高一英語(yǔ)必修三第一單元重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解(重要詞匯-語(yǔ)法等)

Unit 1重要單詞，詞組講解1. mean的用法What do you mean to do with it? I didnt mean to hurt you.1）mean to do意欲做This means staying here longer. Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 2）mean doing意味著做He is not meant for a teacher and will always be unhappy in the school.Be meant for 適合做他說(shuō)他不適合讀書(shū)因?yàn)閼小e says he _ a student for his laziness.這次考試失敗意味著要再考一次。Failing this exam _ another one.我并不是故意遲到的。I didnt _ be late for school.2. celebrate vt.(1)慶祝；祝賀celebrate Christmas / ones birthday / a victory (成功)(2)贊揚(yáng)；稱頌The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.詞語(yǔ)辨析：celebrate, congratulatecelebrate后常接日期,事情或場(chǎng)合congratulate后常接人表示為某事而祝賀某人congratulate sb. on/upon sth. ex：congratulate you on your marriage. 有時(shí)還表示私自慶幸的意思。ex：I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished. 3. 英語(yǔ)中表示“發(fā)生”的詞或短語(yǔ)均為不及物，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)為所發(fā)生的事。詞語(yǔ)辨析：take place, happen, occur, come about, break out的比較1） The wedding will take place tomorrow.2）In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China. take place發(fā)生,舉行; 側(cè)重安排或計(jì)劃而發(fā)生的事,帶有“非偶然”的意思 3) What has happened to her？碰巧，恰好 happen “發(fā)生”，普通用詞，含義很廣。常指具體客觀事物或情況的發(fā)生，含有“偶然”的意味。 當(dāng)以具體事物、事件作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，happen 和 occur可以換用；但當(dāng)happen用作“碰巧”之意時(shí)，不能用occur代替，但可以與come about 互換。4) It happened to rain that day. 5) The traffic accident occurred on Wednesday. occur “發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”,較正式用詞，指事情偶然地、意外地發(fā)生或思想突然浮在心頭。occur to 有“想起”的意思。6) The Second World War broke out in 1939. break out (火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、疾病)突然發(fā)生、爆發(fā) 7) How does it come about that you were caught by the police? come about “發(fā)生”, 往往注重事情發(fā)生的原因。且很多時(shí)候與how 連用。與happen 用法較接近 用take place , happen 和 come about 的正確形式填空1. The May 4th Movement _ in 1919.2. If anything _ to the machine, let me know at once.3. The opening day of the play _ tomorrow night.4. Can you tell me how it _?4. starve: vt.使餓死 vi.餓得要死starve to death be starved of/ starve for: 渴望她很寂寞，渴望友誼：She is lonely, starving for friendship.The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for affection. 渴望母愛(ài)他們?cè)谏衬忻月范I死。他們正急需一大筆錢來(lái)完成工作。They got lost in the desert and _.They are _ a sum of money to finish their work.n. starvation 餓死：die of _5. a year/ day of plenty 富裕/豐收的年月 days/ years of plenty Have we got enough apples? Yes, there are plenty in the basket. plenty of +復(fù)數(shù)n/ 不可數(shù)n plenty of eggs/ food/milk 足夠的6. honour1) 光榮，榮譽(yù)(n) They fight for the honour of the country. One must show honour to ones parents.2) in honour of 為了紀(jì)念 A festival is set in honour of the hero.3) an hounour 光榮的人或事情 Liu Xiang is an honour to our country.4) 尊敬,給以榮譽(yù)（v） Children should honour their parents. 7. satisfy Vt. Vi. 使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足Nothing can satisfy him except the best.Some people are really hard to satisfy.sb.be satisfied with 對(duì)滿意e.g. Shes not satisfied with her new house.令人滿意的： satisfying, satisfactory滿意：satisfaction8. please Vt 使愉快，取悅It is difficult to please everybody.Our aim is to please the customers.pleased (人) 高興的愉快的Pleasing (物) 令人愉快的pleasant (物) 好聽(tīng)的，令人舒服的pleasure 高興的事情聽(tīng)到她悅耳的聲音我們很高興.We are _ to hear her _voice. It is such a _ to us.I was very _ to hear the news.The news was very _ to us.9. harm n 損害，傷害e.g. He meant no harm to you. ( He didnt intend to hurt you.) do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sbThe events has harmed the relations between the two countries. 10. They offer food, flowers and gift. 詞語(yǔ)辨析：offer, provide, supply offer 主動(dòng)提供。offer sth to sb; offer sb sthprovide 供給（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。 provide sth (for sb); provide sb with sth.supply: 供應(yīng)（所需要或所要求之物）。supply sth to sb; supply sb with sth When I meet difficulty, my roommates will_me help. 他們懸賞找回丟失的珠寶。 They_a reward for the return of the lost jewels. 政府得提供這些老人們吃穿。 The government need to_these old people with food and clothes. 每個(gè)月都得供應(yīng)足夠的電。 Electricity should be _enough every month. 11. in memory of = to the memory of sb The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.in honor of in charge of in search of sb. / sth. 12. dress up 盛裝打扮，化裝打扮 You dont have to dress up. Come as you are.Children love dressing up in Halloween.dress oneself 給某人自己穿衣dress sb 給某人穿衣服你認(rèn)識(shí)穿著白色裙子的那個(gè)女孩嗎？Do you know the girl who is dressed in a white skirt?Do you know the girl who is wearing a white skirt?Do you know the girl who has on a white skirt?選詞填空：wear dress have on put on1. My daughter is now able to herself.2. Mr. Wu always a blue coat in Winter.3.Xiao Wang a white shirt today.4.I like to my hat when I go out in Winter.13. award n. 獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，獎(jiǎng)金, 助學(xué)金 She showed us the awards she had won.Mary got an award and was able to finish her study.vt. 授予裁定award sb sth= award sth to sb The judges awarded both teams equal points.reward 回報(bào),報(bào)酬他因?yàn)榕W(xué)習(xí)而受獎(jiǎng)。他用100塊錢酬謝這個(gè)工人。He _ for studying hard.He _ the worker with 100 yuan.14. admire sb/sth (for ) 欽佩，羨慕 They admired our garden. I admire him for his success in business.我們都?xì)J佩他的勇氣和膽識(shí)。We all _his courage and bravery.admiration 名詞 admirable 形容詞15. look forward to(介詞) + n/ v-ing 盼望，期待Im looking forward to his coming.以下短語(yǔ)中的to也為介詞，后面加doing，而不是dopay attention to 注意 devoteto 致力于prefer to 更加喜歡 get down to 開(kāi)始做be used to 習(xí)慣于 -ward 向著方向 backward 向后 forward 向前16. as though= as if 好像，仿佛1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣(從句所用的時(shí)態(tài)比前面真實(shí)句所用的時(shí)態(tài)倒退一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài).)He behaved as if/ though nothing had happened.He talks as if/though he knew everything.He looks as if he were ill.2. 陳述語(yǔ)氣（表示很可能的事實(shí)就用陳述語(yǔ)氣,)It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.1.）他向我招手好像有事情告訴我。He waved to me as if to tell me something.2.） 這女孩環(huán)顧四周好像在找什么東西。The girl looked around as if in search of something.3.) 他說(shuō)起來(lái)好像他是一個(gè)專家似的。He talks as if he _ an expert.4.) 他英語(yǔ)講得很流利，就像在英國(guó)學(xué)的一樣。He spoke English so fluently as if he _ it in England.5.) 看起來(lái)我們對(duì)要贏了。It looks as if our team _.17. turn up1) appear 出現(xiàn),露面 他到目前還沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。He _so far.你總是遲到!(做事慢慢吞吞的)Youre always _ late for everything!2)調(diào)大聲音，把.開(kāi)大點(diǎn)兒請(qǐng)把火調(diào)大一點(diǎn)。Please _ the fire.相關(guān)短語(yǔ):turn down 關(guān)小，拒絕turn off 關(guān)掉turn on 打開(kāi) turn out 結(jié)果是turn to sb. for help 向某人求助18. keep ones word 守信用, 遵守諾言 break ones word 違背諾言in a word 簡(jiǎn)言之 in other words 換句話說(shuō) have a word with sb. 與某人交談 have words with sb. (about sth.) 關(guān)于某事與某人爭(zhēng)吵 我想和你談一下。Id like to _ with you.A gentleman should always _ his _.A. keeps; wordB. keep; wordC. keeps; wordsD. keep; words19. hold ones breath 屏息當(dāng)那個(gè)女孩看到那條蛇的時(shí)候，她屏住呼吸。The girl _ at the sight of the snake. take breath 呼吸lose ones breath= be out of breath 喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)breathe v. breath n.When we got to the top of the mountain, we were nearly _. A. under our breath B. lost our breath C. caught our breath D. out of breath20. apologize 道歉 apologize to sb for (doing) sth = say sorry to sb for doing sth你必須為你的粗魯行為向老師道歉。You must apologize _ the teacher _ being so rude. apology n.make an apology to sb for (doing) sth.21. drown (drowned, drowned )浸、泡, 淹沒(méi),淹死洪水淹沒(méi)了街道和房子。The floods _ the streets and houses.借 消愁 drown ones sorrow/sadness indrown ones sorrow/sadness in coffeeFrank tried to save the _ girl in the river, but unfortunately he was _.A. drowned; drowning B. drowning; drownedC. drowned; drowned D. drowning; drowning22. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. obvious adj. 明顯的， 清楚的It + be + obvious +that-clauseIt was obvious that she was in danger.23. wipe (wiped, wiped)Vt 擦，擦去 wipe off抹掉，擦掉 wipe up擦干凈，殲滅The students on duty _ the blackboard during break.A. Wiped the words off B. washed C. Cleaned D. A and Cclean the blackboard wipe the words off the blackboard 24. remind sb. of sth 提醒某人某事 remind sb. to do sth remind sb. that1) 他提醒我那個(gè)承諾。He reminded me of my promise.2) 他提醒我要早起。He reminded me to get up early.3) 他提醒我本應(yīng)該小心點(diǎn)。He reminded that I should have been more careful.25. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought.set off: 動(dòng)身, 出發(fā); (側(cè)重去某一個(gè)地方）； 使（地雷、炸彈）爆炸; Tom and his father set off for America yesterday. The bomb set off among the crowd.相關(guān)短語(yǔ)： set about doing sth. =set out to do sth 著手（做某事）26. 用custom, practice 和 habit1） I have the _ of getting up early.2） It is the _ for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall.3） Social _ differ from country to country.4） He makes a _ of cheating at examinations.5） We should pay _ when we import from abroad.#.custom 指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接不定式。#.practice 習(xí)俗，慣例; 與custom近義，但含貶義。make a practice of 慣常做某事。#.habit 生活習(xí)慣，后接of doing, 不可接不定式。選詞填空：worldwide/ permission/ apologize/ drown/sadness/ wipe/weep / forgive/ obvious/ turn up/ keep ones word/ hold ones breath/ set off/ remindof1) You shouldnt tell such lies.2) They entered the area without .3) The poor man is his sorrows.4) His fame is .5) The man should to you for knocking you down.6) He cant himself for not seeing his mother before she died.7) He is always waiting for something to .8) The children are fireworks in the garden.9) You may depend on what he says, for he is a person who always .10) The race was so close that everyone was at the finish.11) The film him what he had seen in China.選用下列單詞的正確形式填空：ancestor belief gather agricultural admire award starve mean1. She has been a_ a scholarship to study at Harvard.2. The a_of whom I am proudest is my great grandfather.3. When a boy leaves college and begins to earn money, he can live a life of i_.4. Dark clouds were g_in the sky. Heavy rain would come soon.5. I like to take some e_ exercise at weekends.6. A_ in this country has developed greatly after liberation.用下列短語(yǔ)造句：in memory of dress up as if play a trick on look forward to day and night have fun with1. A celebration was held _ (為了紀(jì)念這位著名的作家).2. Children love _ (打扮) .3. The naughty students _ (正在和他們的老師玩惡作劇).4. I am _ (盼望著見(jiàn)到他 ).5. The three men took turns driving the truck, and _ (他們夜以繼日地駕駛了三天).6. It looks _ _ (好像他們都很著急).7. At the Spring Festival in China, people love to get together to eat, drink and _ (彼此都玩得很開(kāi)心).語(yǔ)法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞有十三個(gè)：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，除ought 和have外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式。 2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱，數(shù)的變化，但有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can、will也有一般式和過(guò)去式的變化。3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)態(tài)”形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志，不少情況下，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式形式和過(guò)去式形式都可用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間、過(guò)去時(shí)間和將來(lái)時(shí)間。can, could 和be able to的用法1.can, be able to都可表示“能力”Can的主語(yǔ)是人或物,be able to的主語(yǔ)是人 She can/be able to sing the song in English.This machine can make you feel comfortable.2.can只用于現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式(could)。beableto可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 Well be able to finish the work soon.I havent been able to see the film.could用于表示泛指過(guò)去的能力。如： IcouldreadwhenIwasfour. Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened.She ran fast but she couldnt /wasnt able to catch the bus.3.表示特定的某一過(guò)去能力或表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。 HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout. Hewasabletoswimhalfwaybeforehegottired. 4.could不表示時(shí)態(tài) ,表示委婉的請(qǐng)求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 Could I have a look at your notebook?Yes, you can./No,youcant. 5.表示“驚異,懷疑,不相信”的態(tài)度(主要用于否定句,疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句中)Can this news be true?How can you be so foolish? It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill.6.表示推測(cè)，譯為“可能、或許”，can常用于否定句(意思是不可能已經(jīng))和疑問(wèn)句；could除用于否定句及疑問(wèn)句外,還可用于肯定句(意思是那時(shí)可能;本來(lái)可以)。Linda didnt catch the train. She could have caught it. Dontworry. Theycouldhavejustforgottentophone. may和might 1. may和might 用于一般問(wèn)句中表示委婉的請(qǐng)求,肯定回答用may,否定用mustnt-May I use your pencil?-Yes, you may./ No, you mustnt.2. may和might表示“可能性”, may/might + v 指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作情況。might暗示的可能性更小 She may not be working now. John might be at home now.3.對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的可能性作出判斷用may/might have done,用might比用may的可能性更小 She may/might have gone to the cinema. They may/might not have received our telephone.4.may放在句首祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! MayGodblessyou! Will 和 would1.will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各種人稱If you will help me with my English, I will be very happy. I promised that I would do my best.2.在疑問(wèn)句中,will用于第二人稱,表示請(qǐng)求或征求意見(jiàn),would則語(yǔ)氣更委婉Will you tell him the news as soon as he comes back？ Would you please speak again more slowly？shall ,should 和ought to1.shall用于第二、三人稱表示允諾、警告、命令、決心等。You shall do as I say. (命令) Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允諾) Nothing shall stop me doing it. (決心) 2.在疑問(wèn)句中,用于第一、三人稱，用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求或征求意見(jiàn)。Shall I open the window for you？（征求意見(jiàn)） Shall he fetch some water for you？（請(qǐng)求）3. should常表示勸告、建議、命令，與ought to意義相近，但ought to多表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。在疑問(wèn)句中通常用should代替ought to。Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.4.should/ought to have done表示責(zé)備或批評(píng),意為“本應(yīng)該做到但沒(méi)有做到”,用于否定則表示“本不該但”ought to的語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈.You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier. She shouldnt have left without saying a word.must 和haveto1.Must用于一般問(wèn)句中,肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或dont have to，做“不必”,mustnt表示“禁止，不允許” MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime? Yes, you must. No,youneednt. Youmustntgetdownwhilethecarisstillmoving. 2.表示“必須”這個(gè)意思時(shí)，must和haveto稍有區(qū)別。must著重說(shuō)明主觀看法，haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。另外，haveto能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。 I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.3.must表示對(duì)某人某事的猜測(cè)，作“準(zhǔn)是”，“一定” ，一般用于肯定句中。對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事