中醫(yī)藥翻譯技巧PPT課件

.,第四章中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語的翻譯及其規(guī)范化,.,中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語翻譯中存在的問題,譯語混亂三焦：threewarmers/heaters/burnerstripleenergizer譯語冗長八綱辨證：analysisanddiagnosisofpathologicalconditionsinaccordancewiththeeightprincipalsyndromes;differentialdiagnosisinaccordancewiththeeightprincipalsyndromes釋義不明金實(shí)不鳴：solidbellcantring(nonsense)excessofthelungqicausinghoarseness,.,中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語的翻譯原則,自然性原則所謂“自然性原則”，指的是翻譯的中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語應(yīng)是譯入語中自然的對等語。凈腑：holloworganforcleansingbladder髓海：seaofmarrowbrain,.,中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語的翻譯原則,簡潔性原則中醫(yī)用語的突出特點(diǎn)是簡明扼要，譯名亦應(yīng)保持這一特點(diǎn)。所謂信息密度，指的是在計(jì)算機(jī)記憶中儲(chǔ)存的單位信息所占用的空間越小，運(yùn)載這一單位信息的詞的信息密度就越高；一單位信息從發(fā)送者到接受者所需要的時(shí)間越少，運(yùn)載這一單位信息的詞的信息密度就越高。,.,中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語的翻譯原則,民族性原則中醫(yī)學(xué)在思想原則、概念范疇等方面都有自身獨(dú)到的規(guī)定性；在觀念系統(tǒng)、理論系統(tǒng)與操作系統(tǒng)方面，都有與現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)強(qiáng)烈的不可通約性。所以就文化特征而言，中醫(yī)學(xué)還只是中華民族特有的醫(yī)學(xué)體系，因而具有鮮明的民族性。,.,中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語的翻譯原則,回譯性原則“回譯性”指的是英譯的中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語在結(jié)構(gòu)上應(yīng)與中文形式相近，這樣在中醫(yī)藥的國際交流中，就能較好地實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的雙向傳遞。對回譯性的追求以不影響信息的再現(xiàn)為前提。受盛之腑：holloworganinchargeofreceptionsmallintestine傳導(dǎo)之官：officialinchargeoftransportationlargeintestine,.,中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語的翻譯原則,規(guī)定性原則“規(guī)定性”指的是對中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語的譯語在內(nèi)涵上加以規(guī)定，使其不能另有解釋。辯證：syndromedifferentiation,.,中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語翻譯的基本方法,比照西醫(yī)法女子胞uterus髓海brain水谷之海stomach水氣edema水臌ascites石蛾chronictonsilitis詞素翻譯法,.,中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語翻譯的基本方法,簡潔法傷寒exogenousfebrilediseasestyphoid(fever)針灸acupunctureandmoxibustionacumoxiDNA(deoxyribonucleicacid脫氧核糖核酸)RNA(ribonucleicacid核糖核酸)CT(computedtomography電子計(jì)算機(jī)橫斷層掃描)MRI(magneticresonanceimaging核磁共振成像),.,中醫(yī)名詞術(shù)語翻譯的基本要求,陰陽學(xué)說方面yinyangdoctrineoryinyangtheorydoctrine:1.beliefsandteachingsofachurch（教旨，教義）e.g.thedoctrinethatthepopeisinfallible2.用來指科學(xué)的“學(xué)說”或非宗教的理論或主義e.g.theMonroedoctrinethedoctrineofevolutiontheory:explanationofthegeneralprinciplesofanartorscience(contrastedwithpractice):原理、理論（與實(shí)踐相對而言）,.,陰陽學(xué)說方面陰生陽長：yanggrowingwhileyinflourishing陽殺陰藏：yangrecedingwhileyinconcealing陰陽消長：intertransformation/intermetamorphosesbetweenyinandyang陰平陽秘：yinandyanginequilibrium/balance陰陽失調(diào)：imbalance/disorderofyinandyang陰不抱陽：yinfailingtomaintain/sustainyang陰陽離決：separation/dissociationofyinandyang陰勝則陽?。簓inexcesscausingyangdeficiencyhyper-yincausinghypo-yang陰損及陽：yin-consumptioninvolvingyang陰陽自和：reequilibriumbetweenyinandyang/rebalancedyinandyang陰陽兩虛：deficiencyofbothyinandyang陰陽勝復(fù)：alternativepreponderance/predorminancebetweenyinandyang重陰必陽：extremeyincausing/generatingyang重陽：doubledyang/superposedyang,.,五行學(xué)說方面五行學(xué)說：theoryoffiveelements相生相克：inter-generationandinter-restriction相乘相侮：inter-subjugationandverserestriction制化：restrictionandgeneration母病及子：maternaldiseaseinvolvingitsoffspring子盜母氣：offspringdiseaseinvolvingitsmother木喜條達(dá)：liverbearingnodepression木郁化火：liverdepressiongeneratingfire木火邢金：liverfireimpairinglung/hepatopyrexiaimpairinglung火性炎上：firetendingtoflare/flame火不生土：kidneyyang/nephroyangfailingtowarmthespleen金寒水冷：cold/frigidlungandkidney水火相濟(jì)：coordinationbetweenkidneyandheartrenalandcardiaccoordination五運(yùn)六氣：fivemovementsandsixclimates,.,臟象學(xué)說方面臟象：stateofviscera,visceralmanifestation臟象學(xué)說：theoryofvisceralmanifestation臟腑：zangandfu,viscera五臟六腑：fivezangsandsixfus藏而不瀉：storagewithoutexcretion瀉而不藏：excretionwithoutstorage心包絡(luò)：pericardium三焦：tripleenergizer,sanjiao命門：mingmen,thegateoflife/vitality,vitalgate,vitaport奇恒之腑：extraodinaryfus,.,臟象學(xué)說方面脈：vessel,pulse宗脈：convergingmeridians,assembledmeridians胞衣：placenta空竅：holloworifices七沖門：sevenimportantportals四海：fourconvergence心主神明：heartcontrolling