高考英語專題總結(jié)：短文改錯

高考新題型,短文改錯解題方略,Contents,高考短文改錯應(yīng)試策略及答題原則,高考短文改錯命題特征及命題趨勢,短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納,2012年高考短文改錯真題實戰(zhàn)演練,本題滿分10分，給出一篇約100個單詞的短文，文中有10處錯誤，要求考生對每個句子進行判斷，如有錯誤即將其改正。錯誤類型包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等方面的錯誤。,注意答題說明及答題規(guī)范,文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加（1-2個）在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），并在其下面寫上該加的詞。刪除（1-2個）把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。不計分。修改（6-8個）在錯的詞下面劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞。2、只允許修改10處，多者（叢第11處起）不計分。,注意答題說明及答題規(guī)范,縱觀近年高考英語短文改錯題，學(xué)生和老師都認為難度不大，然而，每年高考中還是有不少考生對此題深感頭痛，主要原因是：考生的英語基礎(chǔ)知識不扎實.考生缺乏對短文改錯命題特點的了解和做題規(guī)律方法的總結(jié).,重視掌握基本的詞匯和語法知識;規(guī)范使用常用的詞語和習(xí)語.廣泛閱讀，增強語感，提高語言知識運用的準確性.做題時以句子為單位，從語篇角度把握內(nèi)容,查找行文邏輯錯誤。錯誤的設(shè)置一般都是中學(xué)生寫作時常出現(xiàn)的錯誤。改錯訓(xùn)練和書面表達訓(xùn)練結(jié)合。,短文中所設(shè)的錯誤大部分都是所謂的“語法”錯誤,但是這種試題并不是單純檢測語法知識的,而是檢測考生的寫作能力中的校驗?zāi)芰Α?試題的立意特征,高考短文改錯命題特征及命題趨勢,高考短文改錯涉及詞匯、語法、句型結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的知識和邏輯推斷和綜合辨析,是一種在較高層次上考查考生對英語知識的掌握和語言綜合運用能力的測試題型。題材以記敘文為主,題材和語言符合中學(xué)生實際;句子結(jié)構(gòu)由簡單句主逐漸過渡到以復(fù)合句和并列句為主。學(xué)生在平時寫作中常出現(xiàn)的錯誤是短文改錯的考查的重點。,試題的情景特征,高考短文改錯命題特征及命題趨勢,高考短文改錯的難度、錯誤類型設(shè)置、文章長度通常不會有太大變化?？疾闀幼⒅卣Z用功能,取材范圍將更廣泛,并注重語言的綜合運用能力。,試題的命題趨勢,高考短文改錯命題特征及命題趨勢,WhattypesofmistakesareusuallyinvolvedinPassageCorrecting?Whatisthemethodofcorrecting?,高考短文改錯命題規(guī)律,高考短文改錯命題規(guī)律,動詞形，名詞數(shù)還要注意形和副非謂語，細辨別介詞短語要牢記,ALimerick（五行打油詩）,代詞格，細領(lǐng)悟句子成分多分析冠詞連詞常光顧邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注,錯誤主要集中在動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)，主謂一致等方面。,【2006安徽卷】Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish.【2006安徽卷】Youcansitatthedeskandreadthedailynewspapers,magazinesandtheotherbooks,butyouarenotpermittotakethemout.,wishes,permitted,短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納,【2006NMET】WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelbefore.【2006天津】Today,IgotaletterthatsaidIhadbeenadmittingtoacollege.【2006四川】Wehungasignonthefrontdoorthatwasread:“Werehavingdinner.”,had,admitted,【2006陜西】IllsendmyfriendCharlietomeetyouattheairportwhenyouarrived.【2006湖北】.sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.【2007天津卷】InGradeEightItookphysics.InonetestIgetonly36percentoftheanswerscorrect.,got,arrive,needed,【2010四川卷】Andaftermanyattempts,shepastherdrivingtestandtoldherhusbandthat【2010四川卷】AnEnglishladywasfinallydecidedthatshereallyshouldlearntodrive.【2010重慶卷】Afterhearingyoursadstories,hewillsaysomewordsthatisniceandwarm.,passed,are,【2010陜西】Itwasturnedouttobeherowncup.【2011陜西】.bythetimeIgotback,theyhavefinishedthesceneand.【2011浙江】Sheknowswhathadhappened,butshethankedme.,had,knew,【2011全國卷1】However,myfatherhadtoreturntoworkonMondaysoweflybacklastSaturdayafternoon.【2011遼寧】InearlyJanuarythisyear,therateofUFOreportsweresteady.,flew,was,【2011全國卷I】Iholdmylunch-boxinmyhandwhenIwasgoingtoschool.Thesmellfromitwasverygood【2011重慶卷】Katia,likemanyotherRussiangirls,areniceandlively.,held,is,解決方案(1)通讀全文，搞清文中動詞時態(tài)的主旋律.(2)結(jié)合語境，靈活運用時態(tài)形式.(3)認真推敲，準確把握主動與被動.,【2006浙江卷】YourknowledgesofEnglishcanhelpthewholeclass.