高一英語連詞.doc

連詞 （一）連詞的定義 用來連接詞、短語、從句與句子的詞叫連詞。連詞是一種虛詞，在句中不重讀，不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分。根據(jù)在句中所起的作用，連詞可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩類： （二）并列連詞 連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或句子的連詞叫并列連詞。根據(jù)其意義，并列連詞又可分為表示聯(lián)合、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇和因果四種關(guān)系的連詞。 1表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的并列連詞 表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的并列連詞有：and（和），both. and.（既又 ) , neither. nor.（既不也不），not only. but also.（不但而且. ) , as well as（除外也）。 They can both read English and speak it well.他們能讀英語而且說得很好。 Neither you nor he is wrong你和他都沒有錯(cuò)。He not only had read the book but also remembered what he had read.他不僅記得讀了那本書，而且還記得讀過的內(nèi)容。 1 am a teacher and he is a doctor我是老師，他是醫(yī)生。He has experience as well as knowledge.（He has not only knowledge but also experience.）他既有知識(shí)，又有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 Neither I nor he has seen the film. 我沒看過這部電影，他也沒看過 2表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有：but（可是，但是），while(而，然而），still（但是，然而），yet（可是），however（然而，但是），whereas（而），nevertheless（然而，不過）。 I am willing, yet unable我心有余而力不足。 He is short，while his brother is tall.他個(gè)子矮，而他兄弟個(gè)子高 He worked hard, however, he failed他很努力，然而還是失敗了。( however可置句首、句中或句末） The pain was bad，still he did not complain.他痛得厲害，可是他并沒有呻吟 3表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞 表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞有：or（或），or else（否則），otherwise（要不然），either. . . or.（或，或，不是就是. ) , rather than（而不，也不） I must work hard，or Ill fail in the exam.我得認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)，否則不能通過考試。 Either you or I am to blame不是你就是我會(huì)受到批評(píng) You can either do it by yourself,or you can ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做，也可以請(qǐng)人做。Seize the chance, otherwise( or else) youll regret it抓住機(jī)會(huì)，否則你會(huì)后悔的。( otherwise, or else常接在祈使句后面） You can either stay at home or go fishing.你可以呆在家里，或是去釣魚： He went rather than stay as an unwelcome guest.他走了，不愿留下來做個(gè)不受歡迎的客人。 4表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞 表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有：so(所以）,for（因?yàn)椋?It is moming,for the birds are singing是早晨了，因?yàn)轼B叫了。It was late, so I went home天色已晚，因此我就回家了。注意then（那么，因而）,thus（因而），hence（因此），therefore（因此，所以）等副詞?？煞啪涫妆硎疽蚬P(guān)系He was busy,therefore he could not come他忙，因此不能來。 He studied hard，thus he got a full mark.他很用功，因而得了滿分、 His car broke down，thus he was late for work.他的車壞了，因此他上班遲到。 It is winter now，hence the days will be shorter.現(xiàn)在是冬天，因此白天會(huì)短些。 （三）從屬連詞用來連接主句和從句的連詞叫從屬連詞從屬連詞可分為兩類：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞和引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞1引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞有連接詞that, whether和if，這些連接詞在句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分；連接代詞主要有who, whom, whose, which, what等，它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z、賓語、定語等；連接副詞主要有when, where, how, why等，它們?cè)诰渲锌勺鳡钫Z（詳情見名詞性從句）。 We know( that）the earth goes round the sun.我們知道地球圍繞太陽運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)（賓語從句） What we need is more time.我們需要的是更多的時(shí)間。（主語從句） Thats what I want那就是我想要的。（表語從句） The news that our team had won was very exciting.我們隊(duì)贏了，這消息十分令人振奮。（同位語從句） 2引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞 (1）引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞： when(當(dāng)時(shí)），while（在期間），as（當(dāng)時(shí)，一邊一邊），after（在之后），before（在之前），since（自從以來），till/until（直到，直到才），once（一旦. ) , as soon as（一.就. ) , the moment/instant（一就），no sooner. than（剛就），hardly. when（剛就）等 Once you begin，you must go on.一旦你開了頭，你就必須繼續(xù)下去 When it rains，I go to school by bus.下雨時(shí)，我坐公共汽車上學(xué)。 (2)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞： as（由于）,because（因?yàn)椋瑂ince（既然）等。 He didnt go to school because he was ill他因?yàn)樯]去上學(xué)。 Since everybody is here，lets begin. 既然大家都在這里、我們就開始吧 (3）引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞： where（在地方），wherever（無論在哪里）等。 Wherever she may be，she will be happy.她無論在什么地方都快樂 Where there is a will, there is a way有志者，事竟成。 (4）引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞： if（如果），unless（除非），so/as long as（只要）等 He will not come unless he is invited.除非被邀請(qǐng)，否則他是不會(huì)來的。 Youll be late for the class if you dont hurrv.如果你不快點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)上課遲到。 (5）引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞： that（以便），so that（為了），in order that（為了）,lest（以防，免得）,in case（以防，免得）等、 She took medicine on time in order that she might get well soon為了快點(diǎn)康復(fù)，她按時(shí)吃藥。 I came here that I might take a good look at the new bridge. 我來這兒，為的是好好看看這座新橋 (6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞： so（結(jié)果），so that（結(jié)果）,so. that/such. that（如此以致），that（以致）等 It was very cold，so that the water in the bowl froze.天氣很冷，碗里的水都結(jié)冰了 He is such a good student that we all like him.他是個(gè)好學(xué)生，我們都喜歡他： (7)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞： though/although（雖然），as（雖然）,even if/even though（即使）,however（無論怎樣），whatever（無論什么），whoever（無論誰），no matter how/what/which/.（無論多么什么哪一個(gè)）等。 Even if you were here yesterday，you couldnt help him, 即使昨天你在這，你也幫不了他 Though he is old，he still works hard.雖然他老了，可是他還努力工作。 (8）引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞： as（正如），as if/as though（好像，似乎）等 He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.他講起英語來就像是英國人似的 Use a book as a bee does a flower.像蜜蜂利用花一樣去利用書籍吧： (9）引導(dǎo)比較狀語伏句的從屬連詞： as（如. ) , as. as. . .（像一樣），not so. as（與不一樣）,than（比）等 He works harder than before他比以前更努力工作。 His elder sister is as tall as his mother.他姐姐和他母親一樣高（四）部分連詞的用法比較 1when和while 兩個(gè)詞都可以表示“當(dāng)時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是終止性的；while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的。 My brother came in when/while I had dinner.我弟弟進(jìn)來時(shí)我在吃飯 The train had just started when we arrived at the station.我們剛到火車站火車就走了 He was doing his homework when I came in.（當(dāng)）我進(jìn)來時(shí)，他正在做家庭作業(yè) I came in when/while he was doing his homework.當(dāng)他在做家庭作業(yè)時(shí)，我走了進(jìn)來 While/When I was in the town，I saw him twice.（當(dāng)）我在城里時(shí)，見過他兩次Strike while the iron is hot趁熱打鐵。 when還可譯作這時(shí)while還可譯作“而” He was playing football outside when it began to rain. 他在外面踢足球，這時(shí)開始下起雨來。 He is tall while his elder brother is short.他個(gè)子高，而他哥哥個(gè)子矮2. because，since.和as because引導(dǎo)的從句通常表示說話人認(rèn)為聽話人不知道的原因或理由，從句往往是整個(gè)主從復(fù)合句的重心。 He was annoyed because he missed the bus. 他感到為難是因?yàn)樗麤]有趕上那班車 since和as表示原因時(shí)，往往表示人們顯然已知的理由或原因；因此，側(cè)重點(diǎn)是主句的內(nèi)容，原因只作附帶說明。在語氣上，becausc最強(qiáng)，since次之（在意義上相當(dāng)于漢語中的“既然”),as最弱 Since his method doesnt work，lets try yours. 既然他的方法不起作用，我們就試一試你的。 As she was in a bad mood，we left her alone. 由于她心情不好，我們不去打擾她了。 He is absent frorn school because he is ill. 因?yàn)樗?，所以他沒來上課 Because/As it was wet，we went there by bus. 因?yàn)橄掠辏晕覀兂塑嚾ツ莾骸?Since everybody is here，lets begin. 既然大家都到了，我們就開始吧。3.if和unless 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞，主要是if和unless,由if條件狀語從句可以是真實(shí)的條件句，也可以非真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句所表示的條件指的是事實(shí)，即可以是實(shí)現(xiàn)的事，非真實(shí)條件句指的是與事實(shí)相反或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事 If it rains, the match will be cancelled（取消） 如果天下雨，比賽將被取消 If I were you, l should consult（請(qǐng)看?。゛ doctor. 我要是你，我就去看醫(yī)生 If I had tried hard last term，I would have succeeded. 如果上學(xué)期我努力的話，我現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)成功了unless在意義上相當(dāng)于if. not You will fail unless you work harder. 除非你努力，否則你不會(huì)成功。Do not come unless I call you. 我沒叫你，你就不用來。4. though和as 兩個(gè)詞都可表示“雖然”、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句though引導(dǎo)的從句用正常語序；as引導(dǎo)的從句要用倒裝語序，即把從句中的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形放在as之前。 Cold as it was，he went on working.Though it was cold，he went on working. 盡管天氣冷，可他仍繼續(xù)工作 Child as he is，he knows a lot.Though he is a child，he knows a lot. 雖然他還是個(gè)孩子，可是他很懂事Fast as you read，you cant finish the book in three days.Though you read fast，you cant finish the book in three days. 盡管你讀得快，你也不能在三天內(nèi)讀完這本書、： Try as he might，he couldnt get rid of the difficulty. Though he might try，he couldnt get rid of the difficulty. 不管怎樣努力，他還是擺脫不了困難。5 .if和whether (1)表示“是否”時(shí)，兩個(gè)詞都能引導(dǎo)賓語從句 I wonder if/whether you can examine him now. 不知你現(xiàn)在是否可以給他檢查一下。注意如果主句的謂語是短語動(dòng)詞用whether,而不用if. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切都取決于我們是否有足夠的錢。 某些動(dòng)詞（如discuss）后的賓語從句，用whether而不用if來引導(dǎo)。 They discussed whether they should help her. 他們商議他們?cè)摬辉搸椭?賓語從句移置句首時(shí)，用whether，而不用if Whether it is true or not, I cant say這是不是真的，我不敢說。 賓語從句為否定形式時(shí)，通常用if, 而不用whether。 I asked her if he wouldnt come我問她他是不是會(huì)來。(2) if可譯作“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句 If I were you, I would not go如果我是你，我就不去。(3) whether可譯作“不管，無論”，引導(dǎo)讓一步狀語從句 Whether he agrees or not，I shall do that. 不管他同意與否我都要做這事。（4) whether可以引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，接不定式或接or not等（if則不能） Whether he will come or not is unknown. 還不知道他來不來。（主語從句） The question is whether it is worth doing. 問題是這件事是否值得去做 I have no idea whether he is there. 我不知道他是否在那里（同位語從句） I dont know whether he will do it or not. 我不知道他是否會(huì)做這事。（接or not) She hasnt decided whether to go or not，她還沒有決定去還是不去。（接不定式）練習(xí) 連詞1 .He is very old,_ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C.when D.as2. _ you are dismissed.A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and3. They had camped once before, _ they knew what to take.A. because B. now C. so D. since4. Why these things happened was _ the driver had been careless. A. because of B. owing toC. due to D. that5. Although, its raining, _are still working in the fields.A. they B. but they C. and theyD. so they6._we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now.7. Write clearly _ your teacher can understand .you correctly.A. since B. for C. becauseD. so that8.Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.A. unless B. as C. if D. until9. Francis did the task_ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as10.The size of the audience,_ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.A. as B. what C. that D. whom11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,_ he still watches the program.A. yet B. besides C. also D. then12. It looks _ its going to rain.A. that B. as C. as if D. like that13._ to New York, her father has not heard from her.A. Because she went B. After she wentC. When she went D. Since she went14._he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky.A. Until B. Since C. While D. During15. We arrived at the station _ the train had left.A. after B. before C. since D. when16._ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.A. But B. Although C. Even if D. If17. Give me one more minute _ Ill have finished.A. so B. until C. and D. when18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,_ he could not find any work.A. and B. yet C. or D. and but19. Hurry up, _ youll be late.A. or B. and C. so D. yet20. Do not make the same mistake _ I did.A. so B. as C. like D. that21. My sister is expecting me,_ I must be off now. A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise22. We should pay attention _ to industry _ to agriculture.A. either, or B. neither, nor C. not, but D. both, and23. He ran off_ I could stop him.A. before B. after C. since D. when24._ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since25. Where have you been _ you left home?A. before B. as C. since D. when 26._ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.A. UntilB. SinceC. AfterD. Unless27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year_ we did last year.A. as B. than C. like D. white28.It is late; _, Im too tired to go out.A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that29. Everything around us is _ solid .liquid _ gas.A. not . .but. B. either. .or.C. neither. .nor. D. whether. .or.30. He will come _ you ask him.A. whether B. unless C. if D. while31._ he will come or not is still unknown.A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether32.I don t know _ to stay at home or go out. A. whether B. if C. how D. where33. He spoke loudly _ the audience could hear him clearly.A. so B. that C. so that D. in order to34. The book is not easy._ its rather difficult.A. On the one hand B. On the contrary C. On the other hand D. On the other contrary35. You must work hard,_ you will not learn English well.A. if B. whether C. otherwise D. unless36. It rained heavily,_ the basketball match had to be put off.A. so that B. when C. otherwise D. therefore37. We must do _ the people want us to do.A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever38. You are certainly right,_ others may say.A. what B. whatever C. that D. as39._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever40.Ill discuss it with you _ you like to come. A. when B. where C. whoever D. whenever41._ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Where D. When42._you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. A. Once B. At once C. Only D. Only then43._ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.A. No matter how B. No matter what C. No matter when D. No matter where44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,_ we are closely united.A. so far as B. so long as C. as soon as D. as well as45._ I know he will stay here for half a year.A. as soon as B. as long as C. so far as D. as well as46. Please write me _ you arrive in New York.A. as well as B. so long as C. as far as D. as soon as47. That is not _ I want.A. that B. why C. what D. whose48. _ he did it remains a secret.A. What B. Whom C. Which D. How49. It is quite clear _ he wont see us.A. what B. that C. why D. how50. Would you tell me _ way I should take? A. what B. that C. which D. whose51. I am sure _ you said is true.A. what B. that C. which D. who52. The trouble is _ we can not find such an expert.A. why B. that C. where D. /53. It has not been decided _ they will leave.A. why B. when C. which D. what54. We shall go _ you are ready. A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since55. He will tell you about it _ you get there.A. while B. as C. when D. /56. Dont try to get off the bus _ it has stopped.A. while B. as C. since D. before57. Ill come and see you _ I go to the countryside.A. wh