2018年九年級(jí)英語上冊(cè) 第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn) （新版）仁愛版

unit 1 topic1 1 our country has developed rapidly.一詞組。take place發(fā)生，進(jìn)行keep in touch with跟保持聯(lián)系get in touch with與取得聯(lián)系reform and opening-up改革開放make progress取得進(jìn)展succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事take photos照相l(xiāng)earnfrom向?qū)W習(xí)put on舉辦，上演，展出more than超過，多于see sth. oneself親眼目睹某物have the chance to do sth.有機(jī)會(huì)做某事far away遙遠(yuǎn)的play a/anpart起作用，有影響in ones spare time在某人空閑時(shí)間be happy/glad/pleased to do sth.高興做某事have a good summer holiday過一個(gè)快樂的暑假a group of old people一群老人be crowded into sp.擠在一個(gè)地方receive a good education接受好的教育not only but also不僅而且satisfy peoples needs滿足人們的需求enjoy good medical care享受好的醫(yī)療照顧remember the past記住過去live in the present立足現(xiàn)在dream about the future展望未來make a tour abroad出國旅游used to do sth.過去常做某事be/get used to doingsth.習(xí)慣做某事have no time to do sth.沒有時(shí)間做某事in the 1960s在二十世紀(jì)六十年代in a short time在短時(shí)間內(nèi)二句子1. where have you been? 你已經(jīng)去過哪了？i have been to mount huang with my parents.我和我的父母去了黃山。2. its a beautiful place. but there were so many people that i could not find a good place to take photos.它是一個(gè)美麗的地方。但是那兒的人是如此之多，以至于我都找不到地方拍照了。3. there goes the bell.=thats the bell=the bell is ringing.鈴響了。134. china has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up. 中國自從改革開放以來已經(jīng)迅速發(fā)展了。5. i think it is important to remember the past，live in the present and dream about thefuture.我認(rèn)為記住過去，立足現(xiàn)在，展望未來是很重要的。6. people kept in touch with their friends and relatives far away mainly by letter or telegram.人們主要通過寫信和電話來和他們的朋友、遠(yuǎn)方的親人保持聯(lián)系。7. i have not seen you for a long time . 我好久不見你了。三語法1. as well, too, also 均表“也；又”； as well 多用于口語，只用于句末，不用逗號(hào)隔開；too 多用于口語，用于句末，要用逗號(hào)隔開；also 較正式，不用于句末；either 用于否定句，表“也不”，與 too 對(duì)應(yīng)。2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法：表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。：表示從過去開始發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能馬上結(jié)束，但也有可能繼續(xù)下去。這種情況下動(dòng)詞必須具有可持續(xù)性，至少是能重復(fù)一次以上的動(dòng)作。3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（p.p）肯定句：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(p.p)（v-ed）+賓語（或者其他）.否定句：主語+have not/has not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（p.p）（v-ed）+賓語.一般疑問句：have/has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（p.p)（v-ed）+賓語（或者其他）?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句型：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間狀語連用，（如表示過去的時(shí)間狀語）如 yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon）等，除非與 for, since 連用.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用如 already（肯定，句中），yet（否定，疑問，句末），just, before, recently, still, lately, never,ever 等例如：we have seen that film before.我們以前已經(jīng)看過那部電影了。.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的完成用法指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束。例如：he has turned the light off .他已把燈關(guān)了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)完成用法的特點(diǎn)是動(dòng)作不延續(xù)，因此，該時(shí)態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時(shí)間狀語（如：already，yet，before，recently 等）、頻度時(shí)間狀語（如：never，ever 等）、包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語（如：this morning / month /year.，today 等）連用。例如：have you found your pen ？你已經(jīng)找到你的鋼筆了嗎 ？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法指的是動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：he has lived here since 1978.自從 1978 年以來，他一直住在這兒。（動(dòng)作起始于1978 年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。）has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的區(qū)別。has gone to：表示某人已去了某地，而沒有回來（去了沒回）。has been to ：表示去過某地（去過已回來）。has been in：表示一直呆在某地， 常與時(shí)間段搭配（呆了很久）。unit 1 topic2 the population in developing countries is growing faster.一. 重點(diǎn)詞組歸納be in/ at home在家not any more=no more不再get/be lost=lose ones way迷路call sb. up給某人打電話shopping center購物中心central park中央公園department store百貨商店talk on the phone=talk by phone通過電話交談have been living here=have lived here住在這兒a report on population in the newspaper報(bào)紙上一份關(guān)于人口的報(bào)告increase by增加了increase to增加到population problems人口問題carry out執(zhí)行the one-child policy計(jì)劃生育政策control the population控 制 人 口 developing countries= less developed countries發(fā)展中國家developed countries發(fā)達(dá)國家because of由于less living space更少的生存空間at the same time與此同時(shí)supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth. 提供某物給某人provide sth. for sb.= provide sb. for sth. 提供某物給某人offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.提供某物給某人satisfy peoples daily needs滿足人們的日常需求natural environment自然環(huán)境take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事be known as.作為出名work well in doing sth.在做某事方面起到好的效果thanks to多虧了living conditions居住條件deal with處理offer job opportunities提供就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)be surrounded by.被圍繞discourage (from) cutting trees阻止砍樹many places of interest許多名勝古跡pubic transportation公共交通運(yùn)輸extended family數(shù)代同堂的大家庭nuclear family核心家庭二. 重點(diǎn)句型（熟背）-have you found him yet?你已經(jīng)找到他了嗎？-no, he has probably gone home. 沒有，他可能已經(jīng)回家了。-i really hate going to a place like that.我真的討厭去像那樣的地方。-so do i.我也是。it says the world has a population of 6.8billion.報(bào)道上說世界上有 68 億人口。-whats the population of the usa? 美國的人口是多少？- (its)309million.it shows that the population in developing countries is larger than that in developed countries, doesntit?報(bào)道上顯示發(fā)展中國家的人口比發(fā)達(dá)國家的人口多，是嗎？-whats more, the population in developing countries is growing faster.而且,發(fā)展中國家的人口增加的更快。-so it is. 確實(shí)是。luckily, china has already carried out the one-child policy to control the population.幸運(yùn)的是，中國已經(jīng)施行了計(jì)劃生育政策來控制人口。china has the largest population in the world, and about one fifth of the people in the world live in china.中國有世界上最多的人口，大約全球五分之一的人生活在中國。because of the large population, there is less living space for each family.由于大量的人口，每個(gè)家庭的生存空間變少。so far, our government has taken many measures to control the population. one is known as the one-child policy. it has worked well in controlling chinas population.到目前為止，我們政府已經(jīng)采取措施來控制人口，計(jì)劃生育作為其中一項(xiàng)被我們熟知。thanks to the policy, china is developing quickly and peoples living conditions are improving rapidly.多虧了這個(gè)政策，中國正快速的發(fā)展并且人們的生活水平在迅速改善。i live in a small mountain town called fairmont. 我住在一個(gè)叫菲爾莫的小山鎮(zhèn)。they are careful with garbage and discourage cutting trees.他們謹(jǐn)慎的處理垃圾并阻止砍樹。三. 語法復(fù)習(xí)： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1. 構(gòu)成: 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞 have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞 have(has)表明事情發(fā)生于現(xiàn)在。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞在句子中做謂語，說明句子的含義。2. 用法: (1）動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有某種影響和結(jié)果。常被 just、already、ever、never、yet 等副詞修飾。如：-have you had lunch yet?-yes, i have. ive just had it.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）（2）表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有 for 和 since 等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。如：he has taught here since 1981.他自 1981 年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）i havent seen her for four years.我有四年沒見到她了。以 study 為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡(jiǎn)單回答形式如下：否定式疑問式i have not (havent) studied.have i studied?you have not (havent) studied.have you studied?he has not (hasnt) studied.has he studied?否定疑問式簡(jiǎn)單回答（肯定/否定）have i not (havent i) studied?yes, you have. no, you havent.have you not (havent you) studied?yes, i have. no, i havent.has he not (hasnt he) studied?yes, he has. no, he hasnt.注意：have (has) been 和 have (has) gone 的區(qū)別：表示“曾到過某地”要用 “have (has) been”;表示“已經(jīng)去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。試比較：where has he been?他剛才到哪里去了 ？（已經(jīng)回來了）where has he gone?他上哪兒去了 ？（人不在）they have been to canada. 他們到過加拿大。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大）they have gone to canada. 他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大）. 區(qū)別：have been to, have gone to, have been inhave been to,表示去過某個(gè)地方，不過現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了 have gone to 表示去了，但還沒有回來，也許是在去的途中have been in 指的是在某個(gè)地方，從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在例如：你以前去過北京么 ？ 例如：a: is mr.wang at home?b: no,he is not in, （他去香港了）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語（1） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last sunday,in1990,three years ago 等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用(ever, never, just, already, yet)。