課程設(shè)計(jì)-基于單片機(jī)的音樂(lè)盒的設(shè)計(jì)

單片機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用課程設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)題目基于AT89C52單片機(jī)的音樂(lè)盒的設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院專業(yè)班級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)者學(xué)號(hào)指導(dǎo)老師目錄摘要4第1章概述5第2章音樂(lè)盒的發(fā)音原理621播放音樂(lè)的原理622音符頻率的產(chǎn)生623節(jié)拍頻率的產(chǎn)生8第3章硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)931硬件電路932整體硬件電路1033原理說(shuō)明1034鍵盤按鍵10第4章軟件設(shè)計(jì)1141程序設(shè)計(jì)流程1142設(shè)計(jì)源程序代碼12第5章仿真及調(diào)試1651調(diào)試1652仿真1653程序調(diào)試中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題及解決的辦法17第6章設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié)18附錄元件清單19基于AT89C52單片機(jī)的音樂(lè)盒的設(shè)計(jì)【摘要】隨著人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們對(duì)視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)方面的享受提出了越來(lái)越高的要求。小小的音樂(lè)盒可以給人們帶來(lái)美好的回憶，提高人們的精神文化享受。傳統(tǒng)的音樂(lè)盒多是機(jī)械型的，體積笨重，發(fā)音單調(diào)，不能實(shí)現(xiàn)批量生產(chǎn)。本文設(shè)計(jì)的音樂(lè)盒是以單片機(jī)為核心元件的電子式音樂(lè)盒，體積小，重量輕，能演奏和旋音樂(lè)，功能多，使用方便，可以批量生產(chǎn)，具有一定的商業(yè)價(jià)值。【關(guān)鍵詞】音樂(lè)盒；單片機(jī)第1章概述傳統(tǒng)的音樂(lè)盒多是機(jī)械音樂(lè)盒，其工作原理是通過(guò)齒輪帶動(dòng)一個(gè)帶有鐵釘?shù)蔫F桶轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),鐵桶上的鐵釘撞擊鐵片制成的琴鍵，從而發(fā)出聲音。但是，機(jī)械式的音樂(lè)盒體積比較大，比較笨重，且發(fā)音單調(diào)。水、灰塵等外在因素，容易使內(nèi)部金屬發(fā)音條變形，從而造成發(fā)音跑調(diào)。另外，機(jī)械音樂(lè)盒放音時(shí)為了讓音色穩(wěn)定,必須放平不能動(dòng)搖，而且價(jià)格昂貴，不能實(shí)現(xiàn)大批量生產(chǎn)。本文設(shè)計(jì)的音樂(lè)盒，是基于單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)制作的電子式音樂(lè)盒。與傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械式音樂(lè)盒相比更小巧，音質(zhì)更優(yōu)美且能演奏和弦音樂(lè)。電子式音樂(lè)盒動(dòng)力來(lái)源是電池，制作工藝簡(jiǎn)單，可進(jìn)行批量生產(chǎn)，所以價(jià)格便宜?；趩纹瑱C(jī)制作的電子式音樂(lè)盒，控制功能強(qiáng)大，可根據(jù)需要選歌，使用方便。所放歌曲的節(jié)奏可以根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行設(shè)置，根據(jù)存儲(chǔ)容量的大小，可以盡可能多的存儲(chǔ)歌曲。另外，可以設(shè)計(jì)彩燈外觀效果，增設(shè)放歌時(shí)間、序號(hào)顯示燈功能，使音樂(lè)盒的功能更加豐富，如圖11所示。圖11單片機(jī)音樂(lè)盒功能框圖AT89S52單片機(jī)蜂鳴器電路控制按鍵電源電路復(fù)位電路晶振電路第2章音樂(lè)盒的發(fā)音原理21播放音樂(lè)的原理發(fā)音原理播放一段音樂(lè)需要的是兩個(gè)元素，一個(gè)是音調(diào)，另一個(gè)是音符。首先要了解對(duì)應(yīng)的音調(diào)，音調(diào)主要由聲音的頻率決定，同時(shí)也與聲音強(qiáng)度有關(guān)。對(duì)一定強(qiáng)度的純音，音調(diào)隨頻率的升降而升降；對(duì)一定頻率的純音、低頻純音的音調(diào)隨聲強(qiáng)增加而下降，高頻純音的音調(diào)卻隨強(qiáng)度增加而上升。另外，音符的頻率有所不同?；谏厦娴膬?nèi)容，這樣就對(duì)發(fā)音的原理有了一些初步的了解。音符的發(fā)音主要靠不同的音頻脈沖。利用單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器0，使其工作在模式1，定時(shí)中斷，然后控制P37引腳的輸出音樂(lè)。只要算出某一音頻的周期（1/頻率），然后將此周期除以2，即為半周期的時(shí)間，利用定時(shí)器計(jì)時(shí)這個(gè)半周期時(shí)間，每當(dāng)計(jì)時(shí)到后就將輸出脈沖的I/O反相，然后重復(fù)計(jì)時(shí)此半周期時(shí)間再對(duì)I/O反相，就可在I/O腳上得到此頻率的脈沖。22音符頻率的產(chǎn)生音符及定時(shí)器初始值例如中音1（DO）的音頻523HZ,周期T1/523S1912S定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器0的定時(shí)時(shí)間為T/21912/2956S定時(shí)器956的計(jì)數(shù)值定時(shí)時(shí)間/機(jī)器周期956/1956時(shí)鐘頻率S12MHZ裝入T0計(jì)數(shù)器初值為6553695664580將64580裝入T0寄存器中，啟動(dòng)T0工作后，每計(jì)數(shù)956次時(shí)將產(chǎn)生溢出中斷，進(jìn)入中斷服務(wù)時(shí)，每次對(duì)P30引腳的輸出值進(jìn)行取反，就可得到中音DO（523HZ）的音符音頻。將51單片機(jī)內(nèi)部定時(shí)器工作在計(jì)數(shù)器模式1下，改變計(jì)數(shù)初值TH0,TL0以產(chǎn)生不同的頻率。下表21是C調(diào)各音符頻率與計(jì)數(shù)初值T的對(duì)照表表21C調(diào)各音符頻率與計(jì)數(shù)初值T的對(duì)照表音符頻率（HZ）/初值S音符頻率（HZ）/初值S低1DO262/63627中1DO523/64580高1DO1042/65056低2RE294/63835中2RE589/64687高2RE1245/65134低3M330/64021中3M661/64780高3M1318/65157低4FA350/64107中4FA700/64822高4FA1397/65178低5SO393/64264中5SO786/64900高5SO1568/65217低6LA441/64402中6LA882/64969高6LA1760/65252低7SI495/64526中7SI990/65031高7SI1967/65282音符、音符編碼及定時(shí)器初始值為了產(chǎn)生音符，必須求出音符低音5高音5的計(jì)數(shù)初值。例如C調(diào)的低1DO的THTL6553650000/26263627，中音DO的THTL65536500000/52364580,高音DO的THTL65536500000/104265056。為了方便寫(xiě)譜，對(duì)其進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的編碼，在編程時(shí)，根據(jù)音符編碼查找對(duì)應(yīng)的計(jì)數(shù)初值。比如說(shuō)音樂(lè)是C調(diào)的，那么出現(xiàn)低音的5SO，直接將代碼寫(xiě)為1；出現(xiàn)低音6LA,直接寫(xiě)一個(gè)2的代碼；出現(xiàn)低音7SI，直接寫(xiě)一個(gè)3代碼。表22音符編碼表音符音符編碼音符音符編碼不發(fā)音0低5SO1低6LA2低7SI3中1DO4中2RE5中3M6中4FA7中5SO8中6LA9中7SIA高1DOB高2REC高3MD高4FAE高5SOF高6LAG23節(jié)拍頻率的產(chǎn)生節(jié)拍的產(chǎn)生與編碼音樂(lè)中的節(jié)拍用延時(shí)時(shí)間產(chǎn)生。例如，1拍04S，1/4拍01S，以此類推。假設(shè)1/4拍執(zhí)行一次延時(shí)程序，則1/2拍就執(zhí)行兩次延時(shí)程序，所以只要求出1/4拍的延時(shí)時(shí)間，其余節(jié)拍就是它的倍數(shù)。為了方便，將節(jié)拍數(shù)也進(jìn)行了編碼，并且計(jì)算了樂(lè)譜節(jié)拍編程時(shí)的延時(shí)時(shí)間，如表23和表24所示。表23節(jié)拍數(shù)編碼表按1/4拍為一個(gè)延時(shí)時(shí)間的節(jié)拍編碼與節(jié)拍對(duì)應(yīng)的表按1/8拍為一個(gè)延時(shí)時(shí)間的節(jié)拍編碼與節(jié)拍對(duì)應(yīng)的表節(jié)拍編碼節(jié)拍節(jié)拍編碼節(jié)拍節(jié)拍編碼節(jié)拍節(jié)拍編碼節(jié)拍11/466/411/866/822/488/422/888/833/4A10/433/8A10/844/4C12/444/8C12/855/4F15/455/8表24樂(lè)譜節(jié)拍編程時(shí)的時(shí)間延時(shí)表樂(lè)譜節(jié)拍1/4拍的延時(shí)時(shí)間樂(lè)譜節(jié)拍1/8拍的延時(shí)時(shí)間4/4125MS4/462MS3/4187MS3/494MS2/4250MS2/4125MS音符編碼和節(jié)拍編碼完成后，在編程時(shí)，每個(gè)音符占一個(gè)字節(jié)，高四位是音符編碼，低四位是節(jié)拍編碼。第3章硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)31硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)中用到了AT89C52單片機(jī)，33鍵盤，蜂鳴器等硬件電路常用元器件。311時(shí)鐘復(fù)位電路時(shí)鐘電路由單片機(jī)XTAL1、XTAL2引腳外接晶振（12MHZ）及起振電容C1、C2（均為30PF）組成。如圖31所示圖31時(shí)鐘復(fù)位電路312按鍵輸入電路按鍵輸入電路由33矩陣鍵盤組成，P3口作為輸入控制按鍵，其中P34P36掃描行，P30P12掃描列。圖32按鍵輸入電路32整體硬件電路如圖33所示圖33音樂(lè)盒硬件電路原理圖33原理說(shuō)明當(dāng)鍵盤有鍵按下時(shí)，判斷鍵值，啟動(dòng)計(jì)數(shù)器T0，產(chǎn)生一定頻率的脈沖，驅(qū)動(dòng)蜂鳴器，放出樂(lè)曲。（1）硬件電路中用P3口控制按鍵，其中P30P32掃描列，P34P16掃描行；（2）用P10口控制蜂鳴器；（3）電路為12MHZ晶振頻率工作，起振電路中C1,C2均為30PF。34鍵盤按鍵鍵盤按鍵分布如下按鍵功能說(shuō)明12345678915五首歌曲6上一首歌曲7關(guān)機(jī)8暫停9下一首歌曲第4章軟件設(shè)計(jì)本程序可以實(shí)現(xiàn)該課程設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求，并可以通過(guò)按鍵播放達(dá)10首歌曲。41程序設(shè)計(jì)流程程序設(shè)計(jì)流程圖如圖41所示圖41程序設(shè)計(jì)流程圖主程序開(kāi)始初始化計(jì)數(shù)器T0，計(jì)時(shí)器T1等待按鍵，是否有按鍵包括播放鍵，暫停鍵，停止鍵依據(jù)按鍵碼演奏對(duì)應(yīng)的歌曲YN42設(shè)計(jì)源程序代碼ORG0000HLJMPMAINORG000BH定時(shí)器T0溢出中斷入口地址LJMPTT0ORG001BH定時(shí)器T1溢出中斷入口地址LJMPT1INTORG1000HMAINMOVSP,70HLCALLINITIL內(nèi)存初始化WAITLCALLKEYLJMPWAITKEY鍵盤掃描NOPNOPLCALLKSJNZK1有按鍵轉(zhuǎn)到K1MOVA,37HLCALLSOPXNLJMPKEYK1LCALLKSJNZK2LJMPKEYK2讀鍵盤MOVR2,0FEHMOVR4,00HK3MOVA,R2MOVP3,AMOVA,P3JBACC4,L1為1跳轉(zhuǎn)，第一行無(wú)按鍵MOVA,01HLJMPLKL1JBACC5,L2MOVA,04HLJMPLKL2JBACC6,NEXT1MOVA,07HLKADDA,R4PUSHACCK4LCALLDELAY1LCALLKSJNZK4若同時(shí)有其他按鍵，則等待同時(shí)按視為無(wú)效MOVR3,07HCLRAMOVR0,30HMOVR1,31HMM1MOVA,R1鍵值給37HMOVR0,AINCR0INCR1DJNZR3,MM1POPACCMOVR0,ARETNEXT1INCR4列掃描MOVA,R2JNBACC2,N2LJMPN1N2LJMPKEYN1RLAMOVR2,ALJMPK3KSMOVA,0F0H判斷P1口MOVP3,ANOPNOPMOVA,P3CPLAANLA,0F0HRETDELAY1延時(shí)255MS6341US101031USSETBRS0DLMOVR5,0AHDL2MOVR6,63DL3NOPNOPDJNZR6,DL3DJNZR5,DL2CLRRS0RETINITIL30H37H初值為零MOVR3,08HMOVR0,30HM1MOVR0,00HINCR0DJNZR3,M1CLRP10RET按鍵值播放歌曲SOPMOVA,37HCJNEA,01H,A11MOV52H,HIGHTABLE10MOV53H,LOWTABLE10LCALLMAIN0A11CJNEA,02H,A22MOV52H,HIGHTABLE20MOV53H,LOWTABLE20LCALLMAIN0A22CJNEA,03H,A33MOV52H,HIGHTABLE30MOV53H,LOWTABLE30LCALLMAIN0A33CJNEA,04H,A44MOV52H,HIGHTABLE40MOV53H,LOWTABLE40LCALLMAIN0A44CJNEA,05H,A55MOV52H,HIGHTABLE50MOV53H,LOWTABLE50LCALLMAIN0A55RETDELAYMOVR4,05D1MOVR5,0FFHDJNZR5,DJNZR4,D1RETMAIN0MOVTMOD,11H播放歌曲程序MOVIE,8AHMOVTH1,3CHMOVTL1,0B0HLCALLKSJNZTTM12MOV40H,00HNEXT20MOVA,40HMOVDPH,52HMOVDPL,53HMOVCA,ADPTRMOVR2,AJZSTOPANLA,0FHMOVR1,AMOVA,R2SWAPAANLA,0FHJNZSINGCLRTR0JMPW1SINGDECAMOV22H,ARLAMOVDPTR,TABLE00MOVCA,ADPTRMOVTH0,AMOV21H,AMOVA,22HRLAINCAMOVCA,ADPTRMOVTL0,AMOV20H,ASETBTR0SETBTR1W1LCALLDELAY30INC40HLCALLKS有鍵跳出JNZSTOPLJMPNEXT20STOPCLRTR0CLRTR1CLRP10LJMPMAIN0TTM12LCALLK2MOVA,37HCJNEA,08H,TTM13暫停CLRTR1CLRP10LCALLDELAY1TTM120LCALLKSLCALLDELAY1JZTTM120LCALLK2MOVA,37HCJNEA,08H,TTM120SETBTR1LJMPNEXT20TTM13CJNEA,09H,TTM14下一曲MOVA,52HINCAMOV52H,AMOVA,53HINCAMOV53H,AMOVA,36HINCAMOV37H,ALJMPTTM2TTM14CJNEA,06H,TTM2上一曲MOVA,52HDECAMOV52H,AMOVA,53HDECAMOV53H,AMOVA,36HDECAMOV37H,ATTM2RETTT0PUSHACC定時(shí)器中斷子程序0PUSHPSWMOVTL0,20HMOVTH0,21HCPLP10獲得脈沖POPPSWPOPACCRETI定時(shí)器中斷子程序1T1INTMOVTH1,3