藥學(xué)英語-中藥藥劑復(fù)習(xí)資料.ppt

Glossary,1.Introduction,PharmaceuticalScienceofChineseMedicinePharmaceuticsofChineseMaterialMedicaPharmaceuticsofChineseMedicinePharmaceuticalScienceofTCM,中藥藥劑學(xué),Pharmaceuticsconvertsadrugintoamedicine.drugpharmacologicallyactiveingredientinamedicine.Interactwithatargetinthebodyandexhibitsdesirablepharmacology,alternativesofdrug：medicinalagent,pharmacologicalagent,activeprinciple,activeingredient,activepharmaceuticalingredient(API),Adosageformisthephysicalformofadrugthatispresentedtothepatient.,Anexcipientisgenerallyapharmacologicallyinactivesubstancesusedasacarrierfortheactiveingredientsofamedication.Anycomponentofadosageform,otherthanthedrugsubstance,isanexcipient.,Theexcipientsarepharmacologicallyinactivebutcanhaveasignificantimpactontheperformanceofmedication.,Pharmaceutics,f:msju:tksn.藥劑學(xué)Dosageformdsdf:m劑型Biopharmaceuticalbaiu,f:msju:tikladj.生物藥劑學(xué)的Routesofdrugadministration給藥途徑,Excipientsekspntn.輔料，賦形劑Additivesdtvn.輔料，附加劑Formulationf:mjlenn.處方,Parenteralprent()r()ladj.腸胃外的，注射的Gastrointestinaltract胃腸道Absorptionrate吸收率,Glossary,2.Dispensingthechinesemateriamedica,prescription,OfficialprescriptionAgreedprescriptionPhysiciansprescription,Prescription-onlymedicinesNon-prescriptionmedicines/overthecounter,Glossary,3Sterilizationandpreservative,Techniquesofsterilizationrefertothecompletedestructionofalllivingorganismsandtheirsporesortheircompleteremovalfromthepreparation.,Sterilizationcanbeachievedbyphysical,chemicalandothermeans.,Glossary,4Comminution,sieving,mixing,Comminution,kmnjn粉碎,DrycomminutionWetcomminutionCryogeniccomminutionkradenkUltra-finecomminution,Sieving過篩,Glossary,5Thepreparationsofextractions,Decoctionsdkk()n湯劑mixtureandoralliquid中藥合劑與口服液劑syrups糖漿劑simplesyrups單糖漿decoctingpaste/concentrateddecoctions煎膏劑（膏滋）medicinalwineandtincture藥酒與酊劑LiquidextractsandExtracts流浸膏劑與浸膏劑,Glossary,6.Liquidpreparations,Homogeneoushmdnsadj.均相的Pharmacopoeia,frmkpin.藥典Bacteriostaticwater抑菌水Distillationn.蒸餾,Efficacyefksn.藥效Antioxidantsn.抗氧化劑Solubilisaten.增溶質(zhì)Colloidkldn.膠體Coarsedispersion粗分散系,Non-aqueoussolvents非水溶劑Elixirslksn.酏劑Spiritssprtn.醑劑Tincturest(k)tn.酊劑Isotonic,as()tnkadj.等滲的Preservativesprzvtvn.防腐劑Microorganismsmakrg()nz()mn.微生物shelf-lifen.保質(zhì)期Clarityklrtn.澄明度,Sedimentsedm()ntn.沉降Sedimentationrate沉降速率Flocculesflkjuln.絮凝物,Flocculationflkjuleinn.絮凝Deflocculatedsystems反絮凝體系A(chǔ)ggregatesgrgtn.聚集體Bioavailability,bao,velbltin.生物利用度,Sweetenersswit()nn.甜味劑Stabilizerssteblazn.穩(wěn)定劑Suspendingagents助懸劑Emulsifermlsfan.乳化劑Emulsification,mlsfkenn.乳化Creamingn.乳狀液分層Rheologyrldn.流變學(xué),hydrophile-lipophilebalance(HLB)親水親油平衡值Phaseinversion轉(zhuǎn)相Homogenizershmdnazn.均質(zhì)機(jī),Coalescencen.合并Microbialcontamination微生物污染,Glossary,7.Solidpreparations,Powderspaudzn.散劑Granulesgrnju:lsn.顆粒劑Granulationgrnjlenn.制粒Tablettbltn.片劑,Drygranulation干法制粒Wetgranulation濕法制粒,Fluidized-bedgranulation流化床制粒Spraydrying噴霧干燥Hardgelatincapsules明膠硬膠囊Freezedrying冷凍干燥,Diedan.模具Punchespntizn.沖頭Adhesiondhi:nn.粘附,Flowabilityflabltn.流動性Disintegrantdsntgrntn.崩解劑Lubricantslu:brkntsn.潤滑劑Glidantsldntsn.助流劑Colourantsklrntsn.著色劑Homogeneityhmdni:tin.均勻性Directcompaction直接壓實,Fillerintablets片劑填充劑Hygroscopicityharskpstn.吸濕性,Absorptionenhancer吸收促進(jìn)劑Binderbandn.粘合劑Antiadherentndhrntn.抗粘劑,Flavourflev(r)n.調(diào)味劑Colourantklrntn.著色劑concentratedpills濃縮丸Flourandwaterpastepill糊丸Waxpill蠟丸drippingpills滴丸,Glossary,8.Semi-solidpreparations,Ointmentsntmntn.軟膏劑Hydrocarbonhadrk:bnn.碳?xì)浠衔铮瑹NCreamskri:mzn.乳膏Gelsdelzn.凝膠劑Transdermaltrnzd:mladj.經(jīng)皮吸收的Percutaneousp:kju:tenisadj.經(jīng)皮的Semisolidpreparations半固體制劑Hydrocarbonbases碳?xì)浠衔锘|(zhì),Absorptionbases吸收性基質(zhì)Water-solublebases水溶性基質(zhì)Oleaginousbases油脂性基質(zhì),Glossary,9.others,aerosols氣霧劑sustainedreleasepreparation緩釋制劑controlledreleasepreparation控釋制劑,cyclodextrinscomplexs環(huán)糊精包合物hydrophobiccavity親脂性的內(nèi)穴,PillsPillsaresphericalorspherical-likesoliddosageformsmadeofpowderedcrudedrugsorcrudedrugextracts,properbindersorotherexcipients.丸劑系指原料藥物與適宜的輔料制成的球形或類球形固體制劑PowdersPowdersmaybedefinedasmixturesofpulverizedcrudedrugsorextractofcrudedrugswhichareusedfororaladministrationorexternalapplicationpulverizedplv,raz粉末狀的散劑系指原料藥物或與適宜的輔料經(jīng)粉碎、均勻混合制成的干燥粉末狀制劑。,GranulesGranulesaresoluble,suspensibleoreffervescentpreparationsingranularformwithcertainparticlesizemadefromdrugextractsorfinelypowdereddrugandsuitableexcipients.effervescentefvesnt泡騰的顆粒劑系指原料藥物與適宜的輔料混合制成具有一定粒度的干燥顆粒狀制劑TabletsTabletsaresolidpreparationslaminalorvariousshapescompressedtoextractsofcrudedrugs,orfinelypowderedcrudedrugswithsuitableexcipients,includingextracttablets,semi-extracttabletsandpowderedcrudedrugdrugtablets.片劑系指原料藥物或與適宜的輔料制成的圓形或異形的片狀固體制劑。中藥還有浸膏片、半浸膏片和全粉片等。,TrochesTrochesaresolidpreparationsofvariousshapesmadefromfinepowdersofcrudedrugsandsuitablebinders(orusingthebindingpropertyofcrudedrugsthemselves).Troches：錠劑錠劑系指飲片細(xì)粉與適宜黏合劑（或利用飲片細(xì)粉本身的黏性)制成不同形狀的固體制劑。ConcentrateddecoctionsConcentrateddecoctionsaresemifluidpreparationspreparedbydecoctingthecrudedrugsinwater,concentratingthedecoctionandaddinghoneyorsugar.(orinvertsugar)煎膏劑系指飲片用水煎煮，取煎煮液濃縮，加煉蜜或糖(或轉(zhuǎn)化糖)制成的半流體制劑。,GluesGluesaresolidlumppreparationsintendedforinternaladministration,preparedbydecoctinganimalskin,bone,shellorbornwithwater,concentratingintothickgelatinousmassandthendrying.gelatinousdltns膠劑系指將動物皮、骨、甲或角用水煎取膠質(zhì)，濃縮成稠膠狀，經(jīng)干燥后制成的固體塊狀內(nèi)服制劑。SyrupsSyrupsareconcentratedaqueoussolutionsofsucrosecontainingextractsofcrudedrugs.糖漿劑系指含有原料藥物的濃蔗糖水溶液。,Mixtures,Mixturesareliquidpreparationsintendedfororaladministration,preparedbyextractingthecrudedrugswithwaterorothersolventsinsuitableways(packageofasingledoseisalsoknownasoralliquids).,合劑系指飲片用水或其他溶劑，采用適宜的方法提取制成的口服液體制劑（單劑量灌裝者也可稱“口服液”）。,Capsules,Capsulesarepreparationsmadebymixingcrudedrugsprocessedbysuitablemethodsandappropriateexcipients,enclosingincapsuleshellorsealinginsoftcapsule.Capsulesareclassifiedintohard,softorentericshells,mainlyfororaladministration.,膠囊劑系指原料藥物或與適宜輔料充填于空心膠囊或密封于軟質(zhì)囊材中制成的固體制劑，可分為硬膠囊、軟膠囊(膠丸）、緩釋膠囊、控釋膠囊和腸溶膠囊，主要供口服用,MedicinalWines,Medicinalwinesareclearliquidpreparationspreparedbymacerationandextractionofcrudedrugswithdistilledwine.,酒劑系指飲片用蒸餾酒提取制成的澄清液體制劑。,maceration,msren浸漬,Tinctures,Tincturesareclearliquidpreparationsofmedicinalsubstancesmaceratedordissolvedinethanolofspecifiedconcentrationormadebydilutingtheliquidextracts,extendedfororaladministrationorexternalapplication.,酊劑系指將原料藥物用規(guī)定濃度的乙醇提取或溶解而制成的澄清液體制劑，也可用流浸裔稀釋制成。供口服或外用。,Gels,Gelsaresemisolidorthickliquidpreparationswithgelnatureswhicharemadebymixingextractsofcrudedrugsandsuitablebases.Gelsaredivisibleintowatersolublegetsaccordingtothecharactersofthebasesused.,凝膠劑系指原料藥物與能形成凝膠的輔料制成的具凝膠特性的稠厚液體或半固體制劑,LiquidextractsandExtracts,Liquidextractsorextractsarepreparationsmadebysoakingcrudedrugsinsuitabl