2014屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題33Backtothepast精品講案

1、2014屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3.3 Back to the past精品講案 一、高頻單詞熟記英語漢語英語漢語arrange vt. &vi.安排decorate vt.裝飾，裝潢bury vt.埋藏；專心致志于flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速離開destroy vt.毀壞，摧毀commercial adj.商業(yè)的，貿(mào)易的remains n遺物，遺跡， 遺骸institute n.(教育、專業(yè)等的)機(jī)構(gòu)； 研究所ruins n. 廢墟，遺跡beneath prep.在之下declare vt.宣告；聲明；表明；宣稱explode vi.爆炸ahead adv.在前面；提前，預(yù)先；

2、領(lǐng)先expression n.詞語；表達(dá)；表情aware adj.意識(shí)到的，知道的；察覺到的audience n.觀眾，聽眾judge n.法官，審判員；裁判員ceremony n.儀式，典禮pour vi.vt.涌流，傾瀉倒出(液體)trial n.審訊，審理；試驗(yàn)；考驗(yàn)詞性（詞形）變化remains n遺物，遺跡， 遺骸remain v遺留， 剩余；繼續(xù)存在remaining adj.剩余的unfortunate adj.不幸的， 遺憾的unfortunately adv.不幸地，倒霉地；令人遺憾地fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地wealthy ad

3、j.富有的；富裕的wealth n財(cái)富；錢財(cái)；財(cái)產(chǎn)declare vt.宣布，宣稱declaration n宣布；宣告；聲明aware adj.意識(shí)到的，知道的；察覺到的awareness n意識(shí)poison n毒藥，毒物 vt.毒害，下毒poisonous adj.有毒的gradually adv.漸漸地，逐漸地gradual adj.逐漸的 cultural adj.文化的culture n文化educate vt.教育education n教育二、重點(diǎn)短語背誦英語漢語英語漢語take over奪取；接管stand in ones path阻礙(某人)turn out結(jié)果是have eno

4、ugh of受夠了，對(duì)感到厭煩in memory of紀(jì)念set sail for啟航去某地no doubt無疑，確實(shí)make sb. aware of sth使某人明白by the age of到年齡的時(shí)候?yàn)橹箃ake him to court把他送上法庭come down with患(病)in good condition狀況良好be buried alive被活埋for centuries to come在此后的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)be decorated with裝飾著in many cases在很多情況下on board在船上(飛機(jī)上或火車上)approach the truth探求真理rise

5、 up against起義，反抗attend a lecture聽一個(gè)報(bào)告三、經(jīng)典句型仿寫1.【教材原句】Near the city was a volcano.(P42) 靠近這個(gè)城市是一座火山。【典句仿寫】教室前面站著我們的英語老師。In the front of our classroom _. 【答案】stands our English teacher2.【教材原句】Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. (P42)許多人被活埋了，城市也被埋了。【典句仿寫】他通過了駕駛考試，他妹妹也通過了。He has passed t

6、he driving test, and _. 【答案】so has his sister3.【教材原句】Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.（P42）現(xiàn)在我見到了羅馬古城龐貝，它就跟兩千年前一模一樣。【典句仿寫】像我剛才做的那樣去做這個(gè)試驗(yàn)。Just do the experiment _ just now.【答案】as I did it4.【教材原句】The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a

7、 farmer discovered a stone with writing on it.(P42)這座城市多年來一直被人們遺忘，直到18世紀(jì)一個(gè)農(nóng)民發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊刻有文字的石頭?！镜渚浞聦憽坷蠋熥哌M(jìn)了教室，手里拿著一本書。The teacher came into the classroom, _. 【答案】with a book in his hand5.【教材原句】It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world.(P58)似乎沒有什么能夠阻止他控制整個(gè)世界。【典句仿寫】好像我以前在哪

8、里見過他。_ I have seen him somewhere before.【答案】It seems that第二板塊 考點(diǎn)詳析一、詞匯考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)-1. arrange【教材原句】A British club arranged for high school students to go on a culture tour of place where there are lost civilizations. (P42)一家英語俱樂部安排高中生去有失落的文明的地方進(jìn)行了一次文化之旅。【例句研讀】翻譯下列句子Well arrange for an experienced teacher. I