【2006陜西卷】Thelibraryhasallkindsofbook.Imsureyouwillfindoneyoulike.,books,knowledge,名詞愛考數(shù)與格，也要分清可不可,短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納,【2006福建卷】Ifyouhaveinterestsinit,replytomesoon.【2006陜西卷】Theyhaveallsortsofcourse.Imsureyouwillfindoneyoulikeit.【2006重慶卷】Insummer,theseaundertheblueskiesisevenmorebeautiful.,interest,courses,sky,【2007陜西卷】Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.【2008浙江卷】Anearbycompanywaslookingforstudentswithgoodhandwritingtowriteaddressesonenvelope.Thepaywas10centsperenvelope.【2010四川卷】Infact,Ivenearlykilledthreepeoples.,lessons,envelopes,people,【2010全國卷】Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.【2011全國卷】Mybrotherwassomuchfondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentstostayanotheracoupleofday.【2011四川卷】Tomwashavingmuchtroublesgettingupinthemorning.,trouble,friends,days,【2011陜西卷】.Icameacrossacrewmakinganewfilmwithoneofmyfavoriteactor.【2011浙江卷】Iwasplayingatmycousinhouse.【2011遼寧卷】.therateofUFOreportswassteady,aroundthreeperweeks.,actors,cousins,week,1.修飾名詞，作賓補及連系動詞后用形容詞；2.修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞及整個句子時用副詞；3.比較級和最高級的使用。,【2006福建卷】Wecanhearbirdssinginghappyallaround.【2007浙江卷】Iwontherace.Ifeltveryproudlyofmyself.,proud,happily,短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納,【2006遼寧卷】Shewasusualpatientwithherstudentsandnevermadethemdisappointed.【2008全國卷卷】IwilllearnmoreaboutthehistoryoftheOlympicsasgoodasthe2008Olympicgames.,usually,well,【2009陜西卷】Thedoctorsaysheisrecoveringfastthanexpected.【2010遼寧卷】Shewas,infact,ratherattractively.,faster,attractive,【2010重慶卷】Still,yourhappinessmakeshimhappilytoo.【2011四川卷】Impleasingtohearit,”saidhisboss,”butwherewereyouyesterday?”,happy,pleased,【2007浙江卷】Icouldnottorunveryfastandfellbehind.【2007寧夏卷】LiMingcameseemeeveryday.,to,主要錯誤為三種：非謂語的混淆；不定式to的遺漏或多用；非謂語與謂語動詞的混淆。,短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納,【2008重慶卷】Andthereweremanymeaningfulthingsthatwereworththinkof.【2008遼寧卷】Weallenjoyedthispreciousdaygreatly,rememberthetimewespenttogetherandthepeopletheywerefamiliarwith.,remembering,thinking,【2009浙江】Itwasalessonthatitwaspossiblegivewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.【2010課標全國卷】Ontheboxwasacardsaid:“25cents.”,to,saying,【2010浙江卷】InoticedMotherlookingatthenearbytableoccupybyanelderlywoman.【2010重慶卷】Hehadtimeforaproperbreakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.,occupied,to,【2011陜西卷】Icameacrossacrewmakeanewfilmwithoneofmyfavoriteactors.【2011四川卷)】Themandidastoldandsleptreallywell,wakeupbeforethealarmhadevengoneoff.,making,waking,【2011遼寧卷】Thecommandingofficer,WayneTyler,whowasdirectlyresponsibleforthestudyofallsuchreports,decidedtomakinghisfindingsknown.,make,解決方案(1)縱觀全文或全句，明確句中動詞所作的句子成分.(2)系統(tǒng)掌握非謂語動詞的句法功能.(3)前后聯(lián)系，整體把握.,losemyheartsuchmanypeopleinhurryinashortinSundayafternoon,a,on,so,介詞多半考搭配,多、漏、誤用想周到,短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納,【2006天津卷】Becausethehelpyougavemethatsummer,mylifechanged.【2006福建卷】IhavebeentoldonemoreworkerwillbeneededthisyearandIthinkyouarefitit.【2006福建卷】Itissoabeautifulplace!,of,for,such,【2011浙江卷】Iwouldneverbeabletoenjoytoplayingwiththetoy.【2011陜西卷】.abouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutabuilding【2011浙江卷】TherewasoneonparticularIdalwayswanted.,of,in,解決方案(1)平時的學(xué)習(xí)中注意積累語言知識，特別是一些固定搭配的記憶.(2)強化語法訓(xùn)練，分清連詞，副詞和介詞之間的區(qū)別和句法功能.(3)語法知識的記憶和語感的培養(yǎng)結(jié)合起來.,人稱代詞的性別，單復(fù)數(shù)及代詞格的誤用；物主代詞，反身代詞以及不定代詞的誤用；“it”一詞的不當使用(包括用于從句中或作形式主語或賓語)；Whose和whos，its和its的混淆,代詞方面的錯誤主要體現(xiàn)在：,短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納,I,me,we,us,you,you,you,you,he,him,she,her,it,it,they,them,【2007全國I卷】Iwasonlyaboutsixwhenheheldhishandouttome.Itookitinmeandwewalked.【2007陜西卷】JustatthattimeIwokeupandfoundmestillinbed!,mine,myself,【2008全國II卷】Ishouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryandcultureandshowthemtheirgreatachievement.【2011重慶卷】WiththehelpofKatia,aroommateofme,Ivesoongotusedtolivingwithoutmyparents.【2011全國II卷】Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidinguswiththewonderfulmeals.,our,mine,us,解決方案(1)順藤摸瓜，理清短文中代詞的指代關(guān)系，注意聯(lián)系上下文。(2)系統(tǒng)掌握it的各種用法.(3)準確把握不定代詞在文中的正確使用。,句法涉及到一致,從句多考引導(dǎo)詞（誤用，多用或遺漏）,【2007天津卷】Iwasluckyenoughtohaveateacherwhichdidnttakemybadgradesasajudgmentofmyabilities.,who/that,短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納,【2008年安徽卷】Shelookedatmeandstartedtolaugh.“Howareyoulaughing?”Iasked.【2009遼寧卷】OnedayIsawasecond-handbicycle,thatwasonlyonehundredyuan.,Why,which,【2010陜西卷】Itturnedouttobeherowncup,thatshedleftontheshelfbymistake.【2010寧夏青海卷】.letmeknowwhatthingsaregoing.,which,how,【2011遼寧卷】.therateofUFOreportsweresteady.【2011重慶卷】Katiawillintroducemetosomeofherfriends,oneofwhohasbeentoChinaseveraltimes.,was,whom,【2010重慶卷】Hereismyideaabouthowafriendislike.【2010全國卷】Soiftheyhadsaidwastrue,Iwouldhaveachanceofwinningtheprize.,what,what,解決方案（1）不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；（2）不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。（3）只有對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分作細致的分析，才能找出用詞不當?shù)腻e誤。,冠詞在前“錯”“多”“少”。?？嫉腻e誤形式有：冠詞the,a,an的誤用，多用或少用。,【2oo7全國卷II】ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsImdoingattheschool,a,短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納,【2007四川卷】AnAustralianfarmerfoundthekangaroocaughtinthefencearoundhisfarms.【2010陜西卷】Thenshebentdownandpickeduptolookatapriceonit.,a,the,【2011陜西卷】Hewasrightthereinthefrontofme.【2010課標全國卷】MyfriendNicktoldmestoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS.,a,【2011全國卷2】Ifyoudliketomaketriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbemorethanhappytobeyourguide.【2011浙江卷】Itwasverynicetogetyourinvitationtospendweekendwithyou.,a,the,連詞?？糱ut，and，or,so等的邏輯錯誤，以及搭配錯誤。,【2006遼寧卷】Shealwaysmadesurethatourhomeworkwasfinishedontime,butshemarkedstrictlyonouractualperformance.,and,短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納,【2007浙江卷】TodayIwashavingaPElessonwhileIfelldownandhurtmyfoot.【2007四川卷】Hethoughtthepooranimalwasinjured,butthekindfarmertookoffhisjacketandputontheanimal.,when,so,【2007四川卷】Heworkedhard,butitwasntsurprisingthathepasstheexam.【2010課程標準卷】myneighborpickeduptheboxbutannounced,and/so,and,【2010遼寧卷】Herhairwasblackandpurple,andsheworeblacksportsshoesandablacksweater,althoughinthesummer.【2010全國】AllIhadtodowastowriteastoryorpresentit.,even,and,【2011四川】Hisbosswantedtofirehimifhedidntstartcomingontime,buthewenttothedoctorforahelp.【2011全國II卷】Itsbeenaweekafterweleftyourfamilyandwearenowbackhome.,a,so,since,詞法句法均未錯,邏輯推理來尋找。