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1、Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. 1972PART A GENERALRule 1Application(a) These Rules shall to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected there with navigable by sea going vessels.(b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an app
2、ropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by sea- going vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules m
3、ade by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signa
4、l lights, shapes or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.(d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these Rules.(e) Whenever the Government conce
5、rned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signaling applian
6、ces, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound- signaling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance
7、with these Rules in respect of that vessel.第一條 適用范圍1. 本規(guī)則適用于公海和連接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶. 2. 本規(guī)則不妨礙有關(guān)主管機(jī)關(guān)為連接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外錨地、港 口、江河、湖泊或內(nèi)陸水道所制訂的特殊規(guī)定的實(shí)施。這種特殊規(guī)定,應(yīng)盡可能 符合本規(guī)則。3. 本規(guī)則不妨礙各國(guó)政府為軍艦及護(hù)航下的船舶所制訂的關(guān)于額外的隊(duì)形燈、信號(hào)燈、號(hào)型或笛號(hào),或者為結(jié)對(duì)從事捕魚的漁船所制定的關(guān)于額外的隊(duì)形燈、信號(hào)燈、號(hào)型或笛號(hào), 應(yīng)盡可能不致被誤認(rèn)為本規(guī)則其他條文所規(guī)定的任何號(hào)燈、號(hào)型或信號(hào)。4. 為實(shí)施本規(guī)則,本組織可以采納分
8、道通航制。5. 凡經(jīng)有關(guān)政府確定,某種特殊構(gòu)造或用途的船舶,如不能完全遵守本規(guī)則任何一條關(guān)于號(hào)燈或號(hào)型的數(shù)量、位置、能見距離或弧度以及聲號(hào)設(shè)備的配置和特性的規(guī)定時(shí),則應(yīng)遵守其政府在號(hào)燈或號(hào)型的數(shù)量、位置、能見距離或弧度以及聲號(hào)設(shè)備的配置和特性方面為之另行確定的盡可能符合本規(guī)則要求的規(guī)定。Rule 2Responsibility(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to com
9、ply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circum
10、stances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.第二條 責(zé)任1.本規(guī)則并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船長(zhǎng)或船員由于遵守本規(guī)則的任何疏忽,或者海員通常做法要求的或當(dāng)時(shí)特殊情況要求的任何戒備上的疏忽而產(chǎn)生的各種后果的責(zé)任。2.在解釋和遵守本規(guī)則時(shí),應(yīng)考慮到一切航行和碰撞的危險(xiǎn)以及包括當(dāng)事船舶條件限制在內(nèi)的任何特殊情況,這些危險(xiǎn)和特殊情況可能使船舶在必要時(shí)為避免緊迫危險(xiǎn)而背
11、離本規(guī)則。Rule 3General DefinitionsFor the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires:(a) The word vessel includes every description of water craft, including non- displacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.(b) The term p
12、ower- driven vessel means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.(d) The term vessel engaged in fishing means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing w
13、ith trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict maneuverability.(e) The word seaplane includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.(f) The term vessel not under command means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by th
14、ese Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.(g) The term vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way o
15、f another vessel. The term vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre shall include but not be limited to:(i) A vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline;(ii) A vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;(iii) A vessel
16、engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway;(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;(v) a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations;(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow i
17、n their ability to deviate from their course.(h) The term vessel constrained by her draught means a power-driven vessel which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.(i)
18、 The word underway means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.(j) The words length and breadth of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth.(k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other.(L)
19、 The term restricted visibility means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.第三條 一般定義 除其他條文另有解釋外,在本規(guī)則中: “船舶”一詞,指用作或者能夠用作水上運(yùn)輸工具的各類水上船筏,包括非排水船舶和水上飛機(jī)。 “機(jī)動(dòng)船”一詞,指用機(jī)器推進(jìn)的任何船舶。 “帆船”一詞,指任何駛帆的船舶,包括裝有推進(jìn)機(jī)器而不在使用者。 “從事捕魚
20、的船舶”一詞,指使用網(wǎng)具、繩釣、拖網(wǎng)或其他使其操縱性能受到限制的漁具捕魚的任何船舶,但不包括使用曳繩釣或其他并不使其操縱性能受到限制的漁具捕魚的船舶。 “水上飛機(jī)”一詞,包括為能在水面操縱而設(shè)計(jì)的任何航空器。 “失去控制的船舶”一詞,指由于某種異常的情況,不能按本規(guī)則各條的要求進(jìn)行操縱,因而不能給他船讓路的船舶。 “操縱能力受到限制的船舶”一詞,指由于工作性質(zhì),使其按本規(guī)則要求進(jìn)行操縱的能力受到限制,因而不能給他船讓路的船舶。 “操縱能力受到限制的船舶”一詞應(yīng)包括,但不限于下列船舶: ()從事敷設(shè)、維修或起撈助航標(biāo)志、海底電纜或管道的船舶; ()從事疏浚、測(cè)量或水下作業(yè)的船舶; ()在航中從事
21、補(bǔ)給或轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)人員、食品或貨物的船舶; ()從事發(fā)放或回收航空器的船舶; ()從事清除水雷作業(yè)的船舶; ()從事拖帶作業(yè)的船舶,而該項(xiàng)拖帶作業(yè)使該拖船及其被拖船偏離所駛航向的能力嚴(yán)重受到限制者。 “限于吃水的船舶”一詞,指由于吃水與可用水深的關(guān)系,致使其偏離所駛航向的能力嚴(yán)重地受到限制的機(jī)動(dòng)船。 “在航”一詞,指船舳不在錨泊、系岸或擱淺。 船舶的“長(zhǎng)度”和“寬度”是指其總長(zhǎng)度和最大寬度。 只有當(dāng)一船能自他船以視覺看到時(shí),才應(yīng)認(rèn)為兩船是在互見中。 “能見度不良”一詞,指任何由于霧、霾、下雪、暴風(fēng)雨、沙暴或任何其他類似原因而使能見度受到限制的情況。PART B-STEERING AND SAILING
22、 RULESSECTION 1-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN ANYCONDITION OF VISIBILITYRule 4ApplicationRules in this Section apply in any condition of visibility第二章 駕駛和航行規(guī)則第一節(jié) 船舶在任何能見度情況下的行動(dòng)規(guī)則 (第四第十條)Rule 5Look-outEvery vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look out by sight and hearing as well as by all available
23、means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.第五條 了 望每一船應(yīng)在任何時(shí)候用視覺、聽覺以及適合當(dāng)時(shí)環(huán)境和情況的一切可用手段保持正規(guī)的了望,以便對(duì)局面和碰撞危險(xiǎn)作出充分的估計(jì)。Rule 6Safe speed Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take p
24、roper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:(a) By all vessels:(i) The state of visibility;(ii) The traffic density
25、including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels;(iii) The manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;(iv) at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her o
26、wn lights;(v) the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards;(vi) the draught in relation to the available depth of water.(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar;(i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;(ii) any constraints
27、 imposed by the radar range scale in use;(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference;(iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range;(v) The number, location and movement of
28、vessels detected by radar;(vi) The more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.第六條 安全航速每一船在任何時(shí)候都應(yīng)用安全航速行駛,以便能采取適當(dāng)而有效的行動(dòng)避免碰撞,并能在適合當(dāng)時(shí)環(huán)境和情況的距離以內(nèi)把船停住。在決定安全航速時(shí),考慮的因素中應(yīng)包括下列各點(diǎn):1.對(duì)所有船舶: (1)能見度情況; (2)通航密度,包括
