大學(xué)有機(jī)化學(xué)羧酸及其衍生物習(xí)題答案

relationship between Government and business. The two sessions, General Secretary of Pro, clear the word succinctly summarized the new relationship between Government and business, as pure politics, reshaping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders in handling political and business relations, engage in trading power for money, and finally stumbled, we a lesson, always keep in mind that Pro, clean practicing Pro, clear. Pro is to open a sincere engagement with private enterprise to help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of power, exercised in accordance with, private entrepreneurs with innocent purity, not abusing power for personal gain, not to engage in trading power for money. Third, in order to maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice is the lifeline of the rule of law, is the best development environment. Currently, lax law enforcement and the judicial sector in our region also exist to varying degrees, law enforcement departments and individual window units power for personal gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases in which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and people. Especially some law enforcement and inspection for profit purposes, deliberately looking for corporate loopholes, found directly under the ticket does not give business improvement opportunities. We recruit a company doesnt easily, cultivating a business more difficult, never for personal gain, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enterprise collapsed. To guarantee the legitimate rights and interests. Always proceed from the overall situation of reform and development of services, fully consider the characteristics of production and management in non-public enterprises and social benefits, an accurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs and practitioners in innovation and entrepreneurship, enhancing expectations and confidence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, improve law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervision of law enforcement, exploration and practice of risk control mechanism of law enforcement to further standardize the social security, urban management, road traffic administrative law enforcement, effectively free, extensive law-enforcement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and other issues. To uphold justice. Justice is the last line of Defense to safeguard fairness and justice, to unequivocally support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level . Judicial activities were rampant, must not be allowed to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to abuse of power, to make forest mass can be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four to deepen grass-roots governance according to lawchain do long, and put scale big. To serve the development of enterprises. Duocuo simultaneously improving service efficiency, build better public services platform, enhance work efficiency, initiative to help businesses solve the project procedures, financing loans, issues such as land-use approval, reduce operating costs, business travel light and enhance the confidence to overcome all kinds of difficulties and the Foundation, real entrepreneurial passion play entrepreneurship, enhance the internal vitality and creativity. SI XING an construction, promoting the rule of law, tries to make the transformation of forest development XI General Secretary stressed, to reinvigorate Northeast China, optimized development environment is very important. Environment of rule of law most gather Moss, the most conducive to development. Improving the leading cadres using the method of thought and the rule of law Administration work, problem-solving, the ability to promote the development, is the key to promoting the rule of law. The law may affect the efficiency of out of the path of development will be more smooth, won development gains will be sustained, and end with greater efficiency. Leading cadres at all levels should take the lead in respect of law law, abide by, and actively foster Socialist culture, actively promoting the field of multi-level governance according to law, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find law, solve the problem by law, in accordance with the law prevail. XXX administration by law of leading cadres do not exist on the rule of law, law enforcement, casual, and vow not to investors, the new scores and other turmoil. These important expositions on my district create good development environment with highly targeted and guidance, especially the General Secretary pointed out that the chaos in my area also exists to varying degrees, some even quite serious. Leading cadres at all levels must improve the development environment of rule of law as a fundamental task, adhere to the problem oriented, solid and solve the problems in the construction of rule of law, to rule the new effect for development environment improvements. To hold key minority. Leaders of this group, although few in number, but the effect is critical. If a local leaders take the lead right according to law, in accordance with the law, the local CPPCC fresh, pragmatic and efficient development environment. Conversely, if a local leaders of ignoring the law, impunity, not only the political environment will be destroyed, will have serious implications for the development environment. Now, some leading cadres lack of awareness on the importance of learning, that learn or not does not matter. Think efficiency is too low too much, act according to the procedure, than an executive order getting along with. In dealing with complex issues, often speak of settling and done; on the issue of handling letters and visits, like to spend money and buy stop and stable, but disregard the law administration, in accordance with the law, the rulechain do long, and put scale big. To serve the development of enterprises. Duocuo simultaneously improving service efficiency, build better public services platform, enhance work efficiency, initiative to help businesses solve the project procedures, financing loans, issues such as land-use approval, reduce operating costs, business travel light and enhance the confidence to overcome all kinds of difficulties and the Foundation, real entrepreneurial passion play entrepreneurship, enhance the internal vitality and creativity. SI XING an construction, promoting the rule of law, tries to make the transformation of forest development XI General Secretary stressed, to reinvigorate Northeast China, optimized development environment is very important. Environment of rule of law most gather Moss, the most conducive to development. Improving the leading cadres using the method of thought and the rule of law Administration work, problem-solving, the ability to promote the development, is the key to promoting the rule of law. The law may affect the efficiency of out of the path of development will be more smooth, won development gains will be sustained, and end with greater efficiency. Leading cadres at all levels should take the lead in respect of law law, abide by, and actively foster Socialist culture, actively promoting the field of multi-level governance according to law, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find law, solve the problem by law, in accordance with the law prevail. XXX administration by law of leading cadres do not exist on the rule of law, law enforcement, casual, and vow not to investors, the new scores and other turmoil. These important expositions on my district create good development environment with highly targeted and guidance, especially the General Secretary pointed out that the chaos in my area also exists to varying degrees, some even quite serious. Leading cadres at all levels must improve the development environment of rule of law as a fundamental task, adhere to the problem oriented, solid and solve the problems in the construction of rule of law, to rule the new effect for development environment improvements. To hold key minority. Leaders of this group, although few in number, but the effect is critical. If a local leaders take the lead right according to law, in accordance with the law, the local CPPCC fresh, pragmatic and efficient development environment. Conversely, if a local leaders of ignoring the law, impunity, not only the political environment will be destroyed, will have serious implications for the development environment. Now, some leading cadres lack of awareness on the importance of learning, that learn or not does not matter. Think efficiency is too low too much, act according to the procedure, than an executive order getting along with. In dealing with complex issues, often speak of settling and done; on the issue of handling letters and visits, like to spend money and buy stop and stable, but disregard the law administration, in accordance with the law, the rule第十章 羧酸和取代羧酸習(xí)題1 用系統(tǒng)命名法命名下列化合物（標(biāo)明構(gòu)型）。(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)2.寫出下列化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)式。(1)反-4-羥基環(huán)己烷羧酸（優(yōu)勢(shì)構(gòu)象） (2)（2S，3R）-2-羥基-3-苯基丁酸(3)7，9，11-十四碳三烯酸 (4)（R）-2-苯氧基丁酸(5)丙二酸二甲酯 (6)（E）-4-氯-2-戊烯酸(7)2-甲基-4-硝基苯甲酸3用化學(xué)方法分離下列各組混合物。(1)辛酸、己醛、1-溴丁烷(2)苯甲酸、對(duì)甲酚、苯甲醚4將下列各組化合物按酸性由大到小順序排列。(1)（A）丁酸 （B）順丁烯二酸 （C）丁二酸 （D）丁炔二酸 （E）反丁烯二酸(2)（A） （B） （C） （D）(3)（A）-氯代苯乙酸 （B）對(duì)氯苯甲酸 （C）苯乙酸 （D）-苯丙酸5回答下列問題。(1)為什么羧酸的沸點(diǎn)及在水中的溶解度較相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量相近的其他有機(jī)物高？(2)苯甲酸和鄰氯苯甲酸都是不溶于水的固體，能用甲酸鈉的水溶液將其混合物分開，為什么？(3)如果不用紅磷或三鹵化磷作催化劑，可以采用什么方法使羧酸的-鹵代反應(yīng)順利進(jìn)行？說明理由。6寫出下列反應(yīng)的主要產(chǎn)物。(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 7.下列化合物在加熱條件下發(fā)生什么反應(yīng)？寫出主要產(chǎn)物。(1)3-苯基-2-羥基丙酸 (2)鄰羥基苯乙酸 (3)2-環(huán)戊酮羧酸(4)順-（鄰羥基苯）丙烯酸 (5)丁二酸 (6)庚二酸8用化學(xué)方法區(qū)別下列各組化合物。(1)乙醇，乙醛，乙酸(2)水楊酸，2-羥基環(huán)己烷羧酸，乙酰水楊酸(3)甲酸，草酸，丙二酸(4)對(duì)甲基苯甲酸，對(duì)甲氧基苯乙酮，2-乙烯基-1，4-苯二酚9指出下列反應(yīng)式中存在的問題。(1)(2) (3) (4) 10.按由快到慢的次序排列下列醇或酸在酸催化下酯化時(shí)的速度。(1)丙醇和（A）苯甲酸；（B）2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酸；（C）2，4-二甲基苯甲酸(2) 和（A）；（B）；（C）(3) 和（A）；（B）；（C）11乳酸加熱得兩種非對(duì)應(yīng)異構(gòu)的交酯，它們的結(jié)構(gòu)如何？是否都可拆分？12解釋下列實(shí)驗(yàn)事實(shí)。(1)乙酸中也含有-基團(tuán)，但不發(fā)生碘仿反應(yīng)。(2)下述反應(yīng)前后構(gòu)型保持不變。(2) 化合物雖是-氧代羧酸，但不發(fā)生脫羧反應(yīng)。13.完成下列轉(zhuǎn)化（其他試劑任選）。(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 14環(huán)丙烷二羧酸有A、B、C、D四個(gè)異構(gòu)體。A和B具有旋光性，對(duì)熱穩(wěn)定；C和D均無旋光性，C加熱時(shí)脫羧而得E，D加熱失水而得F。寫出AF的結(jié)構(gòu)。15化合物A能溶于水，但不溶于乙醚，元素分析含C、H、O、N。A加熱失去一分子水的化合物B。B于氫氧化鈉的水溶液共熱，放出一種有氣味的氣體。殘余物酸化后的一不含氮的酸性物質(zhì)C。C與氫化鋁鋰反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物用濃硫酸處理，得一氣體烯烴D，其分子量為56，該烯烴經(jīng)臭氧化再還原水解后，分解的一個(gè)醛和一個(gè)酮。試推出AD的結(jié)構(gòu)。16，給出與下列各組核磁共振氫譜數(shù)據(jù)相符的結(jié)構(gòu)。(1) :1.73（雙重峰）3H，4.47（四重峰）1H，11.22（單重峰）1H。(2) ：1.08（三重峰）3H，2.07（五重峰）2H，4.23（三重峰）1H，10.97（單重峰）1H。(3) ：1.27（三重峰）3H，3.36（四重峰）2H，4.13（單重峰）2H，10.95（單重峰）1H。17某化合物分子式為，IR譜中1725有強(qiáng)吸收，譜數(shù)據(jù)如下：3.53（s，2H）、7.21（b，5H）、11.95（s，1H），請(qǐng)寫出此化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案1. （1）（2S，3S）-2,3-二氯丁二酸 （2）2-氨基-3-（3,4-二羥基苯基）丙酸 （3）（2Z,4E)-5-甲基-4-異丙基-6-羥基-2,4-己二烯酸 （4）2-甲基-3-丁烯酸 （5）2-（4-異丁基苯基）丙酸 （6）（R）-2-氨基-3-巰基丙酸 （7）3-氧代戊醛酸 （8）3,4-二甲基己二酸 （9）對(duì)苯甲?；揭宜?.（1） (2) （3） (4) (5) (6) (7)3. (1) (2) 4. (1)DBECA (2)DCAB (3)ABCD5. (1)因?yàn)轸人岱肿娱g與兩個(gè)氫鍵締合成二聚體，且羧酸可與兩分子水形成氫鍵，顧羧酸的熔點(diǎn)高，溶解度大。 （2）因?yàn)猷徛缺郊姿岬乃嵝詮?qiáng)于甲酸，而苯甲酸的酸性比甲酸酸性弱。 （3)在反應(yīng)體系中加入少量與羧酸相對(duì)應(yīng)的酰鹵即可，因?yàn)轸人岬腶-鹵代是通過相應(yīng)的酰鹵來完成的。加入紅磷或三鹵化磷的目的也是為了將羧酸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的酰鹵。6.（1）(2)(3) (4) (5）(6)(7)(8)(9) (10)7.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)8.(1)(2)(3)(4)參與本物業(yè)的竣工驗(yàn)收，并在物業(yè)移交接管時(shí)，與甲方辦理物業(yè)管理書面交接手續(xù)；本物業(yè)交付使用后的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn).說課標(biāo)就是要把課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的課程目標(biāo)（三維目標(biāo)）作為本課題教學(xué)的指導(dǎo)思想和教學(xué)依據(jù)，從課程論的高度駕馭教材和指導(dǎo)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)。Grass-roots governance according to law is an important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but also the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-abiding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the field of multi-level governance according to law, promote the continuous improvement of the social environment. To promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and education on honesty and trustworthiness, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changing the world, he is not looking for but someone unspoken rules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. To strengthen the comprehensive management of public security. Deepening peace xingan construction, strongly against violence crime, mafia and serious criminal offences, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, carry out criminal policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating social vitality, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stability. To resolve social conflicts by law. To further smooth channels of reporting social conditions and public opinion, improving regulation, arbitration, as well as dispute resolution mechanisms, implement fully the petitioners cases third-party hearings and supervising system of letters and calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into the orbit of rule of law, vexatious, Twining visit visit, disturbing social order and other malicious extortion, resolutely crack down. Five, improving cadres Vitale, provide strong protection for forest development XI General Secretary stressed that the comprehensive revitalization in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid style, cadres of the dare to play. Cadre cadres is a pledge, should want to do work and able to do good, enthusiasm is paramount. Treat party cadres, it is necessary to Strict management, and warm care, enable the broad masses of cadres work hard work, this is two parallel principles. In strict accordance with the standards of good cadres selection and appointment, the real officers, dare officers, those who want to play, good as excellent cadres at all levels of leadership in the past. At present, some leading cadres work initiative is not high, beyond political, idle, lazy governance governance, not as, slow, messy and a phenomenon still exist to varying degrees, affected and restricted economic and social development. We must mobilize the enthusiasm of cadres as an urgent task, adhere to combination of incentives and constraints, and adhere to the strict management and warm care, practical solution for the officers not to problem, motivate cadres and better lead the masses to an undertaking, the cadres and create the new achievement in a dare to play, good at shows as new. To identify the problem, accurate pulseof law to visit and contribute to make visits to the vexatious visits arrogance. On these issues, we need to have a proper understanding, should take the lead to establish a sense of fear of the law, strengthen the application of the rule of law and the rule of law work of thinking and take up responsibility for the construction of the rule of law. Put learning first. Premise is ignorant of the law, abide by the law. Leading cadres at all levels should take the lead in studying the Constitution and laws and regulations closely related to work assumed by, an accurate grasp of the basic position of our party to address the issue of the rule of law, known for the scale to do things, figure out how to use it right, what things do, what not to do, it can never legal literacy. To enhance the awareness of the rule of law. Firmly establish the supremacy of constitutional law, legal equality before the, right by the law makes the right to statutory, as well as the rule of law, develop habits of rule of law, to discard the rule and cannot, must not get overridden by authority, at the right pressure. Should take the lead to abide by. Fulfil its mandate in strict accordance with statutory authority and procedures, no matter what you want to adhere to the law, thought of rule by law and the rule of law to tackle hot issues, effective statutory duty must be, without authorization, is not available. Such as construction areas, some cadres are because there is no procedure is followed by the rules, paid a heavy price, we should learn from them, in strict accordance with the law on bidding and implementation . Promised to give preferential policies for enterprises, hesitant to cash or cash not at all. Masses feel strongly about these issues, it is necessary to be solved. To accelerate decentralization. Specification list list list of powers, responsibilities and negative, clearance, revocation does not adapt to the current situation of the development of policy documents, especially the right to administrative examination and approval, the cancellation must be canceled, the delegation must be decentralized to achieve zero-wait, one-stop, seamless, improve administrative efficiency and service levels. In particular, the delegation of powers must be caught properly, never able to loft is no answer, no one cares, cause backfire, people work harder. To carry out the campaign. Crack down on law enforcement regulations, uncivil and not as, as undermining economic development, such as environmental problems, pay close attention to the grass-roots level weaknesses, strictly investigate and deal with the grass-roots level corruption and denial of Justice against the interests of the masses, such as corruption and corruption, ruthless people around flies, further optimization of the development environment. In particular, strengthening the construction of Government credit, and trustworthy practice for companies and investors, and must not break faith with the people, promises and the promise to the society. To build a newof law to visit and contribute to make visits to the vexatious visi