高考英語(yǔ)并列連詞的考察

并列連詞并列連詞可表示多種意義，但主要有四種，即表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果等。注意并列連詞在句子中位置比較固定，定位于所連接的語(yǔ)言單位之間，兩個(gè)并列連詞不能并用,而可以與從屬連詞并用。1、表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞（1）并列連詞and的用法 可以連接兩個(gè)的詞，多用于肯定句中。Go and fetch something to eat.（連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞如go, come等表示目的）去取些吃的東西來(lái)。He started to shout and sing.他開(kāi)始大叫并唱歌。Read it slowly and clearly.慢慢念，念清楚。The balloon flew higher and higher.氣球越飛越高。You can meet teachers and students.你會(huì)見(jiàn)到許多老師和學(xué)生。Proper diet and exercise are important to health.適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍澈湾憻拰?duì)健康很重要。連接兩個(gè)句子，表示因果、對(duì)比、條件、假設(shè)、目的等。They didnt catch the bus, and had to stay in a hotel for the night.他們沒(méi)趕上汽車(chē)，只好在旅館過(guò)夜。（因果）Mary likes music and Lily is fond of sports.瑪麗喜歡音樂(lè)，莉莉愛(ài)好體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。（對(duì)比）Work hard and you will succeed.（條件，前面部分常為祈使句）如果你努力工作，就會(huì)成功。One more week and well accomplish the task.再一星期，我們就完成任務(wù)。（條件）（2）并列連詞bothand, not onlybut also, as well as的用法bothand意為：“不但而且； 既又”，是并列連詞，可以并列主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)等成分。并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Both New York and London have traffic problems. 紐約和倫敦都存在交通問(wèn)題。The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.這位秘書(shū)不但能講而且能寫(xiě)西班牙語(yǔ)。Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教學(xué)與科研都在大踏步前進(jìn)。The delegates visited both New York and Boston.代表們既訪問(wèn)了紐約，又訪問(wèn)了波士頓。She both plays the piano and sings.她既會(huì)彈鋼琴又會(huì)唱歌。Both she and the headmaster were pleased with the boy.她和校長(zhǎng)都喜歡這個(gè)男孩。The situation both at home and abroad is in our favor.國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)對(duì)我們都很有利。not onlybut also意為：“不但.而且”，是并列連詞，可以連接兩個(gè)詞，也可連接兩個(gè)句子。其中，but also中的also可以省略。a.連接兩個(gè)成分not onlybut also可以連接句中所有的成分，連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)就近原則，與所靠近的成分保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.不僅學(xué)生們津津有味地看著這部電影，而且他們的老師也是如此。He can speak not only French but (also) English.他不但會(huì)講法而且會(huì)講英語(yǔ)。He not only had seen the film but also remembered what he had seen.他不僅看過(guò)那部影片，而且記得影片的內(nèi)容。b.并列兩個(gè)句子not onlybut also可以連接兩個(gè)句子，not only位于句首時(shí)， not only后的句子要倒裝。Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.他不但是位科學(xué)家而且還是名戰(zhàn)士。Not only was everything he had taken away, but his citizenship.不僅他的一切被拿走，而且他的國(guó)籍也被取消。as well as 其連詞作用，表示“同、和、也”等。The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.編輯和校對(duì)者都在加班工作。I have read his novels as well as his plays.我讀過(guò)他的小說(shuō)和劇本。when并列連詞，意為“就在那時(shí)”I was about to leave when the telephone rang.我剛想走，突然電話鈴響了。We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.我們?cè)趹敉庖恢蓖娴教?yáng)下山, 那時(shí)天下起雨來(lái)了。2、表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞這類(lèi)連詞連接兩個(gè)含義不同的甚至是反義的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句。常見(jiàn)的還有yet(然而)，while(而)，however(可是)等。其中while與but的區(qū)別在于:while表示對(duì)比，而but表示意義正好相反。Learning the guitar isnt difficult ,but you have to practice.學(xué)彈吉它并不難，但你得練習(xí)。The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, but they will save us money in the long run. 改造城市需要花費(fèi)很多的錢(qián)，但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看還是省錢(qián)。Excuse me for breaking in, but I have some news for you.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫颐叭魂J入，但我有消息告訴你。In some Asian countries , nodding the head means not “Yes”but “No”. 有些亞洲國(guó)家，點(diǎn)頭并不表示“是”而是表示“不”。He was in deep trouble , yet he didnt lose heart.他深陷困境，然而他沒(méi)有喪失信心。Rick was very successful. However, the last few years of his life were not happy ones.瑞克非常成功，然而他的晚年并不幸福。You like sports, while Id rather read.你喜歡體育而我卻喜歡讀書(shū)。They were surprised that a child should work out the problem,while they themselves couldnt.他們很吃驚一個(gè)孩子能把這個(gè)題解出來(lái)而他們卻不能。She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact I was talking about my daughter. 她認(rèn)為我是在談?wù)撍呐畠?，而事?shí)上我在談?wù)撐遗畠骸Ｗ⒁猓簄otbut在連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要按就近原則，與靠近的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。Not the manager but the workers are hoping to do that.不是經(jīng)理而是工人們希望那么做。Not you but I am a teacher.不是你而是我是老師。3、表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞此類(lèi)并列連詞主要有or, or else, eitheror, otherwise，neithernor, not nor等。（1）or的用法 可以連接兩個(gè)的詞，多用于否定或者疑問(wèn)句中。主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)不一致時(shí), 動(dòng)詞隨著接近的主語(yǔ)而變化。John or you are in Class Two.約翰或者你在二班。He never smokes or drinks.他從不吸煙，也不喝酒。Will you have tea or coffee? 你喝茶還是喝咖啡？Are you leaving for Beijing by train or by plane?你是坐火車(chē)還是坐飛機(jī)去北京？She will be back either today or tomorrow.她不是今天回來(lái)，就是明天回來(lái)。 連接兩個(gè)句子，常和else連用。Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away?你愿意先喝咖啡還是我們談?wù)?。Put on your overcoat, or you will catch cold. 穿上你的大衣，不然你會(huì)著涼。 He must pay the debt or else go to prison.他必須還債,否則就得去坐牢。Hurry up, or/or else well be late for the meeting.趕快，否則我們開(kāi)會(huì)要遲到的。注意：or, or else, otherwise三者相比，or else語(yǔ)氣較or強(qiáng)，而otherwise語(yǔ)氣則最強(qiáng)。Make haste, or (else) youll be late.快點(diǎn), 要不然就來(lái)不及了。Lets begin, otherwise, we will fall behind.我們這就開(kāi)始吧，不然會(huì)落后的。I would like you to change this blouse, or else give me my money back.我想要你換掉這件襯衣，要不把錢(qián)退給我。or和and與否定詞連用之謎先做下面三道題:用or或and填空，要求構(gòu)成完全否定。l.Tom_Mary cannot speak Chinese.They did not speak Japanese clearly_correctly,either.湯姆和瑪麗不會(huì)講漢語(yǔ)，日語(yǔ)也講得不清楚，不正確。2.The clock has no eyes_ears.And it has no mouth_ no legs,either. 時(shí)鐘沒(méi)有眼晴和耳朵，也沒(méi)有嘴和腿。3.Man cant live without air_water.Thats to say,man will die without air_water. 沒(méi)有空氣和水，人就不生活，也就是說(shuō)，沒(méi)有空氣和水，人就會(huì)死。說(shuō)明:在否定句中，并列成分的列舉通常用or連接構(gòu)成完全否定，用and連接構(gòu)成部分否定。但在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)課本中，否定詞與and連用，有以下幾種情況，仍構(gòu)成完全否定:1.列舉成分是主語(yǔ)，又在否定詞之前，用and連接，而在否定詞之后的列舉成分用or構(gòu)成完全否定，所以句1的答案是and，or。2.列舉成分之前都有否定詞時(shí)，用and連接，否則用or連接，也都構(gòu)成完全否定，所以句2的答案是or，and。3.在否定句中，without之后若有列舉成分用and連接，構(gòu)成完全否定；而在肯定句中，without之后的列舉成分要用or連接才能構(gòu)成完全否定，故句3的答案應(yīng)是and，or。（2）eitheror, neithernor, not nor的用法 可以連接兩個(gè)的詞eitheror, neithernor, not nor等連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也依據(jù)就近原則。Either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父親就是我兄弟要來(lái)。Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。Either the coach or the players are responsible for the defeat.不是教練就是運(yùn)動(dòng)員對(duì)這次失敗負(fù)有責(zé)任。He does not ride, nor shoot, nor fish .他既不愛(ài)好騎馬，也不愛(ài)好射擊、釣魚(yú)。連接兩個(gè)句子，當(dāng)neither, nor放句首時(shí)，該句倒裝。Either we go now or we remain here forever.要么我們現(xiàn)在走，要么我們永遠(yuǎn)在這呆下去。Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.理論沒(méi)有實(shí)踐不行, 實(shí)踐沒(méi)有理論也不行。Mrs. Smith doesnt smoke, neither/nor does her husband.史密斯夫人不抽煙，她丈夫也不。4、表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞這類(lèi)連詞常見(jiàn)的有so(因此)，for(因?yàn)?，therefore(因此)等。并列連詞for表示原因，用以附加說(shuō)明。這個(gè)詞引導(dǎo)的分句必須放在第一個(gè)分句之后。（1）for的用法 for可以表示原因，但引起的不是從句，而是分句，對(duì)前面的情況加以解釋?zhuān)卸禾?hào)把它和前面的分句分開(kāi)，在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中用的較多。I apologized to her , for I had wronged her.我向她道歉了，因?yàn)槲义e(cuò)怪了她。The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before.商店相當(dāng)新，因?yàn)樗恍瞧谇安砰_(kāi)業(yè)。He felt no fear, for he was very brave.他很勇敢, 毫不畏懼。（2）so的用法so 表示結(jié)果，意為“因此，所以，于是”。These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough. 這些建筑物已有50多年的壽命，因此不夠堅(jiān)固。It was late, so we went home.天晚了, 所以我們就回家去了。He was sick, so they were quiet.他病了, 所以他們 很安靜。（3）therefore的用法therefore意為“因此, 所以”，語(yǔ)氣比較文氣，多放在分句或句子的前面。It was rather late, so we decided to go home.天相當(dāng)晚了，因此我們決定回家。Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer deaths,therefore it is our duty to master it.治療中采用先進(jìn)的技術(shù)就意味著減少痛苦與死亡，因此掌握先進(jìn)的技術(shù)是我們的職責(zé)。He broke the law ,therefore he was put into prison.他違犯了法律，因此被投入監(jiān)獄。一用恰當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞填空1.Hurry up, _ youll be late for class.2.Practise more, _ youll be able to speak English better.3.He didnt come to school yesterday, _ he was ill .4.He is in his sixties, _ he has made up his mind to learn a second foreign language.5.It was very cold yesterday_ we stayed at home.6.Our English teacher is a nice man, _ everybody likes him.7._ you are wrong _ he is.8._ does she ring well, _ she dances beautifully.9.He had learned English for ten years, _ he is not very good at spoken English.10.One cannot see air, _it does exist.11.You must take a rest, _ you will lose your health.12.They had lost their way in the forest, they could _ go further _ turn back.13.You dont like it, _ does your sister.14.I have read one of his novels _ a few of his plays.二、單項(xiàng)選擇1The singer is not well thought of _ his records do not sell well. A. but B. and C. or D. while2. I want to pick up the programme, _ I havent got a short-wave radio. A. for B. so C. and D. but 3. Dont tell a lie any more, _ I wont make friends with you. A. nor B. neither C. but D. or 4. Every person wants to keep fit, _ we need healthy foods. A. so B. and C. while D. but 5. The fire was very big, _ the firefighters put it out in half an hour. A. but B. while C. however D. yet6. They are going to return some of the milu deer to the wild, _ their number decreases year by year. A. so B. for C. therefore D. and 7. There some jobs that men can do ,_ there are also some jobs that men cannot do well. A. while B. because C. or D. so 8. He is over forty, _ he insists on learning another foreign language. A. and B., so C. or D. still9. Be careful when you stand on the dam. _, you will fall into the wa