9、ve arranged for a taxi. Ive arranged for Mary to meet you at the airport. Please arrange an interview with the workers for us 【答案】我們將安排一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師。我已安排好了一輛計(jì)程車。我已經(jīng)安排瑪麗去機(jī)場(chǎng)接你。 給我們安排一次與工人的會(huì)見。【自主歸納】接具體的人或東西時(shí)，arrange后一般要接介詞f or 。安排某人做某事 arrange for sb to do sth后接事情作賓語時(shí)，可作及物動(dòng)詞使用?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子我們已安排好讓汽車9點(diǎn)鐘去接

10、你。Weve _ at 9 oclock.我們已安排她照看孩子。Weve _ the child.【自主歸納】bury 是及物動(dòng)詞，意為：埋藏，遮蓋，掩蔽；專心致志于，埋頭于，沉溺于被活埋 be buried alive 專心于be buried in/ bury oneself in 【即時(shí)鞏固】用bury的適當(dāng)形式填空：_ in deep thought, he didnt notice Mary coming in. _ himself in sorrow, he refused to see anyone. _ yourself in your study, and you will

11、make progress.【答案】Buried Burying Bury考點(diǎn)-3. destroy【教材原句】Its hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city. (P43)很難想像像這樣安靜的火山是怎樣毀掉整個(gè)城市的。參看模塊一Unit 3的考點(diǎn)-2?！咀灾鳉w納】destroy, damage和ruin三個(gè)詞的區(qū)別：destroy指徹底破壞、毀滅，以至不能修復(fù)；也可指希望、計(jì)劃落空。damage指價(jià)值、用途降低或外表損壞，不一定全部破壞，損壞了還可以修復(fù)。ruin表示嚴(yán)重破壞，多由自然因素引起；現(xiàn)在多

12、用于比喻中，表示前程的破滅、健康遭到損害等。參看考點(diǎn)-5?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題(2013遼寧卷)The accident caused some _to my car, but its nothing serious. A. harmB. injuryC. ruinD. damage(2011全國卷)William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to . A. disappear B. fall C. fail D. damageHis action _ the remainin

13、g hope of reaching an agreement.A. damaged B. hurt C. destroyed D. harmed 【答案】C【解析】句意：他的行為毀掉了達(dá)成協(xié)議的僅剩的那點(diǎn)希望。考點(diǎn)-4. remain【教材原句】Sven found the remains of building buried beneath the sand, together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, material such as silk, documents and wall paintings

14、. (P43)斯文發(fā)現(xiàn)了埋藏于沙下的建筑遺跡以及許多寶藏，包括錢幣、帶有圖畫的壺、像絲綢這樣的布料、文獻(xiàn)以及壁畫。【例句研讀】譯出下列句中劃線部分的意思The remains of Wenchuan Earthquake shocked the whole world. His remains were buried in the churchyard. The remains of lunch were still on the table. 【答案】廢墟 尸體，遺骸 殘留物，剩余物【自主歸納】remain 作名詞用時(shí)，意為：廢墟；尸體，遺骸；殘留物，剩余物remain 還可以作動(dòng)詞使用：作

15、不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“留下”She remained at home to look after the child. 留在家里作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，意為“仍然是，還是”，后接n./adj./介詞短語/分詞In spite of quarrel, they remained the best friends. 仍然是最好的朋友 Sth. remains to be done “某事仍有待去做”A number of problems remain to be solved. 許多問題有待解決It remains to be seen+從句 “還有待于去看” It remains to be seen whe

16、ther the medicine will work. 藥物是否有效拭目以待。【即時(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _ now. A. remains B. is remaining C. is remained D. has been remained_ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. A. It has B

17、. They have C. It remains D. There remainsLadies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to sit D. sit It remains _ whether the patient can survive the major operation or not. A. to observe B. to be observed C. observing D. being observed【答

18、案】A D A B考點(diǎn)-5. ruin【自主歸納】ruin 作可數(shù)名詞用時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，意為：廢墟，遺跡 作不可數(shù)名詞用時(shí)，意為：毀壞，毀滅，崩潰 作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，意為：破壞；毀滅/壞，使破產(chǎn)in ruins 成為廢墟，破敗不堪 come/go to ruin 毀滅，滅亡；落空 bring .to ruin使毀滅，使落空【即時(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題John and Sandy argued all the time, which completely _ the party.A. destroyed B. damaged C. ruined D. brokeThe houses across

19、 the street are _， but they were in good condition a few years ago.A. in ruins B. in store C. in rows D. in order考點(diǎn)-6. ahead【教材原句】By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before, and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him. (P58)在30歲時(shí)，他已經(jīng)占領(lǐng)了比以前任何人都多的土地，并且看起來，更大的

20、榮耀正在前方等著他。【例句研讀】譯出下列句中劃線部分的意思Weve got a lot hard work ahead.The bridge has been completed ahead of time.Do you mind if I smoke?Go ahead.Henry encouraged me to calm down, just go ahead and get the license【答案】(時(shí)間、空間)在前面，向前 提前，預(yù)先 去干吧，去做吧 進(jìn)行，開始 【自主歸納】ahead adv. (時(shí)間、空間)在前面；提前，預(yù)先；領(lǐng)先(be) ahead of 在之前； 領(lǐng)先于；

21、勝過ahead of time( in advance) 提前go ahead 朝前走，請(qǐng)便，行，可以，干吧(同意對(duì)方繼續(xù)做某事或同意對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求)【即時(shí)鞏固】根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子他走上前去，看看前面發(fā)生了什么事。He _ to see what was happening in the front.我提前幾天完成了工作。 I finished the work several days _the deadline.他數(shù)學(xué)方面比我占優(yōu)勢(shì)。He is _ me in math.【答案】went ahead ahead of ahead of考點(diǎn)-7. aware【自主歸納】aware adj. 意

22、為：意識(shí)到的，知道的；察覺到的be/become aware of 知道/意識(shí)到be/become aware that/wh從句 知道/意識(shí)到make sb. aware of sth. 讓某人知道某事【即時(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題It was several minutes before I was _ what was happening.A. aware B. concerned C. awake D. ashamed【答案】A【解析】句意：過了幾分鐘，我才意識(shí)到出了什么事。根據(jù)題干中的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此外考查的是be aware . “意識(shí)到”。concerned“關(guān)心的”；awake “醒著的”

23、；ashamed“慚愧的”， 均不符合語境。Its not easy to change habits, but with and selfcontrol, it is possible.A. carelessness B. weakness C. awareness D. foolishness考點(diǎn)-8. judge【教材原句】At his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions. (P59)在審判中，他通過向法官提更多的問題來為自己辯護(hù)。【例句研讀】翻譯下列各句People judge other

24、s with their appearance first.He was one of the judges at the horse race.Judging by/from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.【自主歸納】judge 作動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)，意為：判斷；審判； 裁判 作名詞使用時(shí)，意為：法官；裁判員judging from/by ?？醋魇枪潭ǘ陶Z，在句子中一般作狀語，即獨(dú)立成分，judging不能換成judged。Judging from his clothes, I judge that he is a judge.從

25、他的服裝判斷，我斷定他是個(gè)法官?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題“You cant a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes.A. recognizeB. buyC. judgeD. know【答案】C【解析】句中“as the old saying goes”意為：正如古語所說。句意：古人云，人不可貌相。或譯為：如那句古老的諺語所說的那樣，“人不可貌相”。 judge判斷。_from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.A. JudgingB.

26、 Judged C. Seeing D. Thinking考點(diǎn)-9. take over【教材原句】In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii. (P42) 公元前89年，羅馬人占據(jù)了龐貝。【例句研讀】譯出下列句中劃線部分的意思IBM is taking over the smaller company.Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.With economy recovering, more and more workers are taken on.We can take in oxy

27、gen from the air.【答案】接管這家規(guī)模較小的公司 她的演唱事業(yè)迅速騰飛 被雇用 吸取氧氣【自主歸納】take over接收，接管；接住，接替take off 脫掉(衣帽等)，(飛機(jī)等)起飛，請(qǐng)(幾天)假，切除(物)take on 雇用(某人)，承擔(dān)(工作)，呈現(xiàn) take out 取出take to 喜歡上(某人)，開始，養(yǎng)成的惡習(xí)take up 開始；從事；占去(時(shí)間，空間等)take in 吸收，包括，了解，理解，欺騙，收留(某人)住宿take back 取回(某物)，收回(承諾等)，歸還 take after 與相像take. for . 把當(dāng)作,誤認(rèn)為 take. fo

28、r granted 認(rèn)為是當(dāng)然的【即時(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _ off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has takenLadies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took offAfter he retired from office, Rogers _ pain

29、ting for a while, but soon lost interest. A. took up B. saved up C. kept up D. drew up【答案】A B A考點(diǎn)-10. turn out【自主歸納】turn out意為：結(jié)果。常有以下兩種用法。turn out (to be). It turns out that-clause寫出與turn有關(guān)的短語：turn off/on 關(guān)掉/打開 turn to 向某人求助turn over 翻身，反復(fù)考慮，翻(書頁)，翻轉(zhuǎn) turn out 結(jié)果是 turn down 調(diào)低(音量，熱度等); 拒絕 turn up 露面

30、，出現(xiàn)，調(diào)大(音量等)turn in 上交，交還 turn upside down 上下翻轉(zhuǎn) take turns to do 輪流做某事 take a turn for the better （情況等）好轉(zhuǎn)【即時(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題(2013江蘇卷)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better. A. shareB. chance C. turn D. leadWith no one to _ in such a frightening situation, s

31、he felt very helpless. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn over D. turn to考點(diǎn)-11. in memory of【教材原句】In memory of the Americans who died in the attack, a national memorial was built in Pearl Harbor just above the remains of the Arizona. (P55)為了紀(jì)念在此次襲擊中死去的美國人，在珍珠港“亞利桑那號(hào)”的遺跡上建立了國家紀(jì)念館。【例句研讀】譯出下列句中劃線部分的意思The m

32、onument was built in memory of the little hero.She wrote poems in praise of freedom.The members of the committee gave a banquet in honour of the foreign delegation yesterday afternoon.【答案】紀(jì)念那位小英雄 謳歌自由 招待外國代表團(tuán)【自主歸納】in memory of為紀(jì)念(相當(dāng)于in honour of)in名詞of短語薈萃：in favor of 支持 in place of 代替 in praise of

33、贊揚(yáng)in charge of 負(fù)責(zé) in need/want of 需要 in case of 如果，假使in search of 尋找 in possession of 擁有，持有 in honour of 為紀(jì)念，為慶?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題(2011湖北卷) When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men. A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D.

34、in praise ofThe monument is built _ the heroes sacrificed for our victory.A. in memory of B. on behalf of C. in praise of D. in place of 考點(diǎn)-12. no doubt【教材原句】When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander t

35、he Greats influence. (P58)當(dāng)被問及這個(gè)來自遙遠(yuǎn)的希臘的雕像如何出現(xiàn)在中國時(shí)，研究者解釋說毫無疑問這是由于受亞歷山大大帝的影響?！纠溲凶x】譯出下列句中劃線部分的意思No doubt he will call us when he gets there.There is no doubt that the measures taken by the government will help the economy improve.I doubt whether/if the new plan will be better.【答案】毫無疑問 毫無疑問 我不敢肯定這個(gè)新的計(jì)

36、劃是否會(huì)更好。【自主歸納】no doubt 無疑，確定There is no doubt about sth./that . 毫無疑問doubt 做動(dòng)詞，用于肯定句中時(shí)，后用whether或 if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句 用于否定句或疑問句中時(shí)，后用that引導(dǎo)賓語從句 做名詞，用于肯定句中時(shí)，后用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句 用于否定句或疑問句中時(shí)，后用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句【即時(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題(2010山東卷)Her father is very rich._ She wouldnt accept his help even if it were offered.A. What for? B. S

37、o what?C. No doubt. D. No wonder.考點(diǎn)-13. by the age of【教材原句】By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before. (P58)三十歲的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)占領(lǐng)的疆域比以前任何人的都大。【例句研讀】翻譯句子By the end of last week, we had already learned three units.By the end of next week, we will have learned three units.By now,

38、 we have learned three units.【自主歸納】by+現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)；by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，謂語用過去完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)；by+將來的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，謂語用將來完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子到下月底，我將已經(jīng)看完這本書。I _ reading the book by the end of next month.我到火車站的時(shí)候，火車已經(jīng)開走了。By the time l got to the station，the train_。【自主歸納】come down with意為：患（?。茫▊魅拘缘牟。?寫出come 的相關(guān)用法。偶然遇到；被理解 come

39、across 提出，想出 come up with 為什么？ How come.? 當(dāng)談到時(shí) When it comes to sth/doing.【即時(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題(2013課標(biāo)卷)Would you like to with us to the film tonight?A. come alongB. come offC. come acrossD. come through【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：今晚你愿意和我們一起去看電影嗎？A項(xiàng)含有“與一道走，一起來，陪伴”的意思，B項(xiàng)意為“實(shí)現(xiàn)，離開，舉行”，C項(xiàng)意為“偶遇，無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”，D項(xiàng)表示“經(jīng)歷、度過、穿過”，可知只有

40、A項(xiàng)符合語境。(2011天津卷)She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping att the department store.A. turned down B. dealt with C. took after D. came across二、句型考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)-1.介詞短語做地點(diǎn)狀語放在句首引起句子倒裝的句型【教材原句】Near the city was a volcano.(P42) 靠近這個(gè)城市是一座火山。【句法分析】“Near the city”是一個(gè)介詞短語，表示地點(diǎn)，放在句首，引起了句子的倒裝。句子的主語是a vo

41、lcano。正常語序應(yīng)該是：A volcano was near the city. 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語或here/there/up/down/in/out/off/away/now/then等副詞置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，且謂語動(dòng)詞為be, lie, sit, stand, come, go等時(shí)，往往主謂完全倒裝。但當(dāng)句子的主語是人稱代詞時(shí)，則不需要倒裝?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River _, one of the ten largest cities in China. A.

42、lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does Chongqing lie D. does lie ChongqingJohn opened the door. There _ he had never seen before.A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl【答案】A D考點(diǎn)-2.so 表示“也”放在句首的句型【教材原句】Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. (P42)許多人被活埋了，

43、城市也被埋了?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題If you dont feel like going for a picnic this weekend, _. A. nor will I B. nor do I C. so do I D. so shall II like meat but I dont like fish. _. A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So is it with me D. So it is with meI reminded you not to forget the appointment. _. A. So you did B. So I

44、did C. So did you D. So do I【答案】A DA考點(diǎn)-3. as的用法【教材原句】Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.（P42）現(xiàn)在我見到了羅馬古城龐貝，它就跟兩千年前一模一樣。【句法分析】as 用作連詞，意為：像一樣?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】as 用作連詞時(shí)，?？急硎尽氨M管”的意思，句子用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Young as he is, he knows a lot. 盡管年輕，他卻懂得很多。用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句：Well make such computers as are

45、 needed in different branches of science.我們將制造出科學(xué)的各部門所需要的那種計(jì)算機(jī)。 大家都知道， As everybody knows, all that glitters is not gold. 閃光的東西并不都是金子。用作介詞：As a singer, he is a success. 作為一名歌手，他是成功的。固定短語：as a matter of fact 實(shí)際上 as a result 結(jié)果是 as a result of. 因?yàn)?as long as 只要 as far as 就而言 as follows 如下as well as 和，也【即時(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)選擇題 Much hard _ he tried, he failed to catch up with the first runner.A. although B. as C. while D. whenWhen my father goes somewhere, he always goes along with my mother, _ he doesnt like going alone.A. thoughB. as C. while D. even ifThis is _b