A3 Report Writing Toyota’s preferred ofA3報(bào)告寫作豐田的首選方法.ppt

4 19 05 1 a3reportwriting toyota spreferredmethodofwrittencommunication copiedfromthetoyotaauburnhillstrainingpackage fordelphiuseonly delphicourse 62004527 4 19 05 2 a3reportwritingagenda introductionshistoryoftoyotaobjectivesmodule1 toyotaprinciples characteristicsmodule2 a3 a4 typesmodule3 standardelementscreatingana3wrap up review 4 19 05 3 toyotahistory sakichitoyodainventsanautomaticloom 1894 sakichitoyodadecidestoenterthecarmarket 1920 s kiichirotoyodadevisesthejust in timesystemofproductionchangenametotoyota 1936 taiichiohnotransferredfromtoyodaspinning weavingtothetoyotamotorcompanyfirstcarsshippedtousin1957secondbestsellingnameplateinus 1970 begantruckbedfabricationandvehicleassembly mid70s nummivehiclemanufacturing 1986 todaytoyotaisoneofthe10largestcompaniesintheworld 4 19 05 4 objectives understandimportanceofa3reportingstandardlearnthe4basictypesofa3reportslearntheelementsofeachtypeofreportstudythelayoutandformatsofa3spracticedevelopingandwritingana3 4 19 05 5 module1 toyotaprinciples practicalproblemsolving pdca 4 19 05 6 module1 toyotaprinciplesbenefitsofusingthea3format 1 kaizenclarifiesthegoalshowsthestandardanddeviationforcesaddressingallissuesoutlinesnewgoalandmethodtoreachit2 front linedecisionmakinggraspthesituationshowsfacts datashowsdecisionprocessshowsoptions 4 19 05 7 toyotaprinciplesbenefitsofusingthea3format cont 3 costconsciousnessshowscostanalysisshowsalternativessupportscostjustification ringi sho 4 processmanagementa 3isastoryaboutthelogicalthinkingprocessa 3shows graspthesituation helpsmanagementunderstandprocessusedestablishesvitalpoints 4 19 05 8 5 managementbasedonphilosophyrelatestopictocompany divisional annualgoalsmakesusask whydothis 6 toyotaassociatedevelopment respectforthevalueofpeople teachesthinkingprocessfosters2 waycommunicationtoolforconstructiveapproachtoneededcountermeasures improvements depersonalizeissuesaidsinobjectiveevaluationofassociates informationhandlingskillsandlogic toyotaprinciplesbenefitsofusingthea3format cont 4 19 05 9 toyotaprinciplesbenefitsofusingthea3format cont 7 teamwork communicationstandardformfacilitatescommunicationallcanunderstandallhavesameinformationsimple brief clearcanbedonecollectivelyallows 3 d communication manager teammember inside outside future past 4 19 05 10 whatisnemawashi todigaroundtherootofatreetopreparefortransplanting 4 19 05 11 nemawashimodel determinetheneedestablishrapportassess grasppresentsituation getinfo offeraproposal giveinfo negotiateagreement nextactions merge checkforconsensus 4 19 05 12 background problemsolvingformatsurfacedintheearly1960 safterdeming svisitutilizedwithinq c circlesforshopproblems supportstps a 3useevolvedintoyotamanagementduring1970swithdirectfocusonreaderunderstanding 4 19 05 13 toyotacharacteristicsreflectscompany svision image operatingprinciples statedphilosophy underlyingbeliefs values assumptions groundlevel 4 19 05 14 initialproblemperception large vague complicatedproblem clarifytheproblem the real problem lookforcausetrackback gosee rootcause directcausecausecausecausecause why why why why why why graspthesituation causeinvestigation basiccause effectinvestigation investigationtorootcause countermeasure 4 19 05 15 changesintheenvironment newcompanygoals needs graspthesituation rootcause 4 19 05 16 planidentifysituationanalyzesituation dorecommendcountermeasuresimplementation checkfollow up actionstandardizeorstartagain therelationshipbetweenprocessandproposal situation target countermeasures implementation follow up theme analysis 4 19 05 17 reflection module1 quickquiz anyquestions 4 19 05 18 quickquiz module1 1 whataretoyota s operatingprinciples statedphilosophies underlyingbeliefs values assumptions 4 19 05 19 quickquiz module1 2 listthe5stepsofpracticalproblemsolvingstep1 step2 step3 step4 step5 4 19 05 20 quickquiz module1 3 listthe5stepsofpdcastep1 step2 step3 step4 step5 4 19 05 21 module2 typesofa3s 4 19 05 22 whentouseastoryboard a3 anytimeyouwishtoclearlytellastoryespeciallywhenyouwishtosimplifyorclarifyacomplicatedstory 4 19 05 23 whatisana3 ana3isaone pagereportusedbytoyotathatincludesallinformationneededforthereaderto makeadecisiononastatedproposalorproblem ortocommunicatethestatusof orplansfor aspecificgoal 7 situationanalysiscountermeasure planfollow up themeofa3 toyotadoesnotteachasetformatguidelinesareestablishedsuchastheinverted n flowtotherighteverytoyotaassociatereceivesa3training signatureblock 4 19 05 24 whyusethea3format becauseana3report 4 19 05 25 tellastoryflowsimplefollowspdcaorppsordpsbasedonfacts notopinionclearandconcisepictureisworthathousandwords graphics vitalpartsofana3 4 19 05 26 typesofa3 a4s 1 problemsolvingstory 2 proposalstory 3 statusreport 4 informationalstory 4 19 05 27 typesofa3reports p s story proposalstory statusstory infostory reporttypes problemconsciousness currentsituation 4 19 05 28 tellaproblemsolvingstorywhen aplan goalorstandardisnotbeingmet 4 19 05 29 problemsolvingstory 4 19 05 30 problemsolvingreportstory signatureblock 4 19 05 31 tellaproposalstorywhen thereisnoplanorgoalbutthereisacompanyvaluewhichneedstobeaddressed aplanorgoalexisted butsituationhaschangedandanewgoal policyorplanneedstobemade anewdirectionorpolicyismadeandagoal planmustbemadetoaddressit 4 19 05 32 proposalstory 4 19 05 33 proposalstory titleortheme iii plan requiredreasonforexpectedresponsibilityconditionrequiredeffectconditionwhat howwhywhatwhocost v implementation howtodeployplanschedule timeline 4 19 05 34 proposalstory title project i background basicconcept ii selectionoftheplan optiona optionb d d x iii exampleofothercompanies a b iv contentsoftheplan timing members cost curriculumexpectedeffect v implementationschedule 0 0 d d legend preferredslightriskhighrisk d x 4 19 05 35 tellastatusreportstorywhen establishingactivitiesforanewgoalreportingonthemajorpointsoflargegoalsannualplansmid yearendreviewsmonthlyvehiclestatusreport 4 19 05 36 statusreportstory theme i background reasonforchoosingtheme iii implementation objectivesactivityachievementseval futureexpl uationproblems iv totaleffect impacttodept company expectedbenefits ii objectives vitalpointsofstrategyorpolicy d x legend preferredslightriskhighrisk d x 4 19 05 37 informationalstorypresentation definition aninformationalstorypresentationisastorythatsummarizedthecurrentsituationonly itdoesnotincludeanevaluationcomponent requiresnoproblemconsciousnessfreedomtochoosedifferenttypesofformatmustbeverifiedvisualizationisaveryimportantpartoftheprocesspurpose informationalstoriesareusedtoconveygeneralinformationtoanyaudience insideoroutsidethecompany 4 19 05 38 reflection module2 quickquiz anyquestions 4 19 05 39 quickquiz 1 listthe4basictypesofa3s1 2 3 4 4 19 05 40 quickquiz 2 youarerequestingtopurchaseanewpieceof capital equipment whattypeofa3wouldbebestsuitedforthissituation 4 19 05 41 quickquiz proposalstory iii requiredreasonforexpectedresponsibilityconditionrequiredeffectconditionwhat howwhywhatwhocost iv unresolvedissueshowtoovercomeobstaclesi e howtonegotiatewithrelateddepartments anticipatedproblemsandresolutions v howtodeployplanschedule timeline 3 fillinthetitleblocks 4 19 05 42 quickquiz 4 nameatleasttwothingsalla3 a4reportshaveincommon 4 19 05 43 module3 a3vitalpoints 4 19 05 44 module3 a3vitalpoints plantimetograsptheentiresituation considerawiderangeofinformationsourcesconsiderothersinvolved nemawashibasestoryonfacts notopinionaloneconsiderthelong termeffectdecidewhatkindofstoryyouneedtotell writetoyouraudienceconsiderneeds knowledgeofsituationrelatethestorytocompanyvalues philosophy 4 19 05 45 a3vitalpoints continued makeyourstoryflowinalogicalsequence includeonlypointsneededtotellthestory savewords usegraphsandvisualstotellyourstorywhenpossible clarifytheaccuracyofthedataused makeeverywordcount bespecific avoidspecializedlanguage considervisualeffectofeachboxonthepageinhelpingyoutellthestory 4 19 05 46 layoutguidelinesonepage a3 reporting i title signatureboxes authoranddatetitleplacementplaceintopleftortopcenterofpage topleftispreferablebecauseitensuresthatthetitleisstillvisibleifthesheetistri folded clearlyindicatethesubjectandpurposeofthereport titlesignatureboxesauthor date 4 19 05 47 layoutguidelinesonepage a3 reporting cont signatureboxesplaceintoprightcornerofreportboxesaretodisplayapprovalfrommanagementsignaturesshouldappearhighesttolowestinrankorder lefttoright authoranddateclearlyindicatethesourceandageofthereportplaceontoprightsideofreport 4 19 05 48 ii boxesclearlyseparateboxesandfollowthelogicflowallotspaceaccordingtoimportanceofitem ex morespaceforanalysisorcountermeasuresbasedonwhatyouwanttoemphasize whatisimportantforthereader allowformarginsandspacebetweenboxesleavespaceonleftforthreeholepunchinglineupboxedgeswherepossible 4 19 05 49 iii sizeandfontoftextkeypointisreadabilitymaintainsamefontsortypestylesthroughout oneforheadings oneforbodytext ifyouwillbereducinganytextorgraphics uselargertypetypicalfontsizesheadings 12pointminimumbodytext 10pointnote onefonttype 4 19 05 50 iv numbering orbullets andlinespacingusenumberedlists orbullets insteadofsentencesandparagraphs numberingmakesitemseasiertoreferenceindiscussiontheorderofnumbereditemsshouldbebasedonimportance sequence ortime leaveablanklinebetweeneachnumberorbulletforreadabilityandflow 4 19 05 51 useofbulletedlists example lesseffective duetonewvehicleline offinjune whichwillrunparallelwithothervehicleproduction itwillbenecessarytoimprovethelayoutandsystemofoperationinourplant better anewvehicleline offwillbegininjuneitsproductionwillparallelourcurrentproductionimprovetheplantlayoutandoperation 4 19 05 52 v underliningorboldingtextuseunderliningorboldingoftexttofocusattentiononkeypointsreadershouldbeabletograspthestorybyonlyfollowingtheboldinformation newequipmentfor 94model backgroundnewmodelstart 93 objectivesneednewequipment schedulepilotbuild1 93 effects cost 3million futureactions findvendor6 92install12 92 a3reportwritingconstructiveanalysisofa3 a4s a3reportwritingchoosingtherightchartorgraph 4 19 05 55 goal toincreasedepartmentparticipationincontributingtotheunitedwaycampaign whichofthefourgraphsworksbest graph1 graph2 graph3 graph4 4 19 05 56 keypointsforgraphpreparation usecharts graphs andpicturestovisuallyrepresentdata selectthedataandgraphappropriateforyourobjective chooseaclearandconcisetitle determinehowmuchhistoryshouldbeshowntorepresentthetrend determinetheorderofeachiteminthegraph labeltheaxis verticalandhorizontalunitsofmeasure includealegendofsymbolsifapplicable indicatethedatasourceanddateonthegraphforeasyreference usetheappropriatescale verticalaxis showstandard goal ifpossible showtheexactnumberforthedatapointsifitdoesnotmakethegraphtoobusy 4 19 05 57 vi chartsandgraphs example lesseffective carsproducedmay28 1998white35 red40 blue10 teal10 grey5 ltblue5 better 4 19 05 58 vii checkforoverallbalance holdthepaperatarm slength isitneatoverall uncluttered isthereenoughwhitespacewithinandaroundboxes aretheboxesbalancedoneachside isthereagoodmixