歷年高考試題省略考點(diǎn)重點(diǎn).doc

高考中的省略 省略是英語(yǔ)中尤其是英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中使用非常普遍的一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。采用省略形式是為了避免重復(fù)，使表達(dá)更加簡(jiǎn)潔和明了。在高考英語(yǔ)試題的很多考查點(diǎn)中都出現(xiàn)涉及省略現(xiàn)象的試題，如非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、連詞、從句、情景理解、比較結(jié)構(gòu)等考查題均可以通過省略句的相關(guān)知識(shí)加以解決。下面結(jié)合各年高考試題對(duì)省略考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納和分析：一、語(yǔ)境省略語(yǔ)境省略主要體現(xiàn)在很多情景對(duì)話的考試題目中。語(yǔ)境對(duì)話中的很多答句信息往往是在對(duì)話上文中就出現(xiàn)過的，在答話的一方就沒有必要重復(fù)對(duì)方的信息，但要注意答為所問且邏輯要一致。很多情景類考試題可以通過補(bǔ)全法得到解答。如：【陜西卷】Have you finished your first paper? _. Just half of it. How about you? A. Not at all B. Not likely C. Not a bit D. Not yet 【天津卷】Do you mind my taking this seat? _. A.Yes, sit down pleaseB.No, of course not C.Yes, take it please D.No, you cant take it 二、省略比較結(jié)構(gòu)在上下文含義明了的情況下，有時(shí)可以把一些形容詞和副詞比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的重復(fù)信息省略掉，只保留關(guān)鍵信息。最常見的有省略比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞和副詞或比較對(duì)象。如：【07陜西卷】Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if_, Miss LiuA.not better thanB.not betterC.no better thanD.better【94全國(guó)卷】John plays football _, if not better than, David. A.as wellB.as well asC.so wellD.so well as【90卷】The pianos in the other shop will be_, but_.A. cheaper; not as betterB. more cheap; not as better C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good 三、省略狀語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)從句的省略也成為高考試題中的考查重心，很多狀語(yǔ)從句可以通過省略變成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考查題、連詞考查題、情景對(duì)話考查題等形式，大家解題時(shí)要注意此類省略形式。 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句等從句中，如果從句內(nèi)部的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be+done, be+doing, be+adj , be+prep, be+to do且從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同，或者從句內(nèi)部是it is/was結(jié)構(gòu)，可以把從句內(nèi)的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞be省略，只保留引導(dǎo)詞和從句內(nèi)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。解題時(shí)可以使用補(bǔ)全法進(jìn)行推斷。如：【09湖南卷】Every evening after dinner, if not_from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A. being tiredB. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 【09江西卷】Some of you may have finished unit one. _, you can go on to unit two. A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so 【09全國(guó)卷II】All the dishes in this menu, _otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless 狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式還有一種情況，就是把從句的引導(dǎo)詞、從句主語(yǔ)和從句謂語(yǔ)的助動(dòng)詞be一起省略，這種形式叫“三省法”，通過這種方法省略下來的結(jié)果一般是非謂語(yǔ)形式。又如：【09天津卷】_by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouraged B. EncouragingC. Encouraged D. Having encouraged四、省略定語(yǔ)從句如果定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，且從句為be+done, be+doing, be+adj, be+prep-ph等形式，可以把引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that和定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞be省略，只保留done，doing，adj.短語(yǔ)，prep.短語(yǔ)等形式。如：【97全國(guó)卷】The Olympic Games, _in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing五、省略賓語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)上文中某些信息可能在下文要以賓語(yǔ)形式重現(xiàn)，但為了避免重復(fù)，往往用省略形式。常見的有so型、notso型和not型。即I think/believe/suppose/hope/expect/so, I dont think/ believe/ suppose so, I think/believe/hope/guess/hope not和I am afraid not.如：【08福建卷】 Would you like to join us in the game?_, for I have something important to attend to. A. I will B. Id love to C. I wont D. Im afraid not【04江蘇卷】- You havent lost the ticket, have you? - _. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment.A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so注意：有些賓語(yǔ)從句不是省略整個(gè)從句，而是保留從句引導(dǎo)詞，把其他部分省略。如：【98全國(guó)卷】Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember _.A. where B. there C. which D. that六、省略主句 有時(shí)可以把復(fù)合句中的主句省略，在答句中只保留從句。尤其是含狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)省略主句的現(xiàn)象。如：【09山東卷】Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?_it doesnt rain. A. Until B. While C. Once D. If 【08遼寧卷】My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you?_.A. If you dont mindB. Not at allC. Take it easyD. Nice to meet you七、省略句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ) 在一些特殊情況下，可以根據(jù)上下文把句子中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)及其相關(guān)部分省略，只保留一些關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。尤其是在情景對(duì)話中，此類試題很多。如：【04全國(guó)卷I】Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? _? A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come八、省略主語(yǔ)在某些情況下，句子主語(yǔ)也可以省略，只保留謂語(yǔ)及其后面的成分。這種現(xiàn)象在口語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。如：【06湖北卷】I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. _good. A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds九、省略引導(dǎo)詞賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that和在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom，which，that可以省略。另外，在虛擬條件句中若動(dòng)詞是had done, should do, were, were to do，則可以省略引導(dǎo)詞if，把had，should，were置于句首，形成倒裝。如：【06湖北卷】_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be十、省略不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有些不定式短語(yǔ)在下文重復(fù)時(shí)，要省略動(dòng)詞部分，只保留不定式符號(hào)。但如果被重復(fù)的不定式是to be, to have , to have been,則省略不定式時(shí)，要保留到to be和to have, to have been。如：【08全國(guó)卷I】Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?_, but I promised Nancy to go out with her. A. Id like to B. I like it C. I dont D. I will-Are you a writer?-_A. Yes, but I used to be B. NO, but I used to C. No. but I used to be -Will you join in the game?- Id be glad_I heard someone _in the next room.十一、省略謂語(yǔ)中的主要?jiǎng)釉~在某些對(duì)話中，答話者沒有必要重復(fù)對(duì)方說到的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，直接采用省略形式，保留時(shí)態(tài)中的助動(dòng)詞。如：【07全國(guó)卷II】Tom, you didnt come to the party last night?I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A. had to B. didnt C. was going toD. wouldnt 省略-歷年高考試題1.The computer center,_ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (93全國(guó)卷)A. openB. openingC. having openedD. opened2.The first textbooks_ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (94全國(guó)卷)A. having written B. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written3.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_. (95全國(guó)卷)A. not toB. not to do C. not do itD. do not to 4.Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? Not at all. _.(95全國(guó)卷)A. Ive no timeB. Id rather not C. Id like itD. Id be happy to5.Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. (97全國(guó)卷) A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 6.When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (04全國(guó)卷II)A. introducingB. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced7. Lets go and have a good drink tonight._Have you got the first prize in the competition?( 04重慶卷)A. What for?B. Thanks a lot.C. Yes, Id like to.D. Why not?8.Will you be able to finish your report today?_.(06全國(guó)卷II) A. I like itB. I hope soC. Ill do soD. Id love it9.We all know that, _, the situation will get worse. (07全國(guó)卷I)A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with10.Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.( 07全國(guó)卷II)A. had to B. didnt C. was going toD. wouldnt11.Dont take too much of the medicine; it does you more harm than good if you_.( 07江西卷)A. do B. take C. like D. have12. Do you know Annas telephone number?_. As a matter of fact, I dont know any Anna, either.(08全國(guó)卷II)A. I think so B. Im afraid notC. I hope so D. Id rather not13. Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? Yes, _, Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.(08安徽卷)A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible14.Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order_.(08福建卷)A. as toldB. as are told C. as tellingD. as they told15.【2013福建】 Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested