus,lotus eater(貪圖安逸，渾噩度日的人) lotus land（安逸，安逸鄉(xiāng)） “He told himself that he had conquered the distress that had sent him, a voluntary exile, to this far land of the lotus. He could never forget Ida, of course; but there was no longer any pain in thinking

12、about her.” “He had eaten of the lotus.He was happy and content in this land of perpetual afternoon.” The Lotus And The Bottle（O. Henry）,百合And Lily,百合And Lily,C: love, sweat marriage ,happiness, giving birth to a baby 百合，棗，花生，桂圓，蓮子等，寓意 百年好合，百事合心，早生貴子,百合And Lily,E: holiness, purity, fair lady , power

13、 and status , cowardliness she is lily-like in her stateliness and sweetness. 像百合花一樣莊重而甜蜜 white lily 清純白皙的少女 lilies and roses 花容月貌 gild the lily 畫蛇添足 lily-livered 懦弱的，缺乏男子氣概的男人或膽怯的人,The Associative Gap,Definition: describes that one word is rich in the associative meanings in one language and there

14、is shortage of the corresponding association in anthor language while two words resemble each other in the surface meaning . Example: 松樹And Pine 梅花 And Mume Flowers Clover And 苜蓿 Palm And 棕櫚樹,松樹And Pine,松樹And Pine,C: loftiness, uprightness, longevity “入市雖求利，憐君意獨(dú)真。欲將寒澗樹， 賣玉翠樓人。瘦葉幾經(jīng)雪，淡花應(yīng)少春。長安重桃李，徒染六街塵

15、?！?贈賣松人于武陵 “歲寒，然后知松柏之后凋也” 論語,松樹And Pine,福如東海長流水，壽比南山不老松 松齡鶴壽 E:no associative meaning,梅花 And Mume Flowers,梅花 And Mume Flowers,C: persevering , steadfastness, an omen of spring “墻角數(shù)枝梅，凌寒獨(dú)自開。遙知不是雪，為有暗香來。” 梅花 王安石 “寶劍鋒從磨礪出，梅花香自苦寒來” 警世賢文 “已是懸崖百丈冰，猶有花枝俏。俏也不爭春，只把春來報?！?詠梅毛澤東 E: no associative meaning,Clover

16、 And (苜蓿),Clover And (苜蓿),E: good luck Saint Patricks Day （愛爾蘭節(jié) ）圣巴特里克節(jié) four-leaf clover 幸運(yùn)草 be in clover 養(yǎng)尊處優(yōu)，富裕，飛黃騰達(dá) C: no associative meaning,Palm And 棕櫚樹,Palm And 棕櫚樹,E: glory, victory, superiority Palm Sunday(圣枝主日) bear/carry off the palm（獲勝、奪冠、居首位） yield the palm to（承認(rèn)輸給、承認(rèn)不如好） in sbs palm day

17、s（在某人的全盛時期） C: no associative meaning,Part Three: Causes for the similarities 充滿活力 -“days eye” as keen as mustard:極熱的,非常感興趣的 to be nut about someone:為誰而著迷,狂熱 as limp as last weeks lettuce;像上周的萵苣葉那樣軟弱無力,比喻懶散、呆滯,沒有活力。 漢： 詩經(jīng).秦風(fēng).蒹葭:“蒹葭蒼蒼,白露為霜。所謂伊人,在水一方” 。 詩歌以盧花和白露構(gòu)成的蕭瑟秋景,烘托了主人公追求意中人而不得見的憂傷、惆悵的心境。 Summar

18、y： *A brief comparison indicates People under different cultures tend to follow different thinking habits;They also differ in their asthetic taste, and their views towards plants value vary， although similarities do exist.,3.2 Causes for the similarities in the Odyssey, Homer tells of lotus-eaters w

19、ho live in dreamy indolence(好逸惡勞)原典出自“The Odyssey”，說Odysseus一行中有人在北非利比亞海岸服食了Lotos忘憂果后忘卻鄉(xiāng)國家眷，Odysseus只好把他們拖回船上綁在劃槳手的座位開船遠(yuǎn)離。 注： Odyssey ：奧德賽（古希臘史詩）,英：Apple of ones eye 意為“掌上明珠”,是說象眼珠子一樣寶貴。 原文：“keep me as the apple of the eyes,hide me under the shadow of thy wings”,（保護(hù)我就象保護(hù)眼珠，把我藏于你的習(xí)蔭下）-圣經(jīng)舊約詩篇 the appl

20、e of discord 給人帶來爭端的人或事（希臘神話希臘神話中的三位女神為爭金蘋果而讓特洛伊王子帕里斯評判誰最美,帕里斯將金蘋果獻(xiàn)給了愛與美之神,從而獲得了全世界最美的女人海倫,但卻因此引發(fā)了特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭。蘋果最終毀滅了特洛伊。） a smooth apple 討人喜歡的人； apple-polisher 擦蘋果的人/馬屁精 a wise apple 傲慢的年輕人 英： a heart of oak:忠誠、勇敢、可以依賴。 橡樹代表著堅毅、可以信賴,它是希臘神話中眾神之王宙斯的圣物。在帕薩尼亞斯時代的希臘宙斯神廟和赫拉神廟中還保留著橡木柱,因為橡木質(zhì)地堅硬。 as strong as an

21、oak An oak is not felled at one stroke. 萬事不能一蹴而就。 cursing the oak-tree when they mean the ash 指桑罵槐,漢：（多見成語，諺語,或來自于古詩詞）* 太倉一粟”一京城儲糧大倉里的一粒小米,比喻極其微小,微不足道。 拔苗助長:比喻違反事物發(fā)展的客觀規(guī)律,急于求成,反而壞事(寓言) “桑間濮上”則與春秋時流經(jīng)衛(wèi)地的濃和水邊的桑林有關(guān)。濮水之畔土地平闊,氣候溫和,桑樹遍野,男女常幽會于此。故“桑間濮上”被用來喻指男女幽會之地。 “瓜田李下”出自古樂府詩君子行:“君子防未然,不處嫌疑間,瓜田不納履,李下不整冠?！?/p>

22、喻指易產(chǎn)生嫌疑的場合。,遷蘭變鮑:比喻潛移默化。-孔子家語六本:“與善人居,如入芝蘭之室,久而不聞其香,即與之化矣;與不善人居,如入鮑魚之肆,久而不聞其臭。 potential influence 天女散花:天女散花以試菩薩和聲聞弟子的道行,花至菩薩身上即落去,至弟子身上便不落。后多形容拋灑東西或大雪紛飛的樣子。 維摩經(jīng)觀眾生品（佛教典籍）buddhism Summary： The comparison above present us with not only the similarities but also the differences of two cultures, which

23、helps define and confirm language is moulded by its culture. Language indeed is greatly influenced by its culture accumulated through thousands of years, charcterized by uniqueness and duration of each.,3.3 Causes for the similarities &differences of plant words: geographical reasons : due to differ

24、ent distributions of a certain plant, people from didferent parts of the world tend to have varied associations (聯(lián)想)of them. *Plants are associtated with words varying from place to place. 例：英 as red as a beetroot:因熱而變紅,像紅菜頭那樣（紅菜頭原產(chǎn)于地中海沿岸,是歐美各國的主要蔬菜之一）。as brown as a walnut:曬得跟胡桃那樣黑as pale as a lily:

25、呈病態(tài)的蒼白色 Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme - 芫荽，鼠尾草，迷迭香和百里香 -Scarborough Fair（斯卡布羅集市）如蕓香、迷迭香與百里香分別代表悔恨、回憶與純凈,主要是因為蕓香的苦味象征悔恨之痛苦,迷迭香香氣持久象征永久的記憶,百里香據(jù)說可用來提高食物味道的純度” a shrinking violet:害羞的人 原產(chǎn)于地中海沿岸的紫羅蘭,具有一種非常獨(dú)特的芳香,是歐洲的名花,在歐洲城墻的縫隙或廢墟的石壁中,處處都能看見它的芳蹤。紫羅蘭花開動人卻低調(diào)。一朵枯萎調(diào)謝的紫羅蘭就像一個羞濕、抬不起頭來的 （漢：含羞草）,英： roses all the way(一路薔薇)的表達(dá),比喻一帆風(fēng)順。 -“It was roses,roses all the way,With myrtle mixed in my path like mad”。布朗寧（英國） so,be