英美文化概論提綱

1、英美文化概論提綱 unit 1 a brief introduction to the united kingdom 1 一 a brief introduction 1全稱 the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland-p17 iii 1 2構成 england london scotland edinburgh wales cardiff nothern ireland belfast-p17 iii2 3歷史 a公元43世紀roman b公元7世紀anglo saxons 安格魯 撒克遜人 c 8世紀末 阿爾弗雷德大帝k

2、ing alfred 北歐海盜 d 1066年 諾曼征服normans william of normandy battle of hastings king harold 4.英國內戰(zhàn) civil war 資產(chǎn)階級革命 二scotland 1. glasgow 最大城市 -p16 ii 8 2. 大學 15世紀 ancient and international university -p17 iii 11 三wales unlike england it did not fall to the anglo-saxon invaders of the 5th century -p16 ii

3、11 名詞解釋 london ：the largest city located in the south of the country . london is dominant in the uk in all fields；government finance and culture.london is one of the top three financial centers in the world unit 2 a brief introduction to the united kingdom ii northern ireland 1.宗教 愛爾蘭人是天主教徒 catholic

4、s 英國人是新教徒 protestants-p33 i 6 2.1921年 獨立 irish state (分水嶺) 3.愛爾蘭南部26郡成立自由邦 北部6 郡仍屬英國p34 ii 10 4 .loyalist 民族派希望加入愛爾蘭共和國 unionist 聯(lián)合派 親英國 5.the official ira 傾向于政治手段解決 p34 iii 4 the provisional ira 軍事 p35 iii 5 “the bullet and the ballot box”p35 iii 10 6.區(qū)分 sinn fein是政黨 -p33 i 8/p35 iii 11,12 1919 ira

5、是軍事團體非政黨 7 .1973年 power-sharing mechanism 權利分享機制p34 ii 8 8.1972 “bloody sunday”p34 ii 7 91985 anglo-irish agreement -p33 i 9 10 downing street declaration 唐寧街宣言 授權英軍司令直接干預北愛治安事務 名詞解釋 1 ”home-rule”:1914年被簽署成為法律。由于一戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)，北愛自治問題未決，1916年復活節(jié)起義，南愛不接受北愛自治。 法案was finally passed in 1944.the process overtaken b

6、y the wwi and was suspended(中止) for the durationof the war. （戰(zhàn)爭期間） 2復活節(jié)起義（the eastern rising of 1916）：反英起義占領了都柏林郵局宣布成立愛爾蘭共和國，5天后被鎮(zhèn)壓。 focing british, to retake，took over dublins post office. 3 the good friday agreementp35 iii 13 14 1998 4 10 只有愛在大多數(shù)人贊同的情況下才能改變其政治地位 由愛爾蘭政府 英國政府 北愛執(zhí)行委員會 共同管理 the agreem

7、ent approved on 10 april . unless the most people of northern ireland agree , uk wont change its political status. it would be governed by the republic of ireland , great britain and its own elected executive governmentp33 i 11 unit3 the government of uk 1.君主制力量的是divine right of king（君權神授）-p46 i 4 2

8、.magna carta大憲章 限制王權 維護民權 3.parliament the great council大議會-p48 iii 5/p46 i 6 4.1689 the bill of ringhts 權利法案p48 iii 6 5.cabinet內閣 定期碰面 6.1832 公民選舉為現(xiàn)代政治體制奠定基礎-p48 iii 11 7.britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 8.democracy are australia,canada,new zealand （-head：que

9、en 總督govenor-general代表女王權利） india 9.parliament today consists of the queen,the house of lords and the house of commons.-p48 iii 10. 君主的作用 a.primarily to symbolise the tradition and unity of the british state象征英國的傳統(tǒng)與國家統(tǒng)一 b.legally head of the executive,an integral part of the legislature,head of the

10、judiciary,commander in chief of the armed forces and “supreme governor”of the church of england.-p47 ii 8 地位：most important job was to represent britain at home and abroad;her second most important job was to set standards of good citizenshi and family life. 11.the house of commons占651mps(席位) 名詞解釋 1

11、.constitutionp49 iv 2 the statute law the common law conventions 2.parliament 議會的功能 3點p49 iv 3 a.pass law b.taxation c.srutinise government policy administration&expenditure&to debate the issure總統(tǒng)班子決定政事 3. the house of lords組成p48 ii 9/p49 iv 4 lords spiritual the lords temporal the lords mainly repr

12、esent themselves instead of the interests of the public.地主階級代表他們自己而不是公眾的利益 4.the house of commonsp49 iv 5 the real center of british political life.these mps are elected in the general elections and should represent in the interest of the people who vote for them. unit 4 politics class and race 1. vote 5年一次 p66 iii 3 a特例 vote of no confidence 不信任票 p66 iii 4 in the house of commons prime minister decides p64 ii 2 b 時間限制 strictly limited “party electoral bros