29、漁船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度; (3)船舶的操縱性能,特別是在當(dāng)時(shí)情況下的沖程和旋回性能; (4)夜間出現(xiàn)的背景亮光,諸如來(lái)自岸上的燈光或本船燈光的反向散射; (5)風(fēng)、浪和流的狀況以及靠近航海危險(xiǎn)物的情況: (6)吃水與可用水深的關(guān)系。2.對(duì)備有可使用的雷達(dá)的船舶,還須考慮: (1)雷達(dá)設(shè)備的特性、效率和局限性; (2)所選用的雷達(dá)距離標(biāo)尺帶來(lái)的任何限制; (3)海況、天氣和其他干擾源對(duì)雷達(dá)探測(cè)的影響; (4)在適當(dāng)距離內(nèi),雷達(dá)對(duì)小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探測(cè)不到的可能性; (5)雷達(dá)探測(cè)到的船舶數(shù)目、位置和動(dòng)態(tài); (6)當(dāng)用雷達(dá)測(cè)定附近船舶或其他物體的距離時(shí),可能對(duì)能見度作出的更確切的估計(jì)
30、。Rule 7Risk of Collision(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operation
31、al, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.(d) In determining if risk of collision
32、 exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:(i) Such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change:(ii) Such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when app
33、roaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.第七條 碰撞危險(xiǎn)1.每一船應(yīng)用適合當(dāng)時(shí)環(huán)境和情況的一切可用手段斷定是否存在碰撞危險(xiǎn),如有 任何懷疑,則應(yīng)認(rèn)為存在這種危險(xiǎn)。2.如裝有雷達(dá)設(shè)備并可使用的話,則應(yīng)正確予以使用,包括遠(yuǎn)距離掃瞄,以便獲得 碰撞危險(xiǎn)的早期警報(bào),并對(duì)探測(cè)到的物標(biāo)進(jìn)行雷達(dá)標(biāo)繪或與其相當(dāng)?shù)南到y(tǒng)觀察。3.不應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)不充分的資料,特別是不充分的雷達(dá)觀測(cè)資料作出推斷。4.在斷定是否存在碰撞危險(xiǎn)時(shí),考慮的因素中應(yīng)包括下列各點(diǎn): (1)如果來(lái)船的羅經(jīng)方位沒有明顯的變化,則應(yīng)
34、認(rèn)為存在這種危險(xiǎn); (2)即使有明顯的方位變化,有時(shí)也可能存在這種危險(xiǎn), 特別是在駛近一艘很大的船或拖帶船組時(shí),或是在近距離駛近他船時(shí)。Rule 8Action to avoid Collision(a) Any action to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.(b) Any alteration of course an
35、d / or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and / or speed should be avoided.(c) If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of cour
36、se alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close quarters situation.(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at safe distance,
37、the effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.(e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.(f) (i) A
38、vessel which, by any of these rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case, take early action to allow sufficient sea- room for the safe passage of the other vessel.(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passag
39、e or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involverisk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the rules of this part.(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impe
40、ded remains fully obliged to comply with the rules of this part when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.第八條 避免碰撞的行動(dòng)1.為避免碰撞所采取的任何行動(dòng),如當(dāng)時(shí)環(huán)境許可,應(yīng)是積極的,應(yīng)及早地進(jìn)行并注意運(yùn)用良好的船藝。2.為避免碰撞而作的航向和(或)航速的任何變動(dòng),如當(dāng)時(shí)環(huán)境許可,應(yīng)大得足以使他船用視覺或雷達(dá)觀察時(shí)容易察覺到;應(yīng)避免對(duì)航向和(或)航速作一連串的小變動(dòng)。3.如有足夠的水域,則單用轉(zhuǎn)向可能是
41、避免緊迫局面的最有效行動(dòng),只要這種行動(dòng)是及時(shí)的,大幅度的并且不至造成另一緊迫局面。4.為避免與他船碰撞而采取的行動(dòng),應(yīng)能導(dǎo)致在安全的距離駛過(guò)。應(yīng)細(xì)心查核避讓行動(dòng)的有效性,直到最后駛過(guò)讓清他船為止。5.為避免碰撞或留有更多時(shí)間來(lái)估計(jì)局面,必要時(shí), 船舶應(yīng)當(dāng)減速或者停止或倒轉(zhuǎn) 推進(jìn)器把船停住。6. (1)根據(jù)本規(guī)則任何規(guī)定, 要求不得妨礙另一艘船通過(guò)或安全通過(guò)的船舶應(yīng)根據(jù) 當(dāng)時(shí)環(huán)境的需要及早地采取行動(dòng)以留出足夠的水域供他船安全通過(guò)。 (2)如果在接近其他船舶致有碰撞危險(xiǎn)時(shí), 被要求不得妨礙另一艘船通過(guò)或安全通過(guò)的船舶并不解除這一責(zé)任,且當(dāng)采取行動(dòng)時(shí),應(yīng)充分考慮到本章各條可能要求的行動(dòng)。Rule 9