CHMOVTL1,0B0HRETIDELAY30MOVR7,2W2MOVR4,125W3MOVR3,248DJNZR3,DJNZR4,W3DJNZR7,W2DJNZR1,DELAY30RETTABLE00DW64580,64684,64777,6482音符DW64898,64968,65030,64260DW64400,64524,65058,63835,64021TABLE10第一首精忠報(bào)國(guó)DB66H,52H,36H,22H,12H,12H,22H,32H,98H,84H,82H,92H,14H,12H,22HDB32H,52H,22H,42H,38H,66H,52H,36H,22H,12H,22H,22H,32H,98HDB24H,22H,32H,54H,52H,32H,92H,12H,92H,82H,98H,66H,52H,36H,22HDB12H,12H,22H,32H,98H,84H,82H,92H,14H,12H,22H,32H,52H,22H,42H,38HDB66H,52H,36H,22H,12H,22H,22H,32H,98H,24H,22H,32H,54H,52H,32HDB22H,12H,92H,82H,98H,14H,24H,34H,44H,64H,0B4H,64H,32H,52HDB62H,0B2H,62H,52H,38H,24H,22H,32H,54H,52H,62H,52H,32H,32H,22H,38HDB64H,0B4H,64H,32H,52H,62H,0B2H,62H,52H,38H,22H,22H,22H,32H,52H,52HDB52H,62H,7FH,74H,04H,58H,6FHDB00TABLE20第二首月亮代表我的心DB02H,82HDB16H,32H,54H,02H,52HDB0A6H,32H,54H,02H,52HDB64H,74H,0B6H,64HDB52H,5CH,32H,22HDB16H,12H,14H,32H,22HDB16H,12H,14H,22H,32HDB26H,12H,94H,22H,32HDB2CHDB32H,52HDB36H,22H,14H,54HDB0ACH,92H,0A2HDB96H,0A2H,96H,82HDB3CH,54HDB36H,22H,14H,54HDB0ACH,92H,0A2HDB16H,12H,14H,22H,32HDB2CH,02H,82HDB16H,32H,56H,12HDB0A6H,32H,56H,52HDB66H,72H,0B6H,62HDB62H,52H,58H,32H,22HDB16H,12H,14H,32H,22HDB16H,12H,14H,22H,32HDB26H,92H,0A4H,12H,22HDB1CHDB00TABLE30第三首大海DB82H,92H,12H,14H,12H,14H,92H,82H,12H,14H,22H,14H,92H,12H,22H,24HDB22H,24H,12H,92H,22H,24H,32H,24H,32H,52H,62H,54H,52H,64H,52H,32HDB22H,32H,22H,12H,94H,82H,92H,12H,14H,12H,14H,94H,1CHDB82H,92H,12H,14H,12H,14H,92H,82H,12H,14H,22H,14H,92H,12H,22H,24HDB22H,24H,12H,92H,22H,24H,32H,24H,32H,52H,62H,54H,52H,64H,52H,32HDB22H,32H,22H,12H,94H,82H,92H,12H,14H,12H,14H,22H,12H,1CH,32H,52HDB62H,64H,62H,64H,0B2H,62H,52H,54H,62H,54H,32H,22HDB12H,14H,12H,14H,24H,3CH,32H,22H,12H,14H,12H,14H,0B2H,62H,52H,54H,62H,54H,32H,52HDB66H,0B2H,0B4H,62H,52H,5CH,32H,52H,62H,64H,62H,64H,0B2H,62H,52H,54HDB62H,54H,32H,22H,12H,14H,12H,14H,54H,3CH,32H,22H,12H,14H,12H,14H,22H,32HDB52H,54H,32H,54H,32H,52H,6FH,04H,02H,92H,32H,24H,12H,1FHDB00TABLE40第四首彩云追月DB86H,92H,12H,22H,32H,52H,68H,63H,52H,34H,62H,0B2H,0B2H,62H,51H,61H,51H,31H,54HDB62H,0B2H,0B2H,62H,52H,32H,52H,52H,51H,61H,51H,31H,34H,52H,62H,74H,32H,52H,52H,32HDB21H,31H,21H,11H,24HDB32H,52H,52H,32H,22H,12H,24H,32H,52H,52H,32H,62H,52H,61H,51HDB31H,21H,21H,31H,21H,11H,1CHDB21H,31H,22H,23H,31H,21H,18H,02H,0B2H,0BCH,0B4H,72H,61H,51H,72H,61HDB71H,61H,51H,61H,71H,61H,6FHDB86H,94H,12H,22H,32H,52H,64H,62H,51H,31H,52H,21H,31H,21H,33H,62H,0B2H,0B2H,62HDB51H,61H,51H,31H,54HDB62H,0B2H,72H,61H,51H,51H,61H,51H,31H,54H,61H,0B2H,72H,61H,51H,51H,61H,51H,31H,32HDB21H,11H,32H,51H,61H,54HDB02H,32H,24H,32H,52H,52H,32H,22H,31H,21H,11H,24H,32H,52H,62H,0B2H,72H,61H,51H,61HDB51H,31H,32H,52H,52H,32H,62HDB51H,31H,31H,21H,11H,91H,23H,31H,21H,1CH,12H,24H,32H,62H,51H,31H,34H,0B4H,72HDB61H,51H,63H,71H,64HDB0B2H,54H,72H,62H,71H,61H,54H,61H,51H,31H,21H,34H,73H,61H,54H,22H,32H,52H,22H,36HDB52H,62H,61H,31H,32H,21H,11H,21H,11H,91H,81HDB94H,52H,62H,52H,42H,32H,22H,32H,52H,0B4H,74H,64H,52H,61H,51H,41H,5CH,02H,52H,0B4H,74HDB63H,51H,61H,51H,31H,21HDB00TABLE50第五首看我七十二變DB0D4H,84H,94H,82H,92HDB12H,22H,82H,92H,02H,92H,82H,0D2HDB82H,92H,14H,84H,02H,0D1H,0D1HDB0C2H,0D2H,84H,0D2H,0D2H,82H,82HDB84H,82H,82H,94H,82H,0D2HDB82H,82H,82H,92H,02H,82H,82H,0D2HDB0C4H,84H,0D4H,92H,0D2HDB82H,0D2H,82H,92H,98HDB04H,94H,88HDB04H,94H,88HDB04H,94H,88HDB04H,94H,88H,04HDB32H,32H,22H,12H,02H,92H,12H,92HDB32H,32H,22H,12H,02H,92H,12H,92HDB32H,32H,22H,12H,02H,92H,12H,22HDB54H,44H,34H,12H,22HDB34H,22H,12H,02H,92H,12H,92HDB32H,32H,22H,12H,02H,92H,12H,92HDB32H,32H,22H,12H,02H,92H,12H,22HDB54H,44H,32H,22H,12H,92HDB00END第5章仿真及調(diào)試51調(diào)試（1）按照第2章設(shè)計(jì)的硬件電路在PROTEUS軟件內(nèi)畫(huà)好電路圖。（2）打開(kāi)單片機(jī)軟件開(kāi)發(fā)系統(tǒng)KEIL，選擇AT89C51單片機(jī)，在其中編寫(xiě)程序，運(yùn)行生成一個(gè)HEX文件。（3）電路檢查無(wú)誤后，雙擊AT89C51單片機(jī)，打開(kāi)編輯元件對(duì)話框（如圖51所示），將已經(jīng)在KEIL環(huán)境下調(diào)試好的程序HEX文件加載到單片機(jī)上。圖51加載單片機(jī)程序52仿真（1）按下15中的某一按鍵，蜂鳴器播放當(dāng)前樂(lè)曲。（2）按下6鍵，則蜂鳴器響起上一首樂(lè)曲。（3）按下9鍵，則蜂鳴器響起下一首樂(lè)曲。（4）按下8鍵，則蜂鳴器停止當(dāng)前音樂(lè)的播放再次按下8鍵后，音樂(lè)繼續(xù)播放。53程序調(diào)試中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題及解決的辦法1有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)程序一點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤也沒(méi)有，但就是不能正常運(yùn)行的現(xiàn)象，最后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)是因?yàn)槌绦蛑杏械闹噶顣?shū)寫(xiě)得不規(guī)范導(dǎo)致的，例如有的RET返回指令一定要按正確格式書(shū)寫(xiě)或在兩行指令間最好不要留空行。2程序中的跳轉(zhuǎn)指令的運(yùn)用很重要，為保險(xiǎn)起見(jiàn)，都用LJMP,我們就遇到過(guò)跳轉(zhuǎn)指令用錯(cuò)程序無(wú)法正常運(yùn)行的現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)用JNZ指令時(shí)，跳轉(zhuǎn)范圍比較少，這時(shí)要用一個(gè)標(biāo)號(hào)中轉(zhuǎn)。3編程時(shí)要注意，在程序開(kāi)始時(shí)，要寫(xiě)入各定時(shí)器中斷的入口地址。4編程過(guò)程中要注意加注釋或分割線，否則，在程序過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)容易變得很亂，不便于查找或更改。5程序的結(jié)構(gòu)要設(shè)計(jì)的合理，避免上下亂調(diào)用的現(xiàn)象，這樣會(huì)使程序更加清晰化。6編程前要加流程圖，這樣會(huì)使思路清晰，如設(shè)計(jì)思路完全可以按著MP3的工作方式列寫(xiě)流程圖。7兩個(gè)定時(shí)器同時(shí)工作，存在中斷時(shí)序問(wèn)題，剛開(kāi)始時(shí)我們把定時(shí)器1設(shè)定在方式3，計(jì)250US，由于定時(shí)中斷過(guò)于頻繁，使CPU負(fù)載過(guò)大，導(dǎo)致音樂(lè)不能正常播放，時(shí)間不能正常顯示。解決辦法將定時(shí)器1設(shè)定在工作方式1，16位計(jì)數(shù)，計(jì)50MS,效果有很大改觀。8在歌曲中，當(dāng)遇到一個(gè)音符發(fā)音為4拍，在編曲中為CH，托因時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，當(dāng)定時(shí)器T1此時(shí)來(lái)中斷時(shí)，就會(huì)對(duì)歌曲播放產(chǎn)生影響，若改為發(fā)音一拍，中斷對(duì)歌曲播放影響減弱，但音樂(lè)效果變差。9改進(jìn)方案若采用可以定時(shí)時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)的單片機(jī)，可以避免其中的一些問(wèn)題。第6章設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié)1本學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)單片機(jī)的時(shí)間很短，對(duì)單片機(jī)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)，軟件設(shè)計(jì)掌握的深度不夠，但通過(guò)此次課程設(shè)計(jì)，卻改變了很多。首先，對(duì)于硬件電路的工作原理有了進(jìn)一步的學(xué)習(xí)，同樣就有了進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)；其次，軟件方面，在程序的設(shè)計(jì)，程序的調(diào)試方面都學(xué)到了很多東西。2在一個(gè)好的氛圍里才能踏下心來(lái)做東西，在這幾天課程設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)間里，大家努力的氛圍對(duì)我的影響很大，這也是我能完成課程設(shè)計(jì)的動(dòng)力。另外在編程中出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)，一定要戒驕戒躁，腳踏實(shí)地，認(rèn)真看書(shū)，仔細(xì)分析，仔細(xì)調(diào)試，就一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，克服困難，我也是這么做的，這在課程設(shè)計(jì)中十分重要。3在大學(xué)課堂的學(xué)習(xí)只是純理論的專業(yè)知識(shí)，而我們應(yīng)該把所學(xué)的用到現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中去，此次的音樂(lè)盒設(shè)計(jì)給我奠定了一個(gè)實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)，我會(huì)在以后的學(xué)習(xí)、生活中磨練自己，使自己適應(yīng)社會(huì)激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。附錄元器件清單名稱數(shù)量（個(gè)）型號(hào)/參數(shù)備注單片機(jī)1AT89C51按鍵開(kāi)關(guān)10BUTTON普通電阻410K（1個(gè)），1K（2個(gè)），100（1個(gè)）電容330PF（2個(gè)），10UF（1個(gè)）晶振112MHZ三極管1PNP蜂鳴器1SPEAKERGANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALCLAIMEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALSSORTOUTDISAGREEMENTSBETWEENEMPLOYERSANDEMPLOYEESYOUMAYNEEDTOMAKEACLAIMTOANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALIFYOUDONTAGREEWITHTHEDISCIPLINARYACTIONYOUREMPLOYERHASTAKENAGAINSTYOUYOUREMPLOYERDISMISSESYOUANDYOUTHINKTHATYOUHAVEBEENDISMISSEDUNFAIRLYFORMOREINFORMATIONABOUTDISMISSALANDUNFAIRDISMISSAL,SEEDISMISSALYOUCANMAKEACLAIMTOANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNAL,EVENIFYOUHAVENTAPPEALEDAGAINSTTHEDISCIPLINARYACTIONYOUREMPLOYERHASTAKENAGAINSTYOUHOWEVER,IFYOUWINYOURCASE,THETRIBUNALMAYREDUCEANYCOMPENSATIONAWARDEDTOYOUASARESULTOFYOURFAILURETOAPPEALREMEMBERTHATINMOSTCASESYOUMUSTMAKEANAPPLICATIONTOANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALWITHINTHREEMONTHSOFTHEDATEWHENTHEEVENTYOUARECOMPLAININGABOUTHAPPENEDIFYOURAPPLICATIONISRECEIVEDAFTERTHISTIMELIMIT,THETRIBUNALWILLNOTUSUALLYACCEPTITIFYOUAREWORRIEDABOUTHOWTHETIMELIMITSAPPLYTOYOU,TAKEADVICEFROMONEOFTHEORGANISATIONSLISTEDUNDERFURTHERHELPEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALSARELESSFORMALTHANSOMEOTHERCOURTS,BUTITISSTILLALEGALPROCESSANDYOUWILLNEEDTOGIVEEVIDENCEUNDERANOATHORAFFIRMATIONMOSTPEOPLEFINDMAKINGACLAIMTOANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALCHALLENGINGIFYOUARETHINKINGABOUTMAKINGACLAIMTOANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNAL,YOUSHOULDGETHELPSTRAIGHTAWAYFROMONEOFTHEORGANISATIONSLISTEDUNDERFURTHERHELPIFYOUAREBEINGREPRESENTEDBYASOLICITORATTHETRIBUNAL,THEYMAYASKYOUTOSIGNANAGREEMENTWHEREYOUPAYTHEIRFEEOUTOFYOURCOMPENSATIONIFYOUWINTHECASETHISISKNOWNASADAMAGESBASEDAGREEMENTINENGLANDANDWALES,YOURSOLICITORCANTCHARGEYOUMORETHAN35OFYOURCOMPENSATIONIFYOUWINTHECASEIFYOUARETHINKINGABOUTSIGNINGUPFORADAMAGESBASEDAGREEMENT,YOUSHOULDMAKESUREYOURECLEARABOUTTHETERMSOFTHEAGREEMENTITMIGHTBEBESTTOGETADVICEFROMANEXPERIENCEDADVISER,FOREXAMPLE,ATACITIZENSADVICEBUREAUTOFINDYOURNEARESTCAB,INCLUDINGTHOSETHATGIVEADVICEBYEMAIL,CLICKONNEARESTCABFORMOREINFORMATIONABOUTMAKINGACLAIMTOANEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNAL,SEEEMPLOYMENTTRIBUNALSTHELACKOFAIRUPTHEREWATCHMCAYMANISLANDSBASEDWEBB,THEHEADOFFIFASANTIRACISMTASKFORCE,ISINLONDONFORTHEFOOTBALLASSOCIATIONS150THANNIVERSARYCELEBRATIONSANDWILLATTENDCITYSPREMIERLEAGUEMATCHATCHELSEAONSUNDAY“IAMGOINGTOBEATTHEMATCHTOMORROWANDIHAVEASKEDTOMEETYAYATOURE,“HETOLDBBCSPORT“FORMEITSABOUTHOWHEFELTANDIWOULDLIKETOSPEAKTOHIMFIRSTTOFINDOUTWHATHISEXPERIENCEWAS“UEFAHASOPENEDDISCIPLINARYPROCEEDINGSAGAINSTCSKAFORTHE“RACISTBEHAVIOUROFTHEIRFANS“DURINGCITYS21WINMICHELPLATINI,PRESIDENTOFEUROPEANFOOTBALLSGOVERNINGBODY,HASALSOORDEREDANIMMEDIATEINVESTIGATIONINTOTHEREFEREESACTIONSCSKASAIDTHEYWERE“SURPRISEDANDDISAPPOINTED“BYTOURESCOMPLAINTINASTATEMENTTHERUSSIANSIDEADDED“WEFOUNDNORACISTINSULTSFROMFANSOFCSKA“AGEHASREACHEDTHEENDOFTHEBEGINNINGOFAWORDMAYBEGUILTYINHISSEEMSTOPASSINGALOTOFDIFFERENTLIFEBECAMETHEAPPEARANCEOFTHESAMEDAYMAYBEBACKINTHEPAST,TOONESELFTHEPARANOIDWEIRDBELIEFDISILLUSIONMENT,THESEDAYS,MYMINDHASBEENVERYMESSY,INMYMINDCONSTANTLYALWAYSFEELONESELFSHOULDGOTODOSOMETHING,ORWRITESOMETHINGTWENTYYEARSOFLIFETRAJECTORYDEEPLYSHALLOW,SUDDENLYFEELSOMETHING,DOIT一字開(kāi)頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過(guò)成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過(guò)去，對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來(lái)，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺(jué)得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么，或者寫(xiě)點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺(jué)到有些事情，非做不可了。