有機(jī)化學(xué)中英文對(duì)照表.doc

有機(jī)化學(xué)中英文對(duì)照表有機(jī)化學(xué)可以直接下載WORD版本英文名 漢文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亞烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型的Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 芐基Benzylic 芐型的Activating group 活化基團(tuán)Chromophore 生色團(tuán)Auxochrome 助色團(tuán)Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向異性基團(tuán)Smally ring 小環(huán)Common ring 普通環(huán)Medium rimg 中環(huán)Large ring 大環(huán)Bridged-ring system 橋環(huán)體系Spiro compound 螺環(huán)化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面體化合物Conjugation 共軛Conjugated-system 共軛體系A(chǔ)cyl cation ?；x子Benzylic cation 芐基正離子Arenirm ion 芳基正離子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基離子Radical cation 自由基正離子Radical anion 自由基負(fù)離子Isomerism 異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循變結(jié)構(gòu)Stereochemistry 立體化學(xué)Optical activity 光學(xué)活性Dextro isomer 右旋異構(gòu)體Laevo isomer 左旋異構(gòu)體Tetrahedral configuration 四面體構(gòu)型Stereoisomerism 立體異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象Asymmetric atom 不對(duì)稱原子Asymmetric carbon 不對(duì)稱碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不對(duì)稱碳Phantom atom 虛擬原子Homotopic 等位的Heterotopic 異位的Enantiotopic 對(duì)映異位的Diastereotopic 非對(duì)映異位的Configuration 構(gòu)型Absolute configuration 絕對(duì)構(gòu)型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性的Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性的Fischer projection 費(fèi)歇爾投影式Neoman projection 紐曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名體系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名體系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 順序規(guī)則Symmetry factor 對(duì)稱因素Plane of symmetry 對(duì)稱面Mirror symmetry 鏡面對(duì)稱Enantiomer 對(duì)映異構(gòu)體Diastereomer 非對(duì)映異構(gòu)體Epimer 差向異構(gòu)體Anomer 端基差向異構(gòu)體Erythro configuration 赤型構(gòu)型Erythro isomer 赤型異構(gòu)體Threo configuration 蘇型構(gòu)型Threo isomer 蘇型異構(gòu)體Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 順反異構(gòu)E isomer E異構(gòu)體Z isomer Z異構(gòu)體Endo isomer 內(nèi)型異構(gòu)體Exo isomer 外型異構(gòu)體Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基團(tuán)Pro-S proup 前S基團(tuán)Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固體溶液Meso compound 內(nèi)消旋化合物Quasi recemate 準(zhǔn)外消旋體Conformation 構(gòu)象Conformational 構(gòu)象分析Torsion angle 扭轉(zhuǎn)角Rotamer 旋轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Anti conformation 反式構(gòu)象Bisecting conformation 等分構(gòu)象Anti periplanar conformation 反疊構(gòu)象Synperiplanar conformation 順疊構(gòu)象Synclinal conformation 反錯(cuò)構(gòu)象Synclinal conformation 順錯(cuò)構(gòu)象Eclipsed conformation 重疊構(gòu)象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 鄰位交叉構(gòu)象Staggered conformation 對(duì)位交叉構(gòu)象Steric effect 空間效應(yīng)Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Puckered ring 折疊環(huán)Conformational inversion 構(gòu)象反轉(zhuǎn)Chair conformation 椅型構(gòu)象Boat conformation 船型構(gòu)象Twist conformation 扭型構(gòu)象Skew boat conformation 扭船型構(gòu)象Half-chair conformation 半椅型構(gòu)象Pseudorotation 假旋轉(zhuǎn)Envelope conformation 信封型構(gòu)象Axial bond 直立鍵Equatorial bond 平伏鍵Cisoid conformation 順向構(gòu)象Transoid conformation 反向構(gòu)象Retention of configuration 構(gòu)型保持Regioselectivity 區(qū)域選擇性Regiospecificity 區(qū)域?qū)Ｒ恍許tereocelectivity 立體選擇性Stereospecificty 立體專一性Conformer 構(gòu)象異構(gòu)體Conformational effect 構(gòu)象效應(yīng)Crams rube 克拉姆規(guī)則Prelogrule 普雷洛格規(guī)則Stereochemical orientation 立體化學(xué)取向Conformational transmission 構(gòu)象傳遞Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 鄰位Meta position 間位Para position 對(duì)位Amphi position 遠(yuǎn)位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角雜化Molecular orbiral method 分子軌道法Valence bond method 價(jià)鍵法Delocalezed bond 離域鍵Cross conjugation 交叉共軛Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效應(yīng)Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效應(yīng)Hyperconjugation 超共軛Isovalent hyperconjugation 等價(jià)超共軛No-bond resonance 無鍵共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckelrule 休克爾規(guī)則Paramagnetic ring current 順磁環(huán)電流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁環(huán)電流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烴Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周環(huán)反應(yīng)Electrocyclic rearrangement 電環(huán)化重排Conrotatory 順旋Disroatatory 對(duì)旋Cycloaddition 環(huán)加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 對(duì)稱禁阻反應(yīng)Synfacial reaction 同面反應(yīng)Antarafacial reaction 異面反應(yīng)Mobius system 默比烏斯體系Leois structure 路易斯結(jié)構(gòu)Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共價(jià)鍵Banana bond 香蕉鍵Pauling electronegativity scale 鮑林電負(fù)性標(biāo)度Polarizability 可極化性Inductive effect 誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)Field effect 場(chǎng)效應(yīng)Electrical effect 電場(chǎng)效應(yīng)tautomerism 互變異構(gòu)Tautomerization 互變異構(gòu)化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互變異構(gòu)Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互變異構(gòu)Imine-enamine atutomerism 亞胺-烯胺互變異構(gòu)Ring-chain tautomerism 環(huán)-鏈互變異構(gòu)Valence tautomerism 價(jià)互變異構(gòu)Ambident 兩可的Solvent effect 溶劑效應(yīng)Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶劑Basic solvent 堿性溶劑Dielectric constant 介電常數(shù)Solvated electron 溶劑化電子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸堿催化反應(yīng)Conjugate base 共軛酸Conjugate base 共軛堿Therm odynamic acidity 熱力學(xué)酸度Kinetic acidity 動(dòng)力學(xué)酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 電子給體受體絡(luò)合物Host 主體Guest 客體Primary isotope effect 一級(jí)同位素效應(yīng)Secondary isotope effect 二級(jí)同位數(shù)效應(yīng)Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效應(yīng)Kinetic control 動(dòng)力學(xué)控制Thermodynamic control 熱力學(xué)控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中間體Reactive intermediate 活潑中間體Microscopic reversibility 微觀可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假說Linear free energy 線性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非鍵相互作用Torsional effect 扭轉(zhuǎn)效應(yīng)Pitzer strain 皮策張力Restricted rotation 阻礙旋轉(zhuǎn)Eclipsing effect 重疊效應(yīng)Eclipsing strain 重疊張力Small-angle strain 小角張力Large angle strain 大角張力Transannular interaction 跨環(huán)相互作用Transannular strain 跨環(huán)張力I strain 內(nèi)張力F strain 前張力B strain 后張力Anomeric effect 端基異構(gòu)效應(yīng)Walden inversion 瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反轉(zhuǎn)Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 純手性的Mechanism 機(jī)理Unimolecular nucleophilic 單分子親核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 雙分子親核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 雙分子親核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子內(nèi)親核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香親核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 單分子親電取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 雙分子親電取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 親核體協(xié)助單分子親電取代Unimolecular elimination 單分子消除Bimolecular elimination 雙分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 單分子共軛堿消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 雙分子共軛堿消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 雙分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 雙分子堿催化烷氧斷裂-allyl complex mechanism 烯丙型絡(luò)合機(jī)理Borderline mechanism 邊理機(jī)理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 異裂Heterolytic michanism 異裂機(jī)理Counrergegenion 反荷離子Ion pair 離子對(duì)Carbocation 碳正離子Nonclassical carbocation 非經(jīng)典碳正離子Carbanion 碳負(fù)離子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳負(fù)離子Carbenoid 卡賓體Carbene 卡賓Nitrene 氮賓Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 親電加成Electrophile 親電體Diaxial addition 雙直鍵加成Markovnikovs rube 馬爾科夫尼科規(guī)則Anti-Markovnikov addition 反馬氏加成Michael addition 邁克爾加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 親電取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除機(jī)理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 親電芳香取代Electron transfer 電子轉(zhuǎn)移Electron-donating group 給電子基團(tuán)Electron-Withdrawing group 吸電子基團(tuán)Deactivating group 鈍化基團(tuán)Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 鄰對(duì)位定位基Meta directing group 間位定位基Ortho effect 鄰位效應(yīng)Partial rate factor 分速度系數(shù)Nucleophilic reaction 親核反應(yīng)Internal return 內(nèi)返Nucleophilicity 親核體Nucleophilicity 親核性-effect -效應(yīng)Backside attack 背面進(jìn)攻Inversion 反轉(zhuǎn)Umbrella effect 傘效應(yīng)Push-pull effect 推拉效應(yīng)Leaving group 離去基團(tuán)Electrofuge 離電體Nucleofuge 離核體Phase-transfer catalysis 相轉(zhuǎn)移催化Neighboring group participation 鄰基基參與Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 鄰助作用Neighboring group effect 鄰基效應(yīng)Apofacial reaction 反面反應(yīng)Briddgehead displacement 橋頭取代Aryl action 芳正離子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫規(guī)則Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmanns反應(yīng)Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷基化Exhaustive methylation 徹底甲基化Seco alkylation 斷裂烷基化Demethylation 脫甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲?；疌arbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 雙氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交換Hydroxylation 羥基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脫羧鹵化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型鹵化Dehalogenation 脫鹵Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脫羧硝化Nitrosation 亞硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脫磺酸基Sulfenylation 亞磺?；疭ulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亞磺?；疌hlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基轉(zhuǎn)移Coupling reaction 偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)Diazonium coupling 重氮偶聯(lián)Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)1,4-addition 1，4-加成Conjugate addition 共軛加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氫化Oxyamination 羥氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氫甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氫?；疧xo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脫羰Hydrocarboxylation 氫羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脫氰乙基Ring clsure 環(huán)合Diene synthesis 雙烯合成Dienophile 親雙烯體Endo addition 內(nèi)型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第爾斯-爾德反應(yīng)Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第爾斯-阿爾德反應(yīng)Ene synthesis 單烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 負(fù)離子環(huán)加成Dipolar addition 偶極加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脫鹵化氫Deamination 脫氨基Pyrolytic elimination 熱解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脫羧Decarboxamidation 脫酰胺Decyanation 脫氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage ?；呀釬lash pyrolysis 閃熱裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯鍵反應(yīng)Chelation 螯環(huán)化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交換Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羥甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羥烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 鹵烷基化Transacetalation 縮醛交換Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 鹵仿反應(yīng)Condensation 縮合Aldol condensation 羥醛縮合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羥醛縮合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羥醛縮合Acyloin condensation 偶姻縮合Cyclization 環(huán)化Annulation,annelation 增環(huán)反應(yīng)Spiroannulation 螺增環(huán)Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氫過氧化Epoxidation 環(huán)氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 電化學(xué)氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脫羧Aromatization 芳構(gòu)化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氫化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氫化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氫化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脫氫Transfer hydrogenation 轉(zhuǎn)移氫化Hydrogenolysis 氫解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金屬還原Single electron transfer 單電子轉(zhuǎn)移Bimolecular reduction 雙分子還原Electrochemical reduction 電化學(xué)還原Reductive alkylation 還原烷基化Reductive acylation 還原?；疪eductive dimerization 還原二聚Deoxygenation 脫氧Desulfurization 脫硫Deselenization 脫硒Mitallation 金屬化Lithiation 鋰化Hydrometallation 氫金屬化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羥汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 奪取反應(yīng)Internal abstraction 內(nèi)奪取反應(yīng)Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 質(zhì)了轉(zhuǎn)移重排Double bond migration 雙鍵移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型遷移Ring contraction 環(huán)縮小反應(yīng)Ring expansion,ring enlargement 擴(kuò)環(huán)反應(yīng)-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 頻哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆頻哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半頻哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement ?；嘏臡igratory aptitude 遷移傾向Transannular insertion 跨環(huán)插入Transannular rearrangement 跨環(huán)重排Migration 遷移Prototropy 質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移Cationotropic rearrangement 正離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排Anionotropy 負(fù)離子轉(zhuǎn)移Anionotropic rearrangement 負(fù)離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -遷移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同遷移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 親電重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻躍遷photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光異構(gòu)化Photochemical rearrangement 光化學(xué)重排24 有機(jī)化合物類名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳?xì)浠衔顰lkane 烷Wax 蠟Paraffin wax 石蠟Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活潑氫化合物Carbon acid 碳?xì)渌酳uper acid 超酸Diene 雙烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累積多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 鹵代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 環(huán)氧化物Cellosolve 溶纖劑Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季銨化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亞砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehy