畢業(yè)論文-基于51單片機(jī)的寢室溫濕度檢測(cè)裝置系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

計(jì)控學(xué)院COLLEGEOFCOMPUTERANDCONTROLENGINEERINGQIQIHARUNIVERSITY電氣工程課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告題目基于單片機(jī)的寢室溫濕度檢測(cè)裝置的設(shè)計(jì)系別電氣工程系適用班級(jí)電氣12級(jí)指導(dǎo)教師時(shí)間學(xué)生姓名提交日期摘要隨著人們生活水平的提高，人們對(duì)健康提出了更高的要求，空氣中的濕度通過各種直接或間接途徑影響了我們的舒適感，空氣中的濕度過大或過小都會(huì)對(duì)人體健康不利。在日常生活中，溫濕度監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用很廣泛，例如機(jī)房、檔案館、材料加工場(chǎng)等場(chǎng)所，乃至我們的寢室，溫濕度與健康密切關(guān)聯(lián)，都必須控制環(huán)境的溫度和相對(duì)濕度，使其保持在一定的范圍。使用DHT11可以靈活的檢測(cè)環(huán)境的溫濕度，由用戶設(shè)定一定的閾值，實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)顯示，并且可以根據(jù)用戶要求設(shè)定報(bào)警裝置，當(dāng)溫濕度超過一定的范圍時(shí)，立即報(bào)警?；诖耍以O(shè)計(jì)了一款用51單片機(jī)控制的溫濕度監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，操作簡(jiǎn)單，使用方便。關(guān)鍵詞溫濕度；51單片機(jī)；DHDT11目錄摘要I第1章緒論111本論文的背景和意義112本論文的基本內(nèi)容113方案設(shè)計(jì)1131溫濕度監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)滿足的基本要求1132系統(tǒng)功能原理圖2第2章硬件設(shè)計(jì)321電路原理圖322電路原理圖介紹323蜂鳴器電路部分說明424晶振電路部分說明4251602模塊電路說明426濕度傳感器DHT11介紹527技術(shù)參數(shù)說明6第3章軟件設(shè)計(jì)731軟件設(shè)置實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能732軟件流程圖7第4章實(shí)驗(yàn)板測(cè)試8結(jié)論9參考文獻(xiàn)10附錄11第1章緒論11本論文的背景和意義室內(nèi)溫濕監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活非常實(shí)用，本課題研究的主要內(nèi)容是設(shè)計(jì)制作對(duì)室內(nèi)溫濕度的監(jiān)督與控制，相當(dāng)于簡(jiǎn)易空調(diào)的制作，了解空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，運(yùn)用原理設(shè)計(jì)制作方案；運(yùn)用物理知識(shí)制作控制溫濕變化設(shè)備；傳感器獲取外界溫濕度參數(shù)，51單片機(jī)編程控制，實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化設(shè)計(jì)；并用仿真軟件對(duì)控制效果進(jìn)行仿真研究。隨著科技的飛速發(fā)展和普及，高性能設(shè)備越來(lái)越多，各行各業(yè)對(duì)溫濕度的要求也越來(lái)越高。傳統(tǒng)的溫濕度監(jiān)測(cè)模式是以人為基礎(chǔ)，依靠人工輪流值班，人工巡回查看等方式來(lái)測(cè)量和記錄環(huán)境狀況信息。在這種模式下，不僅效率低下不利于人才資源的充分利用，而且缺乏科學(xué)性，許多重大事故都是由人為因素造成的，人工維護(hù)缺乏完整的管理系統(tǒng)。而問世監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)就可以解決這樣人才資源浪費(fèi)，管理不及時(shí)的問題，這是由于它的智能化設(shè)計(jì)所決定的。它的工作步驟如下感應(yīng)環(huán)境溫濕度；單片機(jī)判斷感應(yīng)到的溫濕度是否異常；若感應(yīng)到的溫濕度異常，實(shí)行措施進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)；判斷異常是否超過預(yù)設(shè)時(shí)間，若超過預(yù)設(shè)時(shí)間，則輸出異常信號(hào)報(bào)警；判斷異常是否處理完畢，若處理完畢，解除報(bào)警。這樣就可以利用控制器對(duì)機(jī)房溫濕度進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境溫濕度管理的實(shí)時(shí)性和有效性。故本次設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于類似項(xiàng)目還具有普遍意義。12本論文的基本內(nèi)容本設(shè)計(jì)完成的是溫室的溫濕度監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，利用單片機(jī)設(shè)一個(gè)溫濕度檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)，對(duì)給定的溫濕度進(jìn)行測(cè)試并實(shí)時(shí)顯示，并怕不斷當(dāng)時(shí)的溫度或濕度是否在規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)，若不是，測(cè)啟動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)。13方案設(shè)計(jì)131溫濕度監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)滿足的基本要求A溫度檢測(cè)范圍050度，相對(duì)濕度2090；B可以根據(jù)實(shí)際用途設(shè)定溫濕度報(bào)警值；C監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)可以通過模塊顯示；132系統(tǒng)功能原理圖根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求確定了系統(tǒng)的總體方案，整個(gè)方案由單片機(jī)、濕溫度傳感器、顯示模塊、報(bào)警器等五部分組成。系統(tǒng)功能原理圖如圖1所示。圖11系統(tǒng)功能原理圖第2章硬件設(shè)計(jì)21電路原理圖單片機(jī)是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的控制中樞，它指揮外圍器件協(xié)調(diào)工作，從而完成特定功能。硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)上采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，每個(gè)模塊只實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)功能，最好將各個(gè)模塊連接在一起。這種設(shè)計(jì)比較簡(jiǎn)單的就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)，電路原理圖如圖21所示溫度傳感器濕度傳感器單片機(jī)LCD顯示蜂鳴器12345678910111213141516160216PINVCCP17P16P15P14P13P12P11P10P37P36/RESTP30/RXDP31/TXDXTAL0XTAL1P32P33P34P35GND1234567891011121314151617181920J1STC11F04E12M傳傳C230PFC130PFR1300R3U1BUZZERQ1NPNR21KP32P32VCCC310UFP3P5P4VCCVCCDHT11傳傳傳傳傳傳VCC1234P3P4P5圖21電路原理圖22電路原理圖介紹本系統(tǒng)主要硬件有電源電路、溫濕度傳感器、蜂鳴器、晶振電路、復(fù)位電路、LCD顯示電路、且控制電路的核心器件是由STC紅晶科技公司生產(chǎn)的STC11F04E單片機(jī)，屬于MCS51列,STC11F04E是一種低功耗、高性能的CMOS8位微控制器，具有8K在系統(tǒng)可編程FLASH存儲(chǔ)器；相比傳統(tǒng)的51系列速度更快，且在本設(shè)計(jì)中充分利用了該單片機(jī)的資源不浪費(fèi)I/O口。片上FLASH允許程序存儲(chǔ)器在線編程。這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)使得STC11F04E為眾多嵌入式控制應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)提供高靈活、超有效的解決方案，價(jià)格低廉，性能可靠，抗干擾強(qiáng)，因此廣泛應(yīng)用在工業(yè)控制和嵌入式中。系統(tǒng)的蜂鳴器電路、晶振電路、復(fù)位電路如圖21、圖22、圖23所示圖22蜂鳴器電路圖23晶振電路圖24復(fù)位電路23蜂鳴器電路部分說明蜂鳴器額定電流小于30MA,其中使用三極管驅(qū)動(dòng)工作，為了減少功耗本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用9012晶體管。24晶振電路部分說明晶振電路采用11095MHZ的無(wú)源晶振，微調(diào)電容大小取30PF。251602模塊電路說明顯示模塊選用1602字符型液晶模塊，是目前應(yīng)用比較廣泛的液晶屏之一，電路如圖25所示。12345678910111213141516160216PINR3VCC圖251602液晶顯示電路26濕度傳感器DHT11介紹DHT11數(shù)字溫濕度傳感器是一款含有已校準(zhǔn)熟悉信號(hào)輸出的溫濕度復(fù)合傳感器，它應(yīng)用專用的數(shù)字模塊采集技術(shù)和溫濕度傳感技術(shù)，確保產(chǎn)品具有極高的可靠性和卓越的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定性。傳感器包括一個(gè)電阻式感濕元件和一個(gè)NTC測(cè)溫元件，并與一個(gè)高性能8位單片機(jī)相連接。因此該產(chǎn)品具有品質(zhì)卓越、超快響應(yīng)、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、性價(jià)比極高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。每個(gè)DHT11傳感器都在即為精確的濕度校驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn)。校準(zhǔn)系數(shù)以程序的形式存在OTP內(nèi)存中，傳感器內(nèi)部在檢測(cè)型號(hào)的處理過程中要調(diào)用這些校準(zhǔn)系數(shù)。單線制串行接口，使系統(tǒng)集成變得簡(jiǎn)易快捷。超小的體積、極低的功耗，信號(hào)傳輸距離可達(dá)20米以上，使其成為給類應(yīng)用甚至最為苛刻的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合的最佳選擇。產(chǎn)品為4針單排引腳封裝，連接方便。DHT11應(yīng)用電路如圖26圖26DHT11應(yīng)用電路27技術(shù)參數(shù)說明A供電電壓3355VDC；B輸出單總線數(shù)字信號(hào)；C測(cè)量范圍濕度2090RH，溫度050；D測(cè)量精度濕度5RH，溫度2；E分辨率濕度1RH，溫度1；F互換性可完全互換；G長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定性INCLUDETYPEDEFUNSIGNEDCHARUNINT8TYPEDEFUNSIGNEDCHARUNINT16UNSIGNEDCHARSTR1“UNSIGNEDCHARSTR2“UNSIGNEDCHARCODEDIS1“2H“UNSIGNEDCHARCODEDIS2“618T“SBITTRHP37/溫濕度傳感器DHT11數(shù)據(jù)接入SBITSTP31/狀態(tài)顯示，是為了方便調(diào)試，具體使用的時(shí)候可以不要SBITSFP32SBITLCD_RSP33SBITLCD_RWP34SBITLCD_ENP35UNINT8TH_DATA,TL_DATA,RH_DATA,RL_DATA,CK_DATAUNINT8TH_TEMP,TL_TEMP,RH_TEMP,RL_TEMP,CK_TEMPUNINT8COM_DATA,UNTEMP,TEMPUNINT8RESPOND/VOIDDELAYNOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_/毫秒級(jí)延時(shí)子程序/VOIDDELAY_MSUNSIGNEDCHARMSUNSIGNEDCHARIWHILEMSFORI0I2|TH_DATA/102|TH_DATA105DELAY_MS50SF1ELSESF1STR10CHAR0X30RH_DATA/10STR11CHAR0X30RH_DATA10STR120X2E/小數(shù)點(diǎn)/濕度小數(shù)部分STR13CHAR0X30RL_DATA/10STR150X25/“STR160X52/“R“STR170X48/“H“/溫度整數(shù)部分STR20CHAR0X30TH_DATA/10STR21CHAR0X30TH_DATA10STR220X2E/小數(shù)點(diǎn)/溫度小數(shù)部分STR23CHAR0X30TL_DATA/10STR250XDF/“STR260X43/“C“/主函數(shù)/TH,TL,RH,RL分別代表溫濕度的整數(shù)和小數(shù)部分/VOIDMAINUNSIGNEDCHARI,N0X40,MLCD_INITDELAY_USWHILE1READ_TRH/寫字符FORI0I7IDELAY_MS5LCD_DIS_POSI/顯示字符DELAY_MS5LCD_WDATADIS1IDELAY_MS5LCD_DIS_POSNI/顯示字符DELAY_MS5LCD_WDATADIS2I/寫濕度數(shù)據(jù)M0X08FORI0I7ILCD_DIS_POSMDELAY_MS5LCD_WDATASTR1IDELAY_MS5M/寫溫度數(shù)據(jù)M0X48FORI0I7ILCD_DIS_POSMDELAY_MS5LCD_WDATASTR2IDELAY_MS5M/延時(shí)DELAY_MS1000請(qǐng)刪除以下內(nèi)容，O_O謝謝THETERM“AUTISM“REFERSTOACLUSTEROFCONDITIONSAPPEARINGEARLYINCHILDHOODALLINVOLVESEVEREIMPAIRMENTSINSOCIALINTERACTION,COMMUNICATION,IMAGINATIVEABILITIES,ANDRIGID,REPETITIVEBEHAVIORSTOBECONSIDEREDANAUTISTICDISORDER,SOMEOFTHESEIMPAIRMENTSMUSTBEMANIFESTBEFORETHEAGEOFTHREETHEREFERENCEBOOKUSEDBYMENTALHEALTHPROFESSIONALSTODIAGNOSEMENTALDISORDERSISTHEDIAGNOSTICANDSTATISTICALMANUALOFMENTALDISORDERS,ALSOKNOWNASTHEDSMTHE2000EDITIONOFTHISREFERENCEBOOKTHEFOURTHEDITIONTEXTREVISIONKNOWNASDSMIVTRPLACESAUTISMINACATEGORYCALLEDPERVASIVEDEVELOPMENTALDISORDERSALLOFTHESEDISORDERSARECHARACTERIZEDBYONGOINGPROBLEMSWITHMUTUALSOCIALINTERACTIONANDCOMMUNICATION,ORTHEPRESENCEOFSTRANGE,REPETITIVEBEHAVIORS,INTERESTS,ANDACTIVITIESPEOPLEDIAGNOSEDWITHTHESEDISORDERSAREAFFECTEDINMANYWAYSFORTHEIRENTIRELIVESDESCRIPTIONEACHCHILDDIAGNOSEDWITHANAUTISTICDISORDERDIFFERSFROMEVERYOTHER,ANDSOGENERALDESCRIPTIONSOFAUTISTICBEHAVIORANDCHARACTERISTICSDONOTAPPLYEQUALLYTOEVERYCHILDSTILL,THECOMMONIMPAIRMENTSINSOCIALINTERACTION,COMMUNICATIONANDIMAGINATION,ANDRIGID,REPETITIVEBEHAVIORSMAKEITPOSSIBLETORECOGNIZECHILDRENWITHTHESEDISORDERS,ASTHEYDIFFERMARKEDLYFROMHEALTHYCHILDRENINMANYWAYSMANYPARENTSOFAUTISTICCHILDRENSENSETHATSOMETHINGISNOTQUITERIGHTEVENWHENTHEIRCHILDRENAREINFANTSTHEINFANTSMAYHAVEFEEDINGPROBLEMS,DISLIKEBEINGCHANGEDORBATHED,ORFUSSOVERANYCHANGEINROUTINETHEYMAYHOLDTHEIRBODIESRIGID,MAKINGITDIFFICULTFORPARENTSTOCUDDLETHEMOR,THEYMAYFAILTOANTICIPATEBEINGLIFTED,LYINGPASSIVELYWHILETHEPARENTREACHESFORTHEM,RATHERTHANHOLDINGTHEIRARMSUPINRETURNMOSTPARENTSOFAUTISTICCHILDRENBECOMEAWAREOFTHESTRANGENESSOFTHESEANDOTHERBEHAVIORSONLYGRADUALLYIMPAIRMENTSINSOCIALINTERACTIONAREUSUALLYAMONGTHEEARLIESTSYMPTOMSTODEVELOPTHEMOSTCOMMONSOCIALIMPAIRMENTISAKINDOFINDIFFERENCETOOTHERPEOPLE,ORALOOFNESS,EVENTOWARDSPARENTSANDCLOSECAREGIVERSTHEBABYMAYFAILTORESPONDTOHISORHERNAMEBEINGCALLEDANDMAYSHOWVERYLITTLEFACIALEXPRESSIONUNLESSEXTREMELYANGRY,UPSET,ORHAPPYBABIESWITHAUTISMMAYRESISTBEINGTOUCHED,ANDAPPEARTOBELOSTINTHEIROWNWORLD,FARFROMHUMANINTERACTIONBETWEENSEVENAND10MONTHSOFAGE,MOSTINFANTSOFTENRESISTBEINGSEPARATEDFROMAPARENTORWELLKNOWNCAREGIVER,BUTTHESEINFANTSMAYSHOWNODISTURBANCEWHENPICKEDUPBYASTRANGEROTHERCHILDRENWITHAUTISMMAYBEVERYPASSIVE,ALTHOUGHLESSRESISTANTTOEFFORTSBYOTHERSTOINTERACTHOWEVER,THEYDONOTINITIATESOCIALINTERACTIONTHEMSELVESSTILLOTHERSMAYATTEMPTTOENGAGEWITHADULTSANDPEERS,BUTINWAYSTHATSTRIKEOTHERSASINAPPROPRIATE,ORODDINADOLESCENCEANDADULTHOOD,SOMEOFTHEHIGHERFUNCTIONINGINDIVIDUALSWITHAUTISTICDISORDERSMAYAPPEAROVERLYFORMALANDPOLITETHEYMAYREACTWITHLITTLESPONTANEITY,ASIFSOCIALINTERACTIONDOESNTCOMENATURALLYOREASILYTOTHEM,ANDSOTHEYARETRYINGTOFOLLOWAPREDETERMINEDSETOFRULESSOMEINDIVIDUALSWITHAUTISMHAVENORMALINTELLIGENCE,ANDMANYHAVESPECIALTALENTSINAREASSUCHASMUSICORMEMORYHOWEVER,INDIVIDUALSWITHAUTISMMAYHAVEOTHERMENTALOREMOTIONALPROBLEMSTHATCOEXISTWITHTHEIRAUTISMSOMEOFTHESEOTHERDISORDERSMAYINCLUDEIMPULSECONTROLDISORDERS,OBSESSIVECOMPULSIVEDISORDER,MOODANDANXIETYDISORDERS,ANDMENTALRETARDATIONPSYCHOLOGICALANDFAMILYFACTORSALTHOUGHHENRYMAUDSLEY,INTHELATE1800S,WASTHEFIRSTPSYCHIATRISTTOFOCUSONVERYYOUNGCHILDRENWITHMENTALDISORDERS,ITWASTHEPSYCHIATRISTLEOKANNERWHOCOINEDTHEPHRASE“EARLYINFANTILEAUTISM“IN1943KANNERBELIEVEDTHATTHEPARENTSOFCHILDRENWITHAUTISTICBEHAVIORSWEREEMOTIONALLYCOLDANDINTELLECTUALLYDISTANTHECOINEDTHETERM“REFRIGERATORPARENTS“TODESCRIBETHEMHISBELIEFTHATPARENTALPERSONALITYANDBEHAVIORPLAYEDAPOWERFULROLEINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFAUTISTICBEHAVIORSLEFTADEVASTATINGLEGACYOFGUILTANDSELFBLAMEAMONGPARENTSOFAUTISTICCHILDRENTHATCONTINUESTOTHISDAYRECENTSTUDIESAREUNEQUIVOCAL,HOWEVER,INDEMONSTRATINGTHATPARENTSOFAUTISTICCHILDRENARENODIFFERENTFROMPARENTSOFHEALTHYCHILDRENINTHEIRPERSONALITIESORPARENTINGBEHAVIORSINFACT,MANYFAMILIESWITHANAUTISTICCHILDALSOHAVEONEORMOREPERFECTLYHEALTHYCHILDRENBECAUSEAUTISTICCHILDRENCANBEEXTREMELYSENSITIVETOCHANGE,ANYCHANGEWITHINTHEFAMILYSITUATIONCANBEPOTENTIALLYTRAUMATICTOTHEAUTISTICCHILDAMOVE,DIVORCE,BIRTHOFASIBLINGOROTHERSTRESSORSTHATOCCURINTHELIVESOFMOSTFAMILIESMAYEVOKEAMOREEXTREMEREACTIONFROMANAUTISTICCHILDWHILETHEREISNOSINGLENEUROLOGICALABNORMALITYFOUNDINCHILDRENWITHAUTISTICDISORDERS,SOMERESEARCHUSINGNONINVASIVEBRAINIMAGINGTECHNIQUESSUCHASMAGNETICRESONANCEIMAGINGMRISUGGESTSTHATCERTAINAREASOFTHEBRAINMAYBEINVOLVEDSEVERALOFTHEBRAINAREASBEINGRESEARCHEDAREKNOWNTOCONTROLEMOTIONANDTHEEXPRESSIONOFEMOTIONTHESEAREASINCLUDETHETEMPORALLOBELARGELOBEOFEACHSIDEOFTHEBRAINTHATCONTAINSASE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