高考英語短文改錯考點總結之缺詞考點非常有用.doc

高考英語短文改錯考點總結之缺詞考點一、缺一介詞 有些動詞后有時有介詞，有時沒有介詞，可能混淆而缺一介詞。如：attend a meeting, 但 attend (to) the patient; prepare breakfast, 但 prepare (for) the exam; join us, 但 join(in) a game. 表語形容詞通常具有動詞意義，很可能誤以為是動詞而漏掉介詞。如：be afraid (of) nothing, be present (at) the meeting, be sure (about) it。 except, instead of, from, since, till, until 后面可跟另一介詞詞組充當介詞賓語，可能會漏掉第 2 個介詞。如：He came on foot instead of (by) bike.A big bear ran out from (behind) a tree. hundreds, thousands 等后面可能漏掉 of。類似的還有millions (of), dozens (of), scores (of)二、缺一連詞 漢語常用意合法，分句與分句之間往往不用連詞，但英語里不行。如：It began to rain, (and) they had to stop the match. (如果中間用分號可不用連詞)It was late, (so) we went home. You like sports, (while) Id rather read.He looked for the key, (but) didnt find it. 受漢語影響，并列動詞詞組之間可能缺一個and。如：She smiled (and) said good-bye to her father. 名詞性從句 that分句置于句首或作同位語時不可缺少連詞。如： (That) she is beautiful is known to us all.We heard the news (that) our team had won. even 后可能缺少 if 或 though。如：He walks as (if 或 though) he were drunk.三、缺一代詞 充當定語從句主語的關系代詞不能缺少。如：The accident (that) happened yesterday was very serious. 英語中用來替代前面的“the + 名詞”的 that(單數(shù))和 those(復數(shù))，在漢語中往往很可能漏掉。如：The population of China is much larger than (that) of Japan.These shirts are expensive, but (those) which we saw the other day were even more expensive.四、缺一助動詞或連系動詞 be 表語不是名詞時，可能缺少連系動詞 be，因為漢語在這種情況下不用“是”。如：He (is) afraid of his father.The match (is) over. 被動語態(tài)中缺少助動詞 be，成了主動語態(tài)。如：He has (been) asked to sing in English. 完成體中缺少助動詞 have，成了一般過去時。如：We realized that we (had) lost our way.They (have) lived here since 1980. 在倒裝句中缺少助動詞或情態(tài)動詞。如：Hardly (had) I reached the bus stop when the bus started. Seldom (do) I get invited into the office alone. Only in this way (can) you learn English well.五、缺一冠詞 在 such 或 so + 形容詞與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用時，不可缺 a (an)。如：He is such (an) honest boy that all of us like him. This is so good (a) book that I read it again. 表示“有些”時，little, few前面不可缺少 a。如：Dont hurry. There is (a) little time left. many 前有 great, good 時，要加 a。如：(a) great many people.若 many 后接單數(shù)名詞，中間須有 a (an)。如：Many (a) man has tried it before. 一些不可數(shù)名詞前，有形容詞修飾表示“一種(場)等”時，要加 a (an)。如：Its (a) famous Chinese tea. There was (a) heavy rain last night. 用專有名詞表示“一個像(叫)的人”時，用 a (an), 如：He wished to be (a) Lei Feng. (A) Mr Wang called you up just now.“形容詞比較級 + of the two”前必須用 the。如：He is (the) better one of the two.六、缺小品詞 to 不定式充當各種成分，一般都不能缺少 to。如：She went there (to) see her mother.He asked me not (to) go there. I have something important (to) tell you. make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等動詞變成被動語態(tài)時，充當主語補足語的不定式前的 to需還原。如：She was made (to) do heavy work. The blind man was seen (to) cross the street.高考英語考點解析之短文改錯名詞篇一、考點規(guī)律分析短文改錯的名詞考點主要涉及名詞的單復數(shù)問題，即在該用復數(shù)的地方誤用其單數(shù)，或在該用單數(shù)的地方誤用其復數(shù)。二、真題單句歸納(1) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. (waters 改為water，因“水”為物質名詞，不可數(shù)) (1991全國卷)(2) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. (time改為 times，many times 意為“許多次”) (1992全國卷)(3) There are branch library in many villages. (library 改為 libraries，因其前的謂語are為復數(shù)) (1994全國卷)(4) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. (times 改為 time，some time 意為“某時”) (1995全國卷) (5) Today I visited the Smiths my first time visit to an American family. (去掉time，因first 已含有“次”的意思) (1996全國卷)(6) They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. (question 改為 questions，因其前有表示復數(shù)意義的修飾語 lots of) (1996全國卷)(7) We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. (subject 改為 subjects，因 a few 后應接復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞) (1997全國卷)(8) and often watch football match on TV together. (match 改為 matches) (1998全國卷)(9) Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (return改為 returns，many happy returns of the day! 為祝賀生日的慣用表達) (2000北京春季卷) (10) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. (schoolmate 改為 schoolmates，因校友不只一個，另外根據(jù)其后的 all 也可推知) (2001 全國卷)(11) I used to love science class all of them biology, chemistry, geography, physics. (class 改為 classes，指其后提到的所有課程) (2001 北京春季卷)(12) They did not want me to do any work at family. (family 改為 home，因 at home 為固定短語) (2001 全國卷) (13) so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subject 改為 subjects，請注意前面的 all) (2001 全國卷)(14) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (picture 改為 pictures，picture 作為可數(shù)名詞，其前應有限定詞，或為復數(shù)形式) (2002 全國卷)(15) No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. (program 改為 programs，從句意上看，此處應用復數(shù)) (2003 北京春季卷)(16) Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word 改為 words，注意其后的復數(shù)動詞) (2003 全國卷) (from www. YouTHemE.CN)(17) You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.”(month 改為 months，因 several 后要用可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式) (2004 江蘇卷) (18) but after class we become stranger at once.(stranger改為strangers，由本行前面的we可知應該用名詞復數(shù)) (2004 全國卷) (19) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. (minute改為minutes，因為a few后面的名詞一定是復數(shù)) (2004 廣西卷)(20) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby(age改為ages，因談到不止一個人的年齡，age用復數(shù)；of all ages指各個年齡階段的人 (2004 浙江卷)(21) She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when (homeworks改為homework，因它是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復數(shù)形式) (2004 福建卷) (22) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改為knowledge，因 knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復數(shù)形式) (2004 湖北卷)三、模擬單句演練(1) Women live longer than men in most country.(2) The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.(3) Its said that all the ticket have been sold out.(4) The children spend a lot of times watching TV.(5) I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.(6) The flower in the park were all pleasing. (7) As the day went by, she became less anxious. (8) Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country.(9) Its one of the most interesting book that Ive ever read. (10) He made his first time visit to China when he was 18.(11) Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear.(12) He hasnt lived here long, but he has a great many friend here.(13) I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there.(14) Hes getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.(15) Theres a papers factory near our school.參考答案： (1) country 改為 countries，因其前的most 意為“大多數(shù)”。(2) time 改為 times，many times 意為“許多次”。(3) ticket 改為 tickets，因它是可數(shù)名詞，且受 all the 的修飾。(4) times 改為 time，因 time 表示“時間”時不可數(shù)。(5) peoples 改為 people，因 people 表示“人們”，本身是復數(shù)，其后不能再加詞尾-s。（注：復數(shù)的peoples 表示不同的民族）(6) flower 改為 flowers，因為其后的謂語為復數(shù)。(7) day 改為 days，句意為“隨著時間的推移，她變得不那么焦急了”，此處的 day 應用復數(shù)。(8) computer 改為 computers，根據(jù)句意和其后的謂語 are，可知 computer 要用復數(shù)。(9) book 改為 books，因 one of 后表示范圍的名詞要用復數(shù)。(10) 去掉 time，his first visit 即為他第一次訪問，其中已包含“次”的概念。(11) tear 改為 tears，因 tear 為可數(shù)名詞，不要誤認為它是不可數(shù)名詞。(12) friend 改為 friends，因a great many 后要接復數(shù)名詞。(13) family 改為 home，leave for home 意為“動身回家”。(14) furnitures 改為 furniutre，因它是不可數(shù)名詞。(15) papers 改為 paper，表示“紙廠”、“紙花”、“紙飛機”等，直接用 paper 作定語。高考英語短文改錯題的?？贾攸c1. 動詞的非謂語形式非謂語動詞的不定式和分詞形式是歷年高考短文改錯題的考查重點?！究祭縎oon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as (全國卷)【分析】talktalking。enjoy 后一般接動詞的 -ing 形式作賓語。2. 名詞的單復數(shù)變化【考例】Sometimes, we talk to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at (全國卷) 【分析】strangerstrangers。stranger意為“陌生人”，為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句意可知這里應用其復數(shù)形式?！究祭縏heir word were a great encouragement to me. (全國卷)wordwords。根據(jù)句子的謂語動詞為復數(shù)形式 were 可知主語應用復數(shù)。3. 代詞的各種變化【考例】We had to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us. (天津卷)【分析】usourselves。ourselves 意為“我們自己”，符合句意。4. 形容詞各種用法【考例】hobby which is both interested and fun. (浙江卷) 【分析】erested 意為“感興趣的”，interesting 意為“令人感興趣的”，由此可知應用 interesting。5. 詞性的變化【考例】I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (全國卷) 【分析】quietlyquiet。在此 quiet 和 shy 是并列成分，同作賓語補足語。6. 介詞與動詞、形容詞等構成搭配【考例】We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. (福建卷)【分析】onin。have a lot in common 意為“有許多共同之處”，是英語中的習慣用法?！究祭縯he teacher was handing in the tests. I was feeling very nervous. (湖南卷)【分析】inout。hand in 意為“上交”，而 hand out 意為“分發(fā)”。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應用 hand out。7. 冠詞的基本用法由于漢語中沒有與英語冠詞相對應的詞語，學生往往會忽略冠詞?！究祭縄 had not studied at all at the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test. (湖南卷) 【分析】在 easy test 前加 an。test 為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句意和 easy 的讀音以元音開頭可知應加上不定冠詞 an。8. 英語中的一致性現(xiàn)象包括主謂一致、代詞一致、時態(tài)一致等?！究祭縢rowing up. I am always young when I was staying (湖北卷)【分析】wasam。根據(jù)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)可知，從句的謂語動詞也應用現(xiàn)在進行時。9. 英語中的并列現(xiàn)象在表達并列現(xiàn)象時，一般要用相同的語法結構。并列結構常用 and 或 or 連接?！究祭縏hen, I put my book under my desk, opening it and started looking for the answer (湖南卷) 【分析】openingopened。opened 與 put, started 一起構成并列謂語。10. 句意邏輯關系【考例】I had to look up the word many times, for which was quite troublesome. (重慶卷)【分析】去掉 for。這里主要考查非限制性定語從句，which 在此指代前面提到的 the word。11. 句與句之間的并列或從屬關系【考例】Clever as she is, but she works very hard. We have a (福建卷)【分析】去掉 but。Clever as she is=Although she is clever，所以此處要去掉并列連詞 but。高考英語短文改錯多詞考點總結一、多一介詞或副詞 有些動詞在漢語中是不及物動詞，在英語中是及物動詞，可能多一個介詞。如：serve for the people, follow after him, play with her in a match, marry with her, engage with her 有些動詞可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞，但搭配不同，可能混淆而多一個介詞。如：join in the game, 但 join in the club; pay for a TV set, 但 pay for three dollars; search for the map, 但 search for the thief for his watch 有些“動詞 + 介詞”形式的動詞后面沒有賓語時，后面的介詞是多余的。如：He looked at but could see nothing.How are you getting on with? 有些動詞、名詞、形容詞后接名詞或代詞時須加一個介詞，但接that從句時，必須去掉介詞。如：agree to it, 但 agree to that.; be sure of it, 但be sure of that; be sorry for it, 但 be sorry for that 有些副詞或介詞詞組后加一個介詞，組成了復合介詞，若后面沒有接賓語時，最后的介詞則是多余的。如：If you wont go, Ill go instead of.He walked out of. 有些連詞后加 of 成為復合介詞，如果后接從句，of 是多余的。如：Because of he was ill 地點副詞的意義中已經(jīng)包含了介詞 to，如果再用 to則是多余的。如：on my way to there, get to home, go to upstairs, return to home last year, next month, this week, one day等名詞詞組直接充當時間狀語，前面用介詞是多余的。 有些動詞受漢語意思影響而多一副詞，如：stop down(停下來), raise up (舉起來), return back(歸來，回來), repeat again (復述) 有些動詞在一種用法中要加副詞，而在另一種用法中加副詞則是多余的。如：build up our country, 但 build up railways二、多一連詞 狀語從句與主句之間多一并列連詞，如：though but; because so; the more and the more 充當狀語的分詞與主句之間多一并列連詞。如：Sitting down and he began to work.Regarded as the best in the class, so he was praised at the meeting. 從屬連詞后多一 that。如：because that since that, unless that 復合賓語前多一 that。如：I heard that him say it.I found that her lying on the ground.三、多一代詞 主語與謂語之間多一關系代詞。如：Some people dont like football, but many people who do like it. 作定語的分詞前多一關系代詞。如：I know the boy who standing there.(也可在 who 后加 is)The man who invited to the ball last night is my friend.(也可在 who 后加was) 定語從句中的名詞已由關系代詞取代，再用代詞則是多余的。如：She bought the book (that) she had first asked for it.I have seen the girl (whom) you are talking of her. 用不定式作定語時，如果其邏輯賓語或介詞賓語就是被修飾的名詞詞組，后面再用代詞是多余的。如：The tea is too hot to drink it.He is a good comrade to work with him. 在“形容詞 + 不定式”句型中，如果不定式的邏輯賓語或介詞賓語就是句子的主語，再用代詞作賓語或介詞賓語則是多余的。如：This question is too difficult to answer it. The house is nice to live in it. (from www.YouTHemE.CN) 在“連詞 + 分詞 / 名詞 / 形容詞 / 副詞 / 介詞詞組”結構中，加上代詞作主語是多余的。如：He took notes while he reading.If it heated, ice turns to water.四、多一助動詞 時間、條件從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時，用 will, would 是多余的。如：If he will try hard, he will succeed.Ill tell them about it as soon as they will come. be sure 或 make sure + that 從句