主語和謂語保持一致叫主謂一致

主語和謂語保持一致叫主謂一致，即謂語動詞的形式必須隨著主語單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化而變化。 主謂一致原則:1、語法上的一致所謂語法一致原則，即主語和謂語的語法形式在人稱和數(shù)上取得一致。謂語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依據(jù)主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式而定：主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語為單數(shù)或者是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。China belongs to the Third World. 中國屬于第三世界。We are sure he will come. 我們肯定他會來。使用語法一致的情況（1）當(dāng)主語是and，bothand連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)如果主語指的是兩個或兩個以上的人或物，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。My mother and I have seen the film. 我媽媽和我已看過這部電影。Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中國的這個地方既種稻子又種小麥。注意：由and連接的并列主語前面分別有each，every，no修飾時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我國每一個男女孩子都得受教育。No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 師生沒有被邀請參加晚會。（2）主語后面接說明主語的修飾語主語后面接說明主語的修飾語如：with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，謂語動詞不受修飾成分的影響，仍保持同主語一致的關(guān)系。The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老師和兩個學(xué)生參加了會議。The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 這個姑娘和男孩子一道，也學(xué)會了開汽車。A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一個有5000冊書的圖書館作為禮物贈送給了國家。E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.電郵和電話在日常的通信中起著很重要的作用。Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有簡知道這個秘密。All but one were here just now. 剛才除了一個人外都來了。（3）非謂語動詞或從句作主語非謂語動詞 (動詞的-ing形式、不定式)或從句作主語時，謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么時候在什么地方建新工廠還沒定下來。Checking information is very important. 核實(shí)事實(shí)是非常重要的。To learn foreign languages is not easy. 學(xué)習(xí)外語并非易事。When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我們何時開會尚未決定。注意：當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)主語從句或由 and連接兩個動詞不定式或動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)意義一致的原則來決定。What we need here is money我們這里需要的是資金。What we need here are workers我們這里需要的是工人。Lying and stealing are immoral說謊與偷竊是不道德的。（4）each和復(fù)合不定代詞作主語each和some/any/no/every十body/one/thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞：anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something、no one、nobody、nothing、each、the other作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Each is worse than the one before. 一個比一個差。Nobody knows the answer. 沒有一個人知道這答案。Someone wants to see you. 有人想見你。Is there anything in the box?箱子里有什么東西嗎?There is a lot of milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多奶。（5）“many a +單數(shù)名詞”作主語“many a、(很多)/more than one(不只一個)+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Many a student has been to Beijing. 很多學(xué)生去過北京。There is more than one answer to your question. 你的問題不只有一個答案。（6）“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞十定語從句”之前有the等限定詞和修飾語“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞十定語從句”之前有the only，the very，the等限定詞和修飾語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man.湯姆是唯一的一個愿意幫助那個老人的男孩。He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years他是這三年來唯一的一個獲得獎學(xué)金的學(xué)生。注意:如沒有這些限定詞和修飾語，定語從句的謂語動詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tom is one of the boys who are always ready to help others. 湯姆是個隨時愿意幫助別人的男孩。（7）由兩個部分組成的物體名詞作主語英語中有些由兩個部分組成的物體名稱如g1asses(眼鏡)，scissors(剪刀)，shorts(短褲)，shoes(鞋子)，trousers(褲子)等作主語，其后的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His glasses were broken, so he cant see well. 他的眼鏡碎了，因而看不清楚。His trousers are made of cotton. 他的褲子是棉布的。注意:若這類名詞前帶有pair等表示單位的名詞時，則以這些名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定動詞的形式。Two pairs of trousers are missing. 兩條褲子不見了。This pair of shoes is not on sale. 這雙鞋不出售。2、意義上的一致意義上的一致是指謂語動詞與主語的一致取決于主語所表達(dá)的意義。若主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上是單數(shù)，動詞要用單數(shù)；若主語形式上為單數(shù)，而意義上為復(fù)數(shù)，則動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The United States is in North America. 美國在北美洲。The police are looking into the matter. 警察正在調(diào)查此事。使意義上的一致的情況（1）由and連接兩個并列主語其后的謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果兩個單數(shù)名詞指同一個人、同一事物、單一概念時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，有時兩個名詞共用一個冠詞。The worker and writer has written a new novel. 這位工人兼作家寫了一部新小說。