英語議論文范文.doc

Teenagers Access to the Internet Should Be Restricted The Internet is a wonderful world. It seems that with it we can do almost everything. Some people wont live a day without surfing on the Internet. But there arises the question: Should teenagers access to the Internet be restricted? My answer is a definite Yes. Teenagers should be allowed to use the computer, but their access to the Internet should be supervised, that is, restricted. Free access to the Internet will bring many problems to teenagers: it may interfere with their study; it does harm to their health; it exposes them to violence and pornography and may turn them into uncivilized or even dangerous people; and it may put those around teenagers in danger. First, unrestricted access to the Internet will interfere with teenagers study. As students, teenagers main task is to study, which needs much time. If teenagers are allowed to surf the Internet whenever and wherever they wish to, they will spend too much time chatting with others, searching for and downloading music and movies, listening to music, watching TV, reading news, and so on, which will take too much time and therefore do great harm to their study. Whats more, free access to the Internet may do harm to teenagers health. Teenagers are too young to have self-control. Without parents supervision, they will be attracted by the colorful information on the Internet and spend hours or even days on the Internet. Some even neglect their meals and sleep to chat with others or to play online games. My father, who is usually quite strict with himself,often stays up very late to play online bridge, which is certainly harmful to his health. How can we expect a teenager to resist the temptation of the Internet and tear himself from it. It wont be long before the teenager grows weak. Third, surfing the Internet without any restriction may turn teenagers into uncivilized, violent or even dangerous people. Many people are not so civilized when they express their opinions in the forums. They swear; they insult people. These will definitely have bad influence on teenagers when they come into contact with such things. Whats more, the movies on the Internet are numorous, and some of them are full of violence. Exposure to such movies will make young people violent. To make things worse, some websites even provide detailed information on how to make bombs! You can imagine what may happen if teenagers happen to click into them. Apart from having negative influence on teenagers themselves, free access to the Internet may put teenagers family members and their friends in danger. Teenagers are too young to be cautious about private information. They may reveal such private information as family address and family wealth when chatting on the Internet. This kind of information may fall into some bad guys hands. And the people related may get into trouble. To conclude, unrestricted access for teenagers to the Internet is problematic. It may lead to a lot of problems: interference with study, poor health, exposure to sex and violence, unintentional revelation of private information. Therefore, I strongly suggest that teenagers access to the Internet should be restricted.Arguments Against EuthanasiaEuthanasia would not only be for people who are terminally ill Euthanasia can become a means of health care cost containment Euthanasia will become non-voluntary Euthanasia is a rejection of the importance and value of human life 1. Euthanasia would not only be for people who are terminally ill. There are two problems here - the definition of terminal and the changes that have already taken place to extend euthanasia to those who arent terminally ill. There are many definitions for the word terminal. For example, when he spoke to the National Press Club in 1992, Jack Kevorkian said that a terminal illness was any disease that curtails life even for a day. The co-founder of the Hemlock Society often refers to terminal old age. Some laws define terminal condition as one from which death will occur in a relatively short time. Others state that terminal means that death is expected within six months or less. Even where a specific life expectancy (like six months) is referred to, medical experts acknowledge that it is virtually impossible to predict the life expectancy of a particular patient. Some people diagnosed as terminally ill dont die for years, if at all, from the diagnosed condition. Increasingly, however, euthanasia activists have dropped references to terminal illness, replacing them with such phrases as hopelessly ill, desperately ill, incurably ill, hopeless condition, and meaningless life. An article in the journal, Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, described assisted suicide guidelines for those with a hopeless condition. Hopeless condition was defined to include terminal illness, severe physical or psychological pain, physical or mental debilitation or deterioration, or a quality of life that is no longer acceptable to the individual. That means just about anybody who has a suicidal impulse . 2. Euthanasia can become a means of health care cost containment.physician-assisted suicide, if it became widespread, could become a profit-enhancing tool for big HMOs. .drugs used in assisted suicide cost only about $40, but that it could take $40,000 to treat a patient properly so that they dont want the choice of assisted suicide. . Wesley J. Smith, senior fellow at the Discovery Institute.Perhaps one of the most important developments in recent years is the increasing emphasis placed on health care providers to contain costs. In such a climate, euthanasia certainly could become a means of cost containment. In the United States, thousands of people have no medical insurance; studies have shown that the poor and minorities generally are not given access to available pain control, and managed-care facilities are offering physicians cash bonuses if they dont provide care for patients. With greater and greater emphasis being placed on managed care, many doctors are at financial risk when they provide treatment for their patients. Legalized euthanasia raises the potential for a profoundly dangerous situation in which doctors could find themselves far better off financially if a seriously ill or disabled person chooses to die rather than receive long-term care. Savings to the government may also become a consideration. This could take place if governments cut back on paying for treatment and care and replace them with the treatment of death. For example, immediately after the passage of Measure 16, Oregons law permitting assisted suicide, Jean Thorne, the states Medicaid Director, announced that physician-assisted suicide would be paid for as comfort care under the Oregon Health Plan which provides medical coverage for about 345,000 poor Oregonians. Within eighteen months of Measure 16s passage, the State of Oregon announced plans to cut back on health care coverage for poor state residents. In Canada, hospital stays are being shortened while, at the same time, funds have not been made available for home care for the sick and elderly. Registered nurses are being replaced with less expensive practical nurses. Patients are forced to endure long waits for many types of needed surgery. 1 3. Euthanasia will only be voluntary, they say Emotional and psychological pressures could become overpowering for depressed or dependent people. If the choice of euthanasia is considered as good as a decision to receive care, many people will feel guilty for not choosing death. Financial considerations, added to the concern about being a burden, could serve as powerful forces that would lead a person to choose euthanasia or assisted suicide. People for euthanasia say that voluntary euthanasia will not lead to involuntary euthanasia. They look at things as simply black and white. In real life there would be millions of situations each year where cases would not fall clearly into either category. Here are two: Example 1: an elderly person in a nursing home, who can barely understand a breakfast menu, is asked to sign a form consenting to be killed. Is this voluntary or involuntary? Will they be protected by the law? How? Right now the overall prohibition on killing stands in the way. Once one signature can sign away a persons life, what can be as strong a protection as the current absolute prohibition on direct killing? Answer: nothing. Example 2: a woman is suffering from depresssion and asks to be helped to commit suicide. One doctor sets up a practice to help such people. She and anyone who wants to die knows he will approve any such request. He does thousands a year for $200 each. How does the law protect people from him? Does it specify that a doctor can only approve 50 requests a year? 100? 150? If you dont think there are such doctors, just look at recent stories of doctors and nurses who are charged with murder for killing dozens or hundreds of patients. Legalized euthanasia would most likely progress to the stage where people, at a certain point, would be expected to volunteer to be killed. Think about this: What if your veternarian said that your ill dog would be better of put out of her misery by being put to sleep and you refused to consent. What would the vet and his assistants think? What would your friends think? Ten years from now, if a doctor told you your mothers quality of life was not worth living for and asked you, as the closest family member, to approve a quick, painless ending of her life and you refused how would doctors, nurses and others, conditioned to accept euthanasia as normal and right, treat you and your mother. Or, what if the approval was sought from your mother, who was depressed by her illness? Would she have the strength to refuse what everyone in the nursing home expected from seriously ill elderly people? The movement from voluntary to involuntary euthanasia would be like the movement of abortion from only for the life or health of the mother as was proclaimed by advocates 30 years ago to todays abortion on demand even if the baby is half born. Euthanasia people state that abortion is something people choose - it is not forced on them and that voluntary euthanasia will not be forced on them either. They are missing the main point - it is not an issue of force - it is an issue of the way laws against an action can be broadened and expanded once something is declared legal. You dont need to be against abortion to appreciate the way the laws on abortion have changed and to see how it could well happen the same way with euthanasia/assisted suicide as soon as the door is opened to make it legal. 4. Euthanasia is a rejection of the importance and value of human life. People who support euthanasia often say that it is already considered permissable to take human life under some circumstances such as self defense - but they miss the point that when one kills for self defense they are saving innocent life - either their own or someone elses. With euthanasia no ones life is being saved - life is only taken. History has taught us the dangers of euthanasia and that is why there are only two countries in the world today where it is legal. That is why almost all societies - even non-religious ones - for thousands of years have made euthanasia a crime. It is remarkable that euthanasia advocates today think they know better than the billions of people throughout history who have outlawed euthanasia - what makes the 50 year old euthanasia supporters in 2005 so wise that they think they can discard the accumulat