英語(yǔ)人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)u(píng)nit 8 Section A Grammar focus.doc

Section A 3 (Grammar Focus 4a-4c)教學(xué)目標(biāo)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：正確運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成以及過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別Step 1 Warm up Read the following sentences we have seen.Have you read Little Women yet? Yes, I have./ No, I havent. Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? Yes, she has. She thinks its fantastic.Have you decided which book to write about yet?Yes, I have. Ive already finished reading it. It was really good.Step 2 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1. 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 e.g. Have you had your lunch yet? Yes, I have. Ive just had it. (現(xiàn)在我不餓了。)2. 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且可能還要繼續(xù)下去。 e.g. I havent seen her these days. Ive known Bob for three years. Ive been at this school for over two years. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)already, yet, just, ever, never, before構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由“助動(dòng)詞have / has+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的，規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成與過(guò)去式相同，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞則需逐個(gè)記憶。 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的變化和過(guò)去分詞的變化并不完全相同。我們對(duì)它們作了一個(gè)大致的分類(lèi)。 (注：例子中單詞的變化順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞原形 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)一、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的變化相同規(guī)則變化：1. 一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾直接加ed。如：pick picked picked; wish wished wished; stay stayed stayed2. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后面加d。如：like liked liked; hope hoped hoped; phone phoned phoned3. 以“輔音字母 + y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加-ed。如：study studied studied; hurry hurried hurried; reply replied replied4. 詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，要雙寫(xiě)輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stop stopped stopped; clap clapped clapped不規(guī)則變化：5. 以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。如：let let let; put put put; read read read6. 若中間有雙寫(xiě)e，則去掉一個(gè)e，單詞末尾再加t。如：feel felt felt; keep kept kept; sleep slept slept7. 結(jié)尾的字母d變t。如：lend lent lent; build built built; send sent sent8. 變?yōu)橐?ought或-aught結(jié)尾。如：buy bought bought; bring brought brought; catch caught caught; teach taught taught句式1. 肯定句：主語(yǔ) + have / has + 過(guò)去分詞 (+ 其他)2. 否定句：主語(yǔ) + have / has + not + 過(guò)去 分詞(+ 其他)3. 一般疑問(wèn)句：have/ has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞(+ 其他)4. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：1) 特殊疑問(wèn)詞 (不是句子主語(yǔ)) + have / has + 主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞 (+ 其他)2) 特殊疑問(wèn)詞(是句子主語(yǔ))+have / has+過(guò)去分詞(+ 其他)already和yet都可以作為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，但它們的用法不同。already一般用于肯定句中。如：We have already cleaned up our classroom.注意：already用于疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)通常表示驚奇。如：Have you finished your homework already? I cant believe it.yet一般用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。如：Have you seen her yet?The bus hasnt come yet.活學(xué)活用Write the forms of the past tense and past participle: drink _ _ see _ _ find _ _ leave _ _ tell _ _ Why is Mr. Yang still in the teachers office? Maybe he _ his work yet. A. doesnt finish B. hasnt finished C. havent finishedStep 3 Exercises 1. Finish 4a and check the answers. Keys: I have just drunk some tea. Have you found it? He has already left. did he leave She has already seen the film havent told them yet2. Finish 4b and check the answers.Keys: loves, has read, will be, finished, will write, hasnt read3. Finish 4c and check the answers.Make conversations and complete the chart. (Follow the conversation on page 60)Step 4 中考鏈接1. Do you know the movie Lost in Thailand? Yes. I _ it twice. Its funny. A. saw B. see C. have seen D. will see 2