主要是句子之間邏輯關(guān)系的矛盾，代詞在人稱上的不一致等。,【2006四川卷】Thatnight，wesatdowntowhattheythoughtwouldbeapleasant,uninterruptedmeals.,we,短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納,【2010陜西卷】Theassistantwasclearlyasembarrassedasmysister,forIjustthoughtitwasfunny.【2011遼寧卷】WayneTylerdecidedtomakehisfindingsknown.Theywroteanarticle,He,but/yet/while,【2011陜西卷】Ididnthavemycamerawithmeatthattime,butIrushedbackhometoget【2011陜西卷】Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotback,theyhadfinishedthesceneandtheactorcouldntbeseeneverywhere.,and/so,anywhere,【2011全國卷II】Ifyoudliketomakeatriptomycitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyourguide.Ihavetotakeupapart-timejobbecausemyfamilyisrichenough.,more,not,三步,高考短文改錯應(yīng)試策略及答題原則,通讀全文，把握大意細讀全文，仔細斟酌再讀全文,復(fù)核審查,六原則,以在有錯行改動一詞為原則.以改變實詞形式為原則.以單詞形式變化最小為原則.以添加或刪除虛詞為原則.以多“改正”少“添刪”為原則以保持原意不變?yōu)樵瓌t,高考短文改錯應(yīng)試策略及答題原則,四不改,標點符號不改。大小寫不改。詞序錯誤不改。單詞拼寫不改。,高考短文改錯應(yīng)試策略及答題原則,IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,Idestroyedeachofmytoy.Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingsdidwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.Forawhileparentsboughtmenewtoys.Butbeforelongtheybegantoseewhichwashappening.WhenItearapartmyfifthbirthdaytoytrain,myfathersaid,Thatsit.Nomoretoystoyou.Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImustmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.,2012年高考短文改錯真題實戰(zhàn)演練,IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,Idestroyedeachofmytoy.Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingsdidwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.Forawhileparentsboughtmenewtoys.,less,my,them,go,went,toys,Butbeforelongtheybegantoseewhichwashappening.WhenItearapartmyfifthbirthdaytoytrain,myfathersaid,Thatsit.Nomoretoystoyou.Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImustmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.,for,what,tore,could,MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisitBeijinglastmonth.Itisinthedowntownarea,butitiseasytogotoanywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.Icheckedmyemailmessageseveryday.IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.,2012年高考短文改錯真題實戰(zhàn)演練,MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisitBeijinglastmonth.Itisinthedowntownarea,butitiseasytogotoanywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.,visited,so/and,comfortable,was,Icheckedmyemailmessageseveryday.IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.,with,taken,dishes,a,mine,DearDiana,Thankyouforthelovelydaywehavewithyou.ItwassokindtoryoutoletusbringAnnesfriend.Gina.Unfortunate,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.Therehadbeenaterribleaccidentonthehighwayand,foraresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.Intheend,wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.InthecarparkGinanearlygotknockedoverasacardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.TheyfinallydroppedGinaoffatherparentsandmadeourownwaytohome.,DearDiana,Thankyouforthelovelydaywehavewithyou.ItwassokindforyoutoletusbringAnnesfriend.Gina.Unfortunate,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.Therehadbeenaterribleaccidentonthehi