(兩個名詞共用一個冠詞)There is a journalist and writer living in America whose name is Alex Haley. 在美國有一個名叫亞利克斯?哈利的記者兼作家。Truth and honesty is always the best policy. 真誠總是上策。注意：用and連接起來的兩個單數(shù)主語，謂語動詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)。Three and five makes /make eight.三加五等于八。Time and tide wait/waits for no man .歲月不等人。（2）形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞（表示國家、城市、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織以及書籍、報紙、雜志等）做主語，通常作為整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The United States is in North America.美國在北美洲。The Arabian Nights is read all over the world.天方夜譚是流傳世界各地的名著。The New York Times has a wide circulation.紐約時報銷路很廣。注意：表示山脈、群島、瀑布等的專有名詞和以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)。The Alps rise over 4 countries.阿爾卑斯山脈跨越了四國。Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls.尼亞加拉瀑布沒有維多利亞瀑布高。The Smiths were also invited.史密斯一家人也受到了邀請。There are 3 Marys and 2 Roberts in my class.我班有三個叫瑪麗、兩個叫羅伯特的學(xué)生。以-ics結(jié)尾表示學(xué)科的名詞做主語，通常表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。這類名詞有：physics, politics, mathematics, economics, athletics, electronics等。Politics is now taught in all schools.現(xiàn)在各學(xué)校都開設(shè)政治課。Economics is a science of the way in which industry and trade produce and use wealth.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是研究工業(yè)、貿(mào)易生財和用財之道。注意：當(dāng)這些動詞表示有關(guān)方面的活動、情況、見解、原理等意思時，謂語動詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What are his politics?他的政見如何？The economics of national growth are of the greatest importance to all modern governments.國家發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的原理對現(xiàn)代各國政府都重要。news，maths，plastics，physics，works，means(方法)，the United States等雖然以-s結(jié)尾，但意義上作為單數(shù)看待?！癗ews of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. 集團(tuán)軍司令說：”隨著我們軍隊的推進(jìn)勝利的消息接踵而至。”Mathematics/Physics is a required subject for us.數(shù)學(xué)/物理是我們必修的科目。Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.所有可能的直至污染的方法都用了，但天空還是不晴朗的。成對的名詞做主語時用單數(shù)形式。Bread and butter is a daily food in the West .面包抹黃油是西方人每天的食品。His gratitude and devotion to the Party is endless.他無限感覺，無限忠于黨?！皁ne and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。One and a half pears is left on the table .一只半梨剩在桌子上。One and a half days is all I can spare.一天半是我所能擠出的全部時間。注意：“one or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。One or two days are enough to see the city.參觀該市一兩天就足夠了。There are one or two things I want to talk over with you .我有一兩件事想跟你商量。（3）有生命的集體名詞作主語有生命的集體名詞 (如people，police，cattle，militia)作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Cattle are also kept. 還養(yǎng)了一些牛。There are many people there. 那里有很多人。The police are looking for the thief. 公安人員在搜尋那個小偷。All the people of the world want peace.全世界人民都渴望和平。注意：family，team，class，government，audience，crew，committee等集體名詞，如果作整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果作個別成員看待，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。people作“民族”解時，作單數(shù)用。Zhangs family is rather big, with twelve people in all.張家很大，一共12口人。The family are sitting at the breakfast table. 這家人正坐在早餐桌旁。My family is a large one. 我家是個大家庭。The class are doing experiment in the lab. 全班同學(xué)正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里做實(shí)驗(yàn)。The class has won the honour. 這個班獲得了榮譽(yù)。The Chinese people is a great people.中華民族是一個偉大的民族。（4） 名詞化的形容詞作主語名詞化的形容詞作主語，按照意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果指一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果指一個人或抽象概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。這類形容詞有：old, young, rich, poor, blind, deaf, dead, sick等。The rich are not always happy. 富人也有不開心的時候。The wounded is a policeman. 受傷者是一名警察。The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 漂亮的不一定就等于好。（5） 表示時間、距離、金錢、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、度量、容量、溫度等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語，通?？醋饕粋€整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Twenty years has passed since we left school. 我們離開學(xué)校已經(jīng)20年了。Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money. 一萬美元是一大筆錢。Two months is quite a long time. 兩個月時間是很長的。Two hours is enough for us to do this experiment.我們做這個實(shí)驗(yàn)兩個小時就夠了。Thirty kilometres is a good distance.30公里是一個相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)的距離。注意：如果說話人側(cè)重一個個的個體，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Twenty years have passed since we parted.自從我們分手以后20年己經(jīng)過去了。（6）“a number of十復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”與“the number of十復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語“a number of十復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示 “一些、許多”的意思，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“the number of十復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示 “的數(shù)目、數(shù)量”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.邀請來的人數(shù)是50，但很多人因不同的原因沒來。A number of books are missing from the library.圖書館丟了許多書。The number of workers in this factory is increasing.這家工廠的工人數(shù)目正在增加。（7）none of和neither of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)代詞作主語none of和neither of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)代詞時，有時作單數(shù)看待，有時作復(fù)數(shù)看待，主要根據(jù)說話人的意思決定。None of them has arrived yet at the settlement. 他們沒有一個到達(dá)新住宅區(qū)。None of them have arrived yet. 他們都還沒到。（8）“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of短語”作主語“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of短語”作主語，這時要以of短語中的名詞是否為復(fù)數(shù)而定。Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass該地區(qū)五分之二的土地為樹木和草所覆蓋。89% of smokers are male. 89%的吸煙者是男性。In the USA, 75% of the grain is used to feed animals. 在美國，75%的谷物用來喂養(yǎng)動物。Two-thirds of the earths surface is sea. 地球表面的2/3是海洋。Two-thirds of the people were against the plan. 2/3的人都反對核計劃。（9）表示部分概念或不定數(shù)量的名詞或代詞作主語表示部分概念或不定數(shù)量的名詞或代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)根據(jù)后接名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。這些名間或代詞有all，any，enough，half，more，most，the rest，part，some等。The rest of the buildings are easy to get to. 其余的建筑物并不難上。The rest of his life was happy. 他的晚年生活很幸福。Most of my time was spent in reading. 我大部分時間用來讀書。Most of the people are aware of it. 大部分人都知道它。Some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 一些糖散落在地上。Some of the apples were spilled on the floor. 一些蘋果散落在地上。（10）兩個主語，一個肯定，一個否定，謂語動詞與肯定主語相一致。The parents, and not the son, were missing.失蹤者不是兒子，而是他的雙親。3、鄰近原則鄰近原則是指謂語動詞要與它最鄰近的名詞或代詞保持人稱與數(shù)的一致。Neither he nor I am a student. 他和我都不是學(xué)生。There is a pen , two chairs and a desk. 有一支鋼筆，兩把椅子和一張桌子。這主要有以下幾種情況。（1）由or，eitheror等連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語由or、eitheror、nor、neithernor、not onlybut also、notbut連接的并列主語，通常按照就近一致原則，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依照靠近它的主語而定。Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.要么你要么校長在會議上對這些天才的學(xué)生頒獎。Neither he nor I have finished the experiment. 他和我都沒有做完試驗(yàn)。Either his friends or his brother is wrong. 不是他的朋友們錯了，就是他哥哥錯了。Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.不僅我而且簡和瑪麗都討厭一個接一個的考試。Not only the teacher but also his students have studied the question. 不僅老師而且他的學(xué)生們都研究了這個問題。（2）在主謂倒裝句時在主謂倒裝句中，主語并列，謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語相一致。由here或there引導(dǎo)的句子，若有并列主語，謂語也與最靠近的那個主語一致。There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. 房間里有一張書桌、一張飯桌和3把椅子。There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房間里有3把椅子、一張書桌和一臺電腦。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在時妻子和孩子呆在哪兒？ 表里不一現(xiàn)象：主謂一致中的表里不一現(xiàn)象和主語必須在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，最基本的原則是：單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)動詞，復(fù)數(shù)主語用復(fù)數(shù)動詞.但在實(shí)際使用當(dāng)中情況比較復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)在學(xué)生常犯的主謂一致錯誤歸納整理如下1,more than one +名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如：More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一個教師得到了花.2,many a +名詞作主語時，從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如：Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多學(xué)生被派去植樹.3,half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)+of 等后接名詞作主語時，謂語動詞形式根據(jù)of后的名詞而定.例如：Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋.4,all指人時，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；all指物時，動詞用單數(shù).例如：All are present and all is going well. 所有人全部到場了，一切進(jìn)展順利5,what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞可視表語而定：表語是單數(shù)名詞時，動詞用單數(shù)，相反，則用復(fù)數(shù).例如：What they want to get are a number of good books.他們想得到的是大量的好書.6,and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞前若用each,every,no修飾，該名詞短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.例如：No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.書包里沒有書和鋼筆.7,當(dāng)主語后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except，逗號加and連接幾個名字等引導(dǎo)的短語時，謂語動詞要與最前面的主語保持一致.例如：My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父親和他的同事曾去過北京.8,each作主語的同位語時，謂語動詞由主語來決定，與each無關(guān).例如：They each have a bike. 他們每人有一輛自行車.9,動詞不定式，動詞-ing形式短語作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如：Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚飯后出去散步是一個好習(xí)慣.10,the following作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致.例如：The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.11,以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù).以-s結(jié)尾的名詞news,works,plastics等同屬此類.例如：Politics is now taught in all schools. 現(xiàn)在各學(xué)校都開設(shè)政治課.當(dāng)以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞表示學(xué)科以外的意義時，用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：mathematics（運(yùn)算能力）politics(政治觀點(diǎn)）economics（經(jīng)濟(jì)意義）等12,有些用來表示由兩個對應(yīng)部分組成一體的名詞復(fù)數(shù)（trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等）作主語時，前面若有一條,一副,一把之類的單位詞，動詞用單數(shù)；若沒有單位詞或單位詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如：The shoes are all right. 這些鞋子都很合適.還有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)：arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minites（記錄）.remains（遺體）.thanks等13,one and a half +名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù).例如：One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一個半蘋果.14,One or two more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如：One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一兩個人到那兒去給他們幫忙.15,one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)；而在the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，the one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù).例如：He is one of the students who get there on time.他是準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)那里的學(xué)生之一.16,表示時間，距離，金錢等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語表達(dá)一個整體概念時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，但若強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，謂語動詞可用復(fù)數(shù).例如：One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百萬美元是一大筆錢. 以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致:英語可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式是在詞尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞并不是可數(shù)名詞。它們用法多樣，造成了實(shí)際使用上的困難，以下詳述了以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題。（一）以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題（二）以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱作主語的主謂一致問題（三）以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱作主語的主謂一致問題（四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題（五）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問題集合名詞的主謂一致原則:集合名詞作主語時，主謂一致關(guān)系是一個較為復(fù)雜的問題.對此類問題我們可以從數(shù)的角度分為四類.1)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)型.凡是有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾變化形式的集合名詞都屬于此類。如：a classclasses; a familyfamilies; a governmentgovernments; an armyarmies; a peoplepeoples; a groupgroups; a crowdcrowds; a crewcrews等。這類集合名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是整體性，即當(dāng)作一個整體或多個整體來看待。屬于這類集合名詞的單數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)?！纠纭緼 big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.每個上午 一大群人經(jīng)常聚集在廣場上The government has decided to pass the bill.政府已決定通過這一法案There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.星期天有大群大群的人在街上。There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.在世界上有許多講英語的人但應(yīng)注意，這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式有時表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以這些集合名詞的單數(shù)形式也可歸為單復(fù)同形型中.2)單數(shù)型.這類集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整體，即把這類人或事物的全部包括在內(nèi)，所以只有單數(shù)形式.如作主語，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。這類名詞常見的有：humanity,mankind,proletariat等.【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific exp