英語(yǔ)五種基本句型PPT課件

英語(yǔ)中的五種基本句型,英語(yǔ)句子有長(zhǎng)在短，有簡(jiǎn)有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主謂）基本句型二：+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主謂賓）基本句型四：+IO+（主謂間賓直賓）基本句型五：+（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）,基本句型一+（主謂）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。,基本句型二+（主系表）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類(lèi)：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等屬一類(lèi)，表示情況；get,grow,become,turn,go等屬另一類(lèi)，表示變化。be本身沒(méi)有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義另:stay,prove,remain,stand,基本句型三+（主謂賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。,基本句型四+IO+（主謂間賓直賓）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來(lái)連接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。,基本句型五+（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。,典型例題分析,1.Theyworkhard.主+謂2.Theflowerisdead.主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.主+謂+賓4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主+謂+直賓+簡(jiǎn)賓5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主+謂,除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類(lèi)型的短語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）為例：Wefoundthehallfull.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿(mǎn)了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿(mǎn)了學(xué)生和教師。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿(mǎn)了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeoplesDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿(mǎn)了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。,不同的動(dòng)詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞的類(lèi)型。以get為例：Hesgettingangry.(SVP)Hegotthroughthewindow.(SVO)Youllgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)Hegothimselfintotrouble.(SVOC)Hegotherasplendidpresent.(SV0O)在句子中詞類(lèi)和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.我很容易地找到了這本書(shū)。SVOM）Ifoundthebookeasy.我覺(jué)得這本書(shū)很容易。（SVOC）Ihavetodosomething.我得做點(diǎn)事。Ihavesomethingtodo.我有點(diǎn)事做。,ALebanesewhohadleftthecountryforSyriaduringtheconflictbetweenIsraelandHizbollah,returnswithherfamilyfollowingtheceasefire,attheLebanon-SyriaborderinMagdelAnjarAugust14,2006.S+V,A53-pointwinoverSouthKoreawrappedupaperfectAsianexhibitiontourforastar-studdedU.S.teamonitswaytotheworldchampionships.S+V+O,Ministry:ThaibirdfludidnotoriginateinChinaAccordingtothecurrentinformationheldbytheChineseauthorities,averdictarrivedatbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)andthebirdfluresearchandtestcentreofThailandwasarbitraryandbasedonthefactthatthevirusfoundinThailandandLaoswassimilartorecentfindsinsouthernChina,theministrysstatementsaid.s+v+p,ApolicemanremovesacheckpointnoticefromtheroadtothevillagewherebirdflupatientwerefoundinZhongweiCounty,northwestNingxiaAutonomousRegion,August12,2006.Xinhua,MembersofHongKongsinginggroup,GillianChung(L)andCharleneChoiholdabannerwhichreads“Dignity”duringanewsconferenceentitled“Privacyanddignity:HongKongpeoplesbusiness”inHongKongAugust28,2006.Semi-nude(半裸)photosofChungtakenwithahiddencamerahavesparkedanuproar(騷動(dòng))amongfansandwomensrightgroups.S+V+O,FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.（NMET2003.C篇）這個(gè)定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包括一位法國(guó)女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞及兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。,.,22,Eventhoughtheremaybeatendencyinsomerarefamiliestoliveextraordinarilylong,thegeneticinfluencethatemergedfromthestudiesoftwinswassignificantlylessthanmuchofthepublicandmanyscientiststhinkitis.S+V+P,JosephineTesauro,left,activeandhealthyat92,ispartofastudytryingtodeterminewhysomepeopleagebetterthanothers,evenwhentheyarecloselyrelated.,.,23,WashingtonsaysworldpowersarepoisedtobegindiscussingpunitivemeasuresnextweekagainstIranif,asexpected,theInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency(IAEA)reportsTeheranhasignoredtheUNdemandtostopenrichinguraniumbyAugust31.,.,24,英語(yǔ)句式考查,1.Whomwouldyourather_thecar?Myfather.A.havefixB.havetofixC.hadfixD.havetobefixed2.Wasit8oclock_youheardsomeone_atthedoor?A.when;knockingB.when;knockC.that;knockingD.that;knock3.Wasitintheroom_Mr.Johnlived_theexhibitionwasheld?A.that;thatB.where;whereC.that;whereD.where;that4.Is_youwanttosay?Yes,_thatsallIknow.A.allwhat;yetB.whichall;unlessC.thatall;D.allthat;so,5.Wasitnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastsbegan?A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since6._thehouseMrZhanghasbeenbrokeninto?A.WhenwasitthatB.WhenhasC.HasD.Had7.Did_shewaschosenmakeherveryhappy?A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it8.WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1994,_wasledbycaptainJohnson,_Peterlosthislife?A.when;thatB.that;whoC.which;thatD.which;when,9.-Wouldyoutellme_youwantyourtea,withsugarormilk?-Sugar,please.A.whetherB.whenC.whatD.how10.Atlastthesoldiersreached_thelocalscalledtheGoldenTriangle.A.whatB.whichC.asD.one11.“Wellmakepublicschools_canbe.”saidthepresidentinthespeech.A.whattheyB.whatitC.thattheyD.allit12.Theartcenteris_usedtobeafactory,_millionsoftractorsweremade.A.what,whereB.where,whereC.what,whichD.where,which,13.Thethoughtofgoinghometohisfamilywasall_kepthimhapp