a. 用副詞 already 和 yet。already 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑問句中。如：we have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。they havent finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。b. 用 ever 和 never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。如：-have you ever been to the great wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長(zhǎng)城嗎？-i have never been to the great wall.我從未去過長(zhǎng)城。c. 用表示到說話為止的過去時(shí)間狀語，如 just,before,up to now,the past fewyears 等。例如：i have seen her before, but i can not remember where. 我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。he has been there three times the last few days.近幾年他去過那里三次了。等。d. 用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)例如：-have you met him today?-no,i havent.今天你見過他嗎 ？我 沒有。how many times have you been there this year?今年你去過那里多少次？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since 或for 等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。(詳見 u1t3 講解）二、數(shù)字的拼讀：分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)和百分比的讀法a. 分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)中分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。先讀分子，后讀分母。當(dāng)分子大于 1 時(shí)， 分母要加“s”。例如1/2 讀作：aone half(口語中更傾向于用“a”代替“one”)1/3 讀作：aone third1/8 讀作：anone eighth1/4 讀作：aone quarter(fourth)2/3 讀作：two thirds一又九分之五 讀作 one and five ninthsb. 含小數(shù)點(diǎn)的數(shù)字小數(shù)點(diǎn)“”讀“point”，小數(shù)點(diǎn)后的數(shù)若是兩位以上，則分別讀出。0.4 =( zero) point four.01 = point zero one 0.125=(zero)point one two five12.34 = twelve point three four567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight zero nine實(shí)際應(yīng)用例子，如：93.64m 讀作：ninety-three point six four meters（93 點(diǎn) 64 米）215.11讀作：two minutes fifteen point one one seconds（2 分 15 點(diǎn) 11 秒）c. 百分比讀百分比只需在相應(yīng)的數(shù)字后加“percent。如：25讀作 twenty-five percent11.3 讀作 eleven point three percent三、so do i 和 so i do 用法和區(qū)別so do i 的用法：該結(jié)構(gòu)主要用來說明前面所說的情況也同樣適用于后面的人或物，意為“也一樣”。前后句的主語指的不是同一個(gè)人或物。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動(dòng)詞 do 根據(jù)前文的情況也可換成 is, am, are, was, were, does, did, can, could 等。如： he passed the exam,and so did i. =he passed the exam, and i passed the exam, too. =both he and i passed the exam. =he and i both passed the exam. 他通過了考試，我也通過了考試。/ 他和我都通過了考試。 又如： they went to the zoo yesterday. so did we. 他們昨天去了動(dòng)物園，我們也去了。 但是如果前面所述情況為否定式，則用 neither, nor 引出倒裝句(此時(shí)不能用 so)。如：he couldnt do it, and neither could she. 他做不了這事，她也做不了。he never comes late. nor do i. 他從不遲到，我也從不遲到。so i do 的用法：該結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于加強(qiáng)語氣，其意為“的確如此、確實(shí)如此”，表示后者贊同前者的話或意見，只是進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)并重復(fù)前句所述的內(nèi)容。前后句的主語指的是同一個(gè)人或物。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動(dòng)詞 do 根據(jù)前文的情況也可換成 is, am, are, was, were, does, did, can, could 等。如：he has done a good job. 他干得不錯(cuò)。 so he has. 他的確干得不錯(cuò)。unit 1 topic3 the world has changed for the better.一. 詞組：talk on the phone在電話中交談get used to習(xí)慣于（后加名詞或動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式）used to過去常常（后加動(dòng)詞原形）as a matter of fact事實(shí)上 （= in fact）a place to live一個(gè)可供居住的地方go to plays去看戲劇come for a visit來參觀stand for代表return to work返回工作崗位live a normal life過上正常的生活people in need身處困境的人們decide on sth.決定某事offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.給某人提供某物medical treatment醫(yī)療救助provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.給某人提供某物the homeless people無家可歸的人們get in trouble陷入麻煩pick up sb.搭載某人be in a helpful mood處于樂于助人的氛圍中help sb. out幫助某人擺脫困境on purpose有意地，故意地think of as 把。視為。，看成是。raise money籌錢aid sb. to do sth.幫助某人做某事make contributions to為。做出貢獻(xiàn)encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事as a result結(jié)果二. 句型：the city has improved a lot since i came here a few years ago. 短暫性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞comebe inleavebe away fromget to knowknowdiebe deadbuyhavebeginbe onmarrybe marriedcatch a coldhave a coldclosebe closedopenbe open joinbe a member of/ be in fall ill be ill borrow keep自從我?guī)啄昵皝淼竭@里，這座城市已經(jīng)改進(jìn)了很多。（since 引導(dǎo)的從句中用一般過去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。）o