英語詩歌欣賞知識(詳細)ppt課件VIP

.,英語詩歌欣賞EvaluationandAppreciationofEnglishPoetry,.,“Theliteraturethatiswritteninsomekindofverseform.-areadersdefinition,“thebestwordsinthebestorder.”-SamuelTaylorColeridge,“nottheassertionthatsomethingistrue,butthemakingofthattruthmorefullyrealtous.”-T.S.Eliot,.,Literaturethatisnotprose,1.amusicaleffectcreatedbyrhythmandsounds2.apreciseandfreshimagery3.multiplelevelsofinterpretationbytheconnotationofcloserwordsandbyallusions,.,.TheMusicalEffectofPoetry,Poetryhasitsrootsinsong.epics,ballads,travelingbards,minstrels,Musicaleffectsaremainlycreatedbyrhythm.,Foot-agroupofsyllablesformingametricalunit,aunitofrhythm.Meter-thepatternofstressedandunstressedsyllablesusedinpoem.,.,伐木丁丁，鳥鳴嚶嚶。四言詩,欲窮千里目，更上一層樓。五言詩,春風又綠江南岸。七言詩,.,monometer（單音步)pentameter（五音步）dimeter（雙音步）hexameter（六音步）trimeter（三音步）heptameter（七音步）tetrameter（四音步）octameter（八音步）,.,雪壓冬云白絮飛1234tetrameter,Twinkletwinklelittlestartetrameter,.,陰平、陽平、上聲、去聲平仄,老夫喜作黃昏頌，滿目青山夕照明。仄平仄仄平平仄，仄仄平平仄仄平。,.,平仄互協(xié)“音樂的和有趣的思想結合”愛倫坡,“欲調曼聲，必諧三聲“（平、上、去）,高低疾徐抑揚頓挫漢語四聲調的特色,.,陰平聲輕，陽平聲重，上聲后而舉，去聲清而遠,stressed-accent重音揚unstressed-unaccented輕音抑fivemetricpatterns（音律）,.,1Iambic抑揚格:control2Trochaic揚抑格:tiger3Anapestic抑抑揚格:contradict4Dactylic揚抑抑格:foolishness5Spondaic揚揚格:moonstone,.,lTheskyishigh,thecloudsarepale.-iambictetrameter四步抑揚格,lDoubledoubletoilandtroubleFireburnandcauldronbubble-ShakespeareItstrochaictetrameter.(四步揚抑格),.,lLikeachildfromthewombLikeaghostfromthetombIariseandinbuiltitagain.-Shelley-Anapestictetrameterandtrimeter,lIdadreamto-night,AsIfeelasleep-anapesticandiambicdimeter,.,ElegywritteninaCountryChurchyard-ThomasGray,Thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,Thelowingherdwindslowingoerthelea,Theplowmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,Andleavestheworldtodarknessandme.,.,Thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,Thelowingherdwindslowingoerthelea,Theplowmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,Andleavestheworldtodarknessandme.,.,TherewasayoungladyofNigerWhosmiledassherodeonatigerTheyreturnedfromtheride,.,WiththeladyinsideAndthesmileonthefaceofthetiger,Apoemforappreciation-goodandharmoniouscombinationofrhythmandrhyme.,.,MyHeartsintheHighlands.-RobertBurns,MyheartsintheHighlands,myheartisnothere,MyheartsintheHighlandsa-chasingthedear,A-chasingthewilddeerandfollowingtheroe-MyheartsintheHighlands,whereverIgo?,.,FarewelltotheHighlands,farewelltotheNorth,Thebirthplaceofvalor,thecountryofworth,WhereverIwonder,whereverIrove,ThehillsofHighlandsforeverIlove.,.,Farewelltothemountainshighcoveredwithsnow,Farewelltothestrathsandgreenvalleysbelow,Farewelltotheforestsandwild-hangingwoods,Farewelltothetorrentsandloud-pouringfloods.,.,*Rhyme(rime),大江歌罷掉頭東donga邃密群科濟世窮qiongarimetogether面壁十年圖破壁,bib難酬滔海亦英雄.xionga,.,Abookofverseunderneaththebough,Ajugofwine,aloafofbread-andthou,Besidemesinginginthewilderness,O,wildnesswereparadiseenow.,Thefirst,secondandfourthlinerimetogether.,FromOmarKheyyan-byEdwardFitzgerald魯拜集,.,美酒佐干糧，樹蔭誦詩章，君喉歌宛轉，荒漠即天堂。郭沫若（譯）,.,TypesofRhyme,1.1.Endrhyme（尾韻）-rhymeestablishedattheendofverseline.2.Internalrhyme（中間韻）-rhymecontainedwithinalineofverse.,.,Spring-ThomasNash,Spring,thesweetspring,istheyearspleasantkingThenbloomseachthing,thenmaidsdanceinringColddothnotsting,theprettybirdsdosing.Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!,.,ThepalmandmaymakecountryhousesgayLambsfriskandplay,theshepherdspipeallday,AndwehearaybirdstunethismerrylayCuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!,.,Thefieldsbreathesweet,Thedaisieskissourfeet;Youngloversmeet,Oldwivesa-sunningsit;IneverystreetthesetunesourearsdogreetCuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Spring!thesweetspring:,.,Thefirststanza:spring-thing-stingking-ring-sing,Thesecondstanza:may-play-aygay-day-lay,.,Thethirdstanza:Sweet-meet-streetFeet-sit-great,Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!,.,3.Slantrhyme-aninexactrhymewherethefinalconsonantsoundsarethesamebutthevowelsoundsaredifferent.,nearrhyme,half-rhyme,partialrhyme.,Andbyhissmile,Iknowthatsullenhall,Byhisdeadsmile,Iknowwestoodinhell.,.,1.4.Eyerhyme-therhymingoftwowordswhichlookasiftheydrhyme,butdonot.,e.g.move-love,.,1)Onesyllablerhyme（押單韻）orsinglerhyme-usuallycalledasmasculinerime,malerime.,2)Doublerhyme（押雙韻）-rhymeinwhichtwoconsecutivesyllablesoftherhymewordsmatch.Thefirstsyllablecarriesthestress.Lightness,elegancefeminine,femalerhymee.g:motion-oceanwaken-forsakenaudition-rendition,.,3)Triplerhyme（三重韻）e.g:glorious-victorious,.,*Othermusicaldevices-theuseofsounds,1.Alliteration首字韻-repetitionoftwoormoreinitialconsonantssoundsinwordswithinaverseline.,e.g:Whenfortitudehaslostitsfire,Andfreezesintofear.,.,Itylus-Swinburne,Swallow,mysister,o,sister,swallow,WhywiltthouflyafterspringtotheSouth,Thesoftsouthwitherthineheartisset.,.,bagandbaggageMightandmainhaleandheartyTimeandtidewaitfornomanthickandthinfitasafiddleapiginapoke,.,12.Onomatopoeia擬聲詞-theuseofawordwhosesoundsuggestsitsmeaningorwhichimitatesthesoundmadebyanobjectorcreature.,e.g:cuckoo,jug-jug.,.,3.Assonance半諧詞-therepetitionoftwoormorevowelsoundswithinaline,e.g:lake-fatefeed-needsmate-shape,4.Consonants押輔音-therepetitionoftwoormoreconsonantssoundswithinaline.,e.g:Thesplendorfallsoncastlewalls.,.,Homework:TheTyger-WilliamBlake,Tyger!Tyger!burningbrightIntheforestsoftheNightWhatimmortalhandoreyeCouldframethyfearfulsymmetry?,.,InwhatdistantdeepsorskiesBurntthefireofthineeyes?Onwhatwingsdareheaspire?Whatthehanddareseizethefire?,Andwhatshoulder,andwhatart,Couldtwistthesinewsofthyheart?Andwhenthyheartbegantobeat,Whatdreadhand?andwhatdreadfeet?,.,Whatthehammer?Whatthechain?Inwhatfurnacewasthybrain?Whattheanvil?WhatdreadgraspDareitsdeadlyterrorsclasp?,WhenthestarsthrewdowntheirspearsAndwateredheavenwiththeirtears.Didhewhomadethelambmakethee?,.,Tyger!Tyger!burningbrightIntheforestsofthenight.WhatimmortalhandoreyeDareframethyfearfulsymmetry?,WhatstheTygerstandingfor?Whatdoesitsymbolizefor?GodB.thenaturespowerC.thepeopleD.revolution,.,Rhythm,Footormeter:mostly3feetinoneline-trimeterMetricpattern:mostlytrochaic,.,Tyger!Tyger!burningbright,Intheforestsofthenight,WhatimmortalhandoreyeCouldframethyfearfulsymmetry?,.,Trochaictrimeterendingwithanextraaccentedsyllable,Rhyme,Everytwolineshavethesamerime,thisiscalledrhymeincouple.,.,AnaccentedonesyllableSinglerhyme-masculinerhymeStrongandpowerful,Trochaicpattern-astrongrhyme,ShortsentencesLessfeet-addthestrengthtothepoem,.,So,Blakepurposelyusesthedevicesofrhythmandrhyme:malerhyme,lessfeet,andshortmetricpattern.Alladdmoreeffecttothepoemandgivethereadersastrongimpression.,.,Othermusicdevices,1.1.Alliteration-creatingthepowerfulnessofthe“Tyger”.Burningbright,distantdeeps,begantobeat,dareitsdeadlyterrorclasp,.,2.Repetition,lPerfectrepetitionofthefirststanzaattheendofthepoem.lThefrequentuseoftheword“dread”repeatedlyremindsthereaderthattheTygeristobefeared.Thepatternofthequestionsareinsistentlyrepeated.,.,Whatdreadhand?Andwhatdreadfeet?Whatthehammer?Whatthechain?Whattheanvil?Whatdreadgrasp?,TostrengthenthemusiceffectofthepoemandpowerfulnessoftheTyger.,.,Conclusion,AllthedevicesmentionedaboveinthispoemstronglysupportthesuggestionthatBlakeintendedinit.(thepoem),Blake,infact,isponderingthenatureoftheGod.IsthisGodcruelorgentle?Hedoesnotansweritdirectly,heraisedsomanyquestionsforreaderstothinkabout.Butbyreadingandanalyzethepoem,wecometoknowaboutthatwhatevertheTygeris,itisapowerfulandfearlesscreator.,.,.FormsofPoetry英詩的形式,SimplicitytovarietyTheformsofEnglishpoetryaredecidedbytheverselinesineachstanza,oronestanza.,.,1.Couplet雙行詩Twolines,thesamerhyme,Oneprospectlostanotherstillwegain,Andnotavanityisgivninvain.,.,3.三行體,A.triplet,ThePoetryofDress-R.Herrick,.,WhereissilkmyJuliagoesThen,thenhowsweetlyflowsaouThatliquefactionofherclothes,Next,whenIcastmineeyesandseeThatbravevibrationeachwayfreebi:Ohowthatglitteringtakethme,.,B.terzarima（意大利三韻句）,Therimeschemeofthiskind:ababcb,cdc,ded,TheresapalaceinFlorence,theworldknowswell.aAndastatuewatchesitfromthesquare.bAndthisstoryofbothdoourtownmentell.a,.,Agesago,aladythere.bAtthefartherwindowfacingtheeastcAsked,whoridesbywiththeroyalair?b,.,3.Quatrain（四行體詩）,A.Onestanzaquatrain,.,TheRain-R.L.Stevenson,Therainisrainingallround,.aItfallsonfieldsandtree,.bItrainsontheumbrellashere,.cAndontheshipsatseab,.,B.Morestanzaquatrain,FreedomandLove-T.Campbell,.,HowdeliciousisthewinningofakissatlovesbeginningwhentwomutualheartsaresighingFortheknottheresnountying,Yetremember,midstyourwooinglovehasbliss,butlovehasruiningOthersmilesmaymakeyoufickleTearsforothercharmmaytrickle,.,MyLoveIsLikeaRed,RedRose-RobertBurns,O,myLuveslikeared.redrose,ThatsnewlysprunginJune;O,myLuveslikethemelodieThatssweetlyplaydintune.,.,Asfairartthou,mybonnielass,SodeepinluveamI;AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Tillatheseasgangdry.,Tillatheseasgangdry,mydear,Andtherocksmeltwithesun:AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Whilethesandsolifeshallrun.,.,Andfaretheeweel,myonlylove,Andfaretheeweelawhile!AndIwillcomeagain,myluve,Thoughitweretenthousandmile.,.,C.BalladStanza（民謠四行詩）,SirPatrickSpens-anoldScotlandballad,.,ThefirstlinethatsirPatrickreadAloudlaughlaughedhe;TheheistlinethatsirPatrickreadThetearblindedhisee,Theyhadntsaildaleague,aleagueAleaguebutbarelythreewhentheliftgrewdark,andthewindblewlandagurlygrewthesea,.,4.Fivelinestanza（五行詩體）,ToASkylark-P.B.Shelley,.,hailtothee,blitheSpirit!Birdthouneverwert,Thatfromheaver,ornearit,BouresttheyfullheartInprofusestrainsofunpremeditatedart.,.,Higherstillandhigher,FromtheearththouspringestlikeacloudofFire;Thebluedeepthouwingest,Andsingingstilldostsoar,andsoaringeversingest.,.,5.Sixlinestanza（六行詩體）,TheMoon-Shelley,.,Andlikeadyingladyleanandpalewhotottersforth,wrappdinagauzyveilOutofherchamber,ledbytheinsaneAndfeeblewandeingsofherfadingbrainThemoonaroseupinthemurkyeastAwhiteandshapelessmass,.,6.Sevenlinestanza（七行詩體）,PentameterIambic,ababbcc,RapeofLucrece-Shakespeare,.,WhentheyhadsworntothisadviseddoomTheydidconcludetobeardeadlucrecethenceToshowherbleedingbodythroughRomeAndsotopublishTarquinsfonoffencewhichbeingdonewithspeedydiligenceTheRomansplansiblydidgiveconsentToTarquinseverlastingbanishment,.,7.Eightlinestanza（八行詩體）,A.OttavaRimaPentameteriambic,abababcc,DonJuan-Byron,.,Juanandhaideegazeduponeachotherwithswimminglooksofspeechlesstendernesswhichmixedallfeeling,friends,child,lover,brotherAllthatthebestcanmingleandexpressAndlovetoomuch,andyetcannotlovelessButalmostsantifythesweetexcessBytheimmortalwishandpowertobless,.,B.Triolet（法國體八行詩）Onlytworime:ABaAabaA,AKiss-AustinDobson,.,Rosekissedmetoday,Willshekissmetomorrow,letitbeasitmay,Rosekissedmetoday.,Rosekissedmetoday,Willshekissmetomorrow,letitbeasitmay,Rosekissedmetoday.,.,8.Ninelinestanza（九行詩體）Spenser-SpenserianStanzaababbcbcc,FaerieQueene-Spenser(略),.,9.Tenlinestanza（十行詩體）,OdetotheNightingale-J.Keats,.,Myheartaches,andadrowsynumbnesspainsMysense,asthoughofhemlockIhaddrunk,OremptiedsomedullopiatetothedrainsOneminutepast,andILethe-wardshadsunk:Tisnotthroughenvyofthyhappylot,Butbeingtoohappyinthinehappiness,-Thatthou,light-wingedDryadofthetrees,InsomemelodiousplotOfbeechengreen,andshadowsnumberless,Singestofsummerinfull-throatedease.,.,10.Sonnet（十四行詩）,A.lovesonnettheoctave-thefirst8lines:abba,abbathesestet-thelast6lines:cde,cde,cdc,dcd,OnHisBlindness-JohnMilton,.,WhenIconsiderhowmylightisspentErehalfmydays,inthisdarkworldandwide,AndthatonetalentwhichisdeathtohideLodgedwithmeuseless,thoughmysoulmorebent,ToservetherewithmyMaker,andpresentMytrueaccount,lestHereturningchide,-DothGodexactday-labour,lightdenied?Ifondlyask:-ButPatience,toprevent,.,Thatmurmur,soonreplies;goddothnotneedEithermanswork,orHisowngifts:whobestBearHismildyoke,theyserveHimbest:hisstate,Iskingly;thousandsathisbiddingspeedAndpostoerlandoceanwithoutrest;-Theyalsoservewhoonlystandwait.,.,B.ShakespeareanSonnetRhymescheme:abab,cdcd,efef,gg,ASonnetbyShakespeare,.,ThattimeofyearthoumaystinmebeholdWhenyellowleaves,ornone,orfew,dohangUponthoseboughswhichshakeagainstthecoldBareruinedchoirswherelatethesweetbirdssangInmethouseestthetwilightofsuchdayAsaftersunsetfadethinthewest,Whichby-and-byblacknightdothtakeawayDeathssecondselfthatsealsupallinrest,.,InmethouseesttheglowingofsuchfireThatontheashesofhisyouthdorthlieAsthedeathbedwhereonitmustexpireConsumedwiththatwhichitwasnourishedbyThisthouperceivst,whichmakesthylovemorestrongTolovethatwellwhichthoumustleaveerelong.,.,Wordsworth（華茲華斯）Shakespeareunlockedhisheartaglow-wormlampItcheeredmildSpenser,calledfromfairy-landTostrugglethroughdarkwaysandwhenadampFellroundthepathofMilton,inhishandTheThingbecomeatrumpet,whenceheblewSoul-animatingstrains-alas,toofew!,.,.ImageryImagery-istheuseofdescriptivelanguagetorecreatesensoryexperiences.Animageisaverbalpictureofanobject,action,abstractidea,orsensation.Imagesoftenarecreatedbyusingfiguresofspeech.,.,11.Metaphor-Acomparisonofunlikeitems,thecomparisonisdirectlystated.,e.g.Alltheworldisastage.,.,1.2.Simile-thedirectcomparisonoftwounlikeitems,usingthewords“l(fā)ike”or“as”tocompleteit.,e.g.Helen,thybeautyistomelikethoseNicearbarksofyore-AllanPoe“ToHelen”,.,1.3.Personification-thefigureofspeechwhichassignshumanqualitiestoinanimateobjectsorabstractions.,e.g.BecauseIcouldnotstopfordeathHekindlystoppedforme.-EmilyDickinson,.,TheMoondothwithdelightlookroundherwhentheheavensarebare.-WilliamWordsworth,.,4.Metonymy-literally“achangeofname”,afigureofspeechinwhichthenameofsomeobjectorideaissubstitutedforanothernametowhichithassomerelation.,e.g.WhenIconsiderhowmylightisspent.-JohnMilton,.,TheSerpentthatdidstingthefatherslifeNowwearshiscrown.-Shakespeare(SerpentStandsforClaudius),.,1.5.Synecdoche-afigureofspeechinwhichapartofanobjectisusedtorepresentthewholeobjectoridea.,E.g.Notmarble,northegildedmonumentsofprinces,shalloutlinethispowerfulrhyme-Shakespeare“Sonnet55”,.,1.6.Apostrophe-afigureofspeechinwhichaninanimateobject,adeadperson,oranabstractideaisaddresseddirectly.,e.g.Hailtothee,blithespirit!Birdthouneverwent-PercyByssheShelley,.,1.7.Hyperbole-anexaggerationusedtogiveemphasis,e.g.Thebrainiswiderthanthesky-EmilyDickinson,.,1.8.Litotes-afigureofspeechinwhichanideaisexpressedbyunderstatementorbydenyingitsopposite.,e.g.Feelingstoo,Ofunrememberedpleasure:such,perhaps,AshavenoslightortrivialinfluenceOnthatbestportionofagoodmanslife,-WilliamWordsworth,.,19.Paradox-astatementwhichisanapparentcontradictioncontainsabasisoftruthwhich,whenconsidered,reconcilestheseemingopposite.,e.g.Imnobody!Whoareyou?-EmilyDickinson,.,Myyouthisspent,andyetIamnotold.-C.TichborneOxymoronisapoeticalparadoxSuchas“o,lovinghate!”,.,110.Pun-aplayontwowordspronouncedsomewhatalikebutdifferinginmeaning.,.,OtherdevicesImagesalsocanbecreatedbyotherdevices.,1)SymbolismTheuseofanobject,person,reason,animalorotherconcreteitemtorepresentanabstractideaoranemotion.,.,2)AllusionAreferencetoanoutsideevent,person,orfact.Mostallusioninpre-twentiethcenturypoetryreferredtoeventsinpeoplefromclassicalGreekmythologyortheBible.Moreofteninthetwentiethcenturypoetsonefindsallusionstocurrenteventsorpersonage.,.,.TypesofPoetry,11.TheLyricpoemAlyricpoemisapoemoflimitedlength,expressingthethoughtsandfeelingsofasinglespeaker.Thelyrichasaregularmetricalpatternandaregularrhymescheme.,.,A.Theelegy-thisisadignifiedlyricpoemlamentingthedeathofanindividual“amongallmen”.B.Theode-thisisalyricpoemofconsiderablelength.Theodeisseriousinsubjectandformalinstyle.C.Thesonnet-thisisalyricpoemoffourteenlineswhichfollowadesignatedr