THEENDOFOURLIFE,ANDCANMEETMANYTHINGSREALLYDO而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可DURINGMYCHILDHOOD,THINKLUCKYMONEYANDNEWCLOTHESARENECESSARYFORNEWYEAR,BUTASTHEADVANCEOFTHEAGE,WILLBEMOREANDMOREFOUNDTHATTHOSETHINGSAREOPTIONALJUNIORHIGHSCHOOL,THOUGHTTOHAVEACRUSHONJUSTMEANSTHATTHEREALGROWTH,BUTOVERTHEPASTTHREEYEARSLATER,HISWRITINGOFALUMNIINPEACE,SUDDENLYFOUNDTHATISNTREALLYGROWUP,ITSEEMSISNOTSOIMPORTANTTHENINHIGHSCHOOL,THINKDONTWANTTOGIVEVENTTOOUTYOURINNERVOICECANBEINTHEHIGHSCHOOLCHILDRENOFTHEFEELINGSINAPERIOD,BUTWASEVENTUALLYINFARCTIONWHENGRADUATIONPARTYINTHETHROAT,LATERAGAINSTOODONTHEPITCHHEHASSWEATPROFUSELY,LOOKEDATHISTHROWNABASKETBALLHOOPS,SUDDENLYFOUNDHIMSELFHASALREADYCANTREMEMBERHISAPPEARANCE童年時(shí)，覺(jué)得壓歲錢和新衣服是過(guò)年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會(huì)越來(lái)越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無(wú)；初中時(shí)，以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng)，但三年過(guò)去后，自己心平氣和的寫(xiě)同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了，好像并沒(méi)有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺(jué)得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn)，但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來(lái)再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng)，看著他投過(guò)籃球的球框時(shí)，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。ORIGINALLY,THISWORLD,CANPRODUCEACHEMICALREACTIONTOANEVENT,INADDITIONTORESOLUTELY,HAVETODO,ANDTIME原來(lái)，這個(gè)世界上，對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決，還有，時(shí)間。APERSONSTIME,YOURIDEASAREALWAYSSPECIALTOCLEARWANT,WANT,LINEISCLEAR,ASIFNOTHINGCOULDSHAKEHISALSOONCESEEMEDTOBEDETERMINEDTODOSOMETHING,BUTMOREOFTENISHEBACKEDOUTATLASTDISLIKEHISCOWARDICE,FINALLYFOUNDTHATTHEREAREALOTOFLOVE,THEREAREALOTOFMISS,LIKESHADOWREALLYHAVEBEENDOOMEDTHOSEWHODO,JUSTGREENYEARSONESELFGIVEONESELFANARMINJECTION,ORISASELFRIGHTEOUSSPIRITUAL一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒(méi)有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過(guò)自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯(cuò)過(guò)，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說(shuō)，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。ATTHEMOMENT,THESKYISDARK,THEAIRISFRESHFACTORAFTERJUSTRAINEDSUDDENLYTHOUGHTOFBLUEPLAIDSHIRTTHOSEWEREBROKENINTOVARIOUSSHAPESOFSTATIONERYFROMTHECORNERATTHEBEGINNINGOFDEEPFRIENDSHIPHAVEDECLAREDTHEENDOFTHEENCOUNTERTHATHAVENTSTARTPLANNINGTHOSEYEARS,THOSEDAYSOFDO,FINALLY,LIKEYOUTH,WILLENDINOURLIFE此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過(guò)雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場(chǎng)還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。BAUMGARTNERTHEDISAPPOINTINGNEWSMISSIONABORTEDRPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEINT