高考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練之?dāng)?shù)詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)--專(zhuān)題-數(shù)詞

1、專(zhuān)題 數(shù)詞一.概念: 數(shù)詞分兩類(lèi):基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞.表示數(shù)目的詞叫基數(shù)詞,表示順序的詞叫序數(shù)詞.來(lái)源:學(xué)*科*網(wǎng)二.數(shù)詞之高考方向1掌握基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞、倍數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、年月日、鐘點(diǎn)、年齡、序號(hào)的基本用法。2掌握不定數(shù)量詞、約數(shù)詞的表達(dá)方法。數(shù)詞在各個(gè)題項(xiàng)中，單選、閱讀、聽(tīng)力、寫(xiě)作中發(fā)揮著很強(qiáng)的作用，往往用以說(shuō)明事實(shí)的精確性和可信性。數(shù)詞是由兩大部分構(gòu)成的即基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，而其他數(shù)字表示法如分?jǐn)?shù)，小數(shù)等均由這兩大部分的不同組合而構(gòu)成。三高考基本知識(shí)之基數(shù)詞1）基數(shù)詞一般可寫(xiě)成如345或three hundred and forty-five。2）基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí)，不能使用dozen(

2、12)、score(20)、hundred、thousand、million 、billion的復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是，當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字，如成百、成千上萬(wàn)，三三兩兩時(shí)，基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。 two dozen eggs, three score of girls/three score days, six thousanddozens of , thousands of, tens of thousands of（數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)）, millions of3）基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式，但下列情況，常用復(fù)數(shù)：a. 與of 短語(yǔ)連用，表示概數(shù)，不能與具體數(shù)目連 用，如scores of people 指許

3、多人；b.在一些表示一排或一組的詞組里；如：They arrived in twos and threes.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡竭_(dá)了。c. 表示幾十歲；in ones thirties，in ones teensd. 表示年代，用 in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)；in the 1980s/1980se. 在乘法運(yùn)算的一種表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.4）基數(shù)詞的句法功能： 基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。 The two happily opened the box 兩個(gè)人高興地打開(kāi)了盒子。（作主語(yǔ)） I need thr

4、ee altogether 我總共需要三個(gè)。（作賓語(yǔ)） Four students are playing volleyball outside 四個(gè)學(xué)生在外面打排球。（作定語(yǔ)） We are sixteen 我們是16個(gè)人。（作表語(yǔ)） They three tried to finish the task before sunset 他們?nèi)齻€(gè)人盡力想在日落前完成任務(wù)。（作同位語(yǔ)）2. 高考基本知識(shí)之序數(shù)詞1）A從第一至第十九 one- first， two- second， three- third， five- fifth，eight-eighth，nine-ninth，twelve- t

5、welfth為特殊形式，其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如： six- sixth、nineteen- nineteenthB從第二十至第九十九 整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i，再加“eth”構(gòu)成。twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth 表示第幾十幾時(shí)，用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“”和個(gè)位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示 thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞 由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來(lái)表示。 on

6、e hundredth第一百 one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一 one thousand，three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D序數(shù)詞的縮寫(xiě)形式有時(shí)，序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫(xiě)形式來(lái)表示。主要縮寫(xiě)形式有。first-lst second-2nd third-3rd fourth-4th twentieth-20th twenty-third- 23rd 其中l(wèi)st，2nd，3rd為特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th 2）序數(shù)詞的句法功能序數(shù)詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。 The second is what I rea

7、lly need 第二個(gè)是我真正需要的。（作主語(yǔ)） He choose the second 他挑選了第二個(gè)。（作賓語(yǔ)） We are to carry out the first plan 我們將執(zhí)行第一個(gè)計(jì)劃。（作定語(yǔ)） She is the second in our class在我們班她是第二名。（作表語(yǔ)） 序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí)，通常前面要加定冠詞 the；但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時(shí)，則表示再-，又-。 Well go over it a second time Weve tried it three timesMust we try it a fourth time? 表示日期

8、用序數(shù)詞May 5 五月五日（讀作May fifth）,也可以表示為the fifth（5th）of May 3）序號(hào)表示法1）單純的序號(hào)，可在基數(shù)詞前加number,簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)為No.。如：No.1第一號(hào)2）事物名詞的序號(hào)表達(dá)法有所不同：對(duì)于一些小序號(hào)可有序數(shù)詞也可用基數(shù)詞表達(dá)，形式分別為：the + 序數(shù)詞 + 名詞；名詞 + 基數(shù)詞。如：第一次世界大戰(zhàn)可以表示為the First World War或World War One, Lesson 8 =the eighth lesson對(duì)于一些大序號(hào)我們通常只用一種表達(dá)法，即名詞 + 數(shù)詞。如：501號(hào)房間表示為Room 501, 538路公共汽

9、車(chē)表示為Bus 538?？捎胊 / the + number + 基數(shù)詞 + 名詞。如：a No.5 bus一輛五路公共汽車(chē)，the No.8 bus那輛8路公共汽車(chē)。(思考：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)？)3分?jǐn)?shù)表示法1）分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來(lái)表示的?；鶖?shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，.其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quart

10、er 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 2）百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)percent表示 50 fifty percent3 three percent分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面不能直接接名詞或代詞，而用以下形式：分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù) of + the /these/those/my+ 名詞 / 代詞, 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后的名詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致，如：Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.Seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water. One third of the students are

11、 from the town.3）分?jǐn)?shù)的其它表達(dá)形式：分子與分母之間加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基數(shù)詞。如：one in ten 十分之一，five in eight八分之五。分子與分母之間加out of , 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基數(shù)詞。如：one out of ten十分之一，five out of eight八分之五4小數(shù)表示法 小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來(lái)表示，以小數(shù)點(diǎn)為界，小數(shù)點(diǎn)左首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位，表示整數(shù)，數(shù)字合起來(lái)讀；小數(shù)點(diǎn)右首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位，表示小數(shù)，數(shù)字分開(kāi)來(lái)讀；小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作 point，o讀作 zero或o，整數(shù)部分為零時(shí)，可以省略不讀. 0.4 zero po

12、int four或point four 零點(diǎn)四 10.23 ten point two three 十點(diǎn)二三 5倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式once, twice, three times, four times（1）倍數(shù)用在as + 形容詞 / 副詞（原級(jí)）+ as結(jié)構(gòu)之前。如：They have three times as many cows as we do.（2）倍數(shù)放在形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)之前或by + 倍數(shù)用在比較級(jí)之后。如：This rope is four times longer than that one.They produced more products in 2001 than

13、 those in 2000 by twice.The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.（3）倍數(shù)用在表示度量名詞前，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：倍數(shù) + the +size / length / weight + of + 表示比較對(duì)象的名詞，也可用于倍數(shù) + what引導(dǎo)的從句中。如：This room is three times the size of that one.The college is twice what it was 5 years age.You cant imagine that ra

14、ts eat 40 to 50 times their weight.6大約數(shù)的表示方法（1）用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)后加of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示幾十、幾百、上千、成千上萬(wàn)等大約數(shù)概念。（2）dozen表約數(shù)（一打），基數(shù)詞+dozen+名詞復(fù)數(shù)(不加of)。如：two dozen pens。注意:若名詞前有the,this,those等修飾時(shí)要加of.如：one dozen of the eggs,two dozen of the eggs.(3)score(20)單復(fù)數(shù)同形，通常與of連用。但時(shí)間名詞前不加of.如: one sc

15、ore years20年（4）用less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to 等來(lái)表示小于或接近某數(shù)目。He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours.（5）用more than、over、above、beyond、or more等來(lái)表示超過(guò)或多于某個(gè)數(shù)目。如：Peking University has a history of more than 100 years.（6）用or、or so、about、around、some、more or less等表示

16、在某一數(shù)目左右。About 50 people were present at that time. （7）用to、from to、between and表示介于兩數(shù)詞。如：His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.7加減乘除表示法1. 加用plus，and或add表示；等于用is，make，equal等詞表示。2+3=? 可表示為： How much is two plus three? 2+3=5 Two plus three is five Two and three is equal to five Two

17、 and three make five Two added to three equals five If we add two to/and three, we get five 2. 減用 minus或 take from表示 106?How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4 Ten minus six is four Take six from ten and the remainder is four. Six (taken) from ten is four 3. “乘”用time（動(dòng)詞）或multiply表示 3X4? How much is three

18、 times four? 3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelve Three fours is/are twelve Multiply three by four，and we get twelve Three multiplied by four makes twelve 4. “除”用divide的過(guò)去分詞形式表示 164=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 1644 Sixteen divided by four is four Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/make

19、s four If you divide 16 by 4, you get 4. 三.即學(xué)即練 1._ people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.A.Several million B.Many millionsC.Several millions D.Many million2. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A.were ; was B.was ; was

20、 C.was ; were D.were ; were3. Shortly after the accident, two _ police were sent to the sport to keep order. A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozen of 4. _ of the land in that district_ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are5. It is sa

21、id that the mountain is about _ high, through which the peasants dug a hole _ deep.A. 400 foot/six hundreds metresB. 400 foots/six hundred metresC. 400 feets/six - hundred - metreD. 400 feet/six- hundred metres6. _ cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps. A. The hundredth B. The hund