42、Narrow Channels(a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.(b) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the pa
43、ssage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within narrow channel or fairway.(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.(d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passa
44、ge of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.(e) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be over
45、taken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps t
46、o permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).(ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13.(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obst
47、ruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).(g) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.第九條 狹水道1.船舶沿狹水道或航道行駛時(shí),只要安全可行, 應(yīng)盡量靠近其右舷的該水道或航道的外緣。2.帆船或者長(zhǎng)度小于20米的船舶,不應(yīng)妨礙只能在狹水道或
48、航道以內(nèi)安全航行的船舶通行。3.從事捕魚的船舶,不應(yīng)妨礙任何其他在狹水道或航道以內(nèi)航行的船舶通行。4.船舶不應(yīng)穿越狹水道或航道,如果這種穿越會(huì)妨礙只能在這種水道或航道以內(nèi)安全航行的船舶通行。后者若對(duì)穿越船的意圖有懷疑時(shí),可以使用第三十四條4款所規(guī)定的聲號(hào)。5.(1)在狹水道或航道內(nèi), 如只有在被追越船必須采取行動(dòng)以允許安全通過(guò)能追越時(shí),則企圖追越的船,應(yīng)鳴放第三十四條3款(1)項(xiàng)所規(guī)定的相應(yīng)聲號(hào), 以表示本船的意圖。被追越船如果同意,應(yīng)鳴放第三十四條3款(2) 所規(guī)定的相 應(yīng)聲號(hào),并采取使之能安全通過(guò)的措施。如有懷疑, 則可以鳴放第三十四條4款所規(guī)定的聲號(hào)。 (2)本條并不解除追越船根據(jù)第十三
49、條所負(fù)的義務(wù)。6.船舶在駛近其他船舶可能被居間障礙物遮蔽的狹水道或航道的彎頭或地段時(shí),應(yīng) 特別機(jī)警和謹(jǐn)慎地駕駛,并應(yīng)鳴放第三十四條5款所規(guī)定的相應(yīng)聲號(hào)。7.任何船舶,如當(dāng)時(shí)環(huán)境許可,都應(yīng)避免在狹水道內(nèi)錨泊。Rule 10Traffic Separation Schemes(a) This rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule.(b) A vessel
50、using a traffic separation scheme shall:(i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane;(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone;(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane,
51、 but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.(c) A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to
52、the general direction of traffic flow.(d) (i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20 metres in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use t
53、he inshore traffic zone.(ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d)(i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or toavoid immediate danger.(e)A vessel other tha
54、n a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:(i) in case of emergency to avoid immediate danger:(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone. (f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traf
55、fic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.(i) A vessel en
56、gaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.(j) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power -driven vessel following a traffic lane.(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged
57、 in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.(l) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.第十條 分道通航制1.本條適用于本組織所采納的各分道通航制, 但并不解除任何船舶遵守任何其他各條規(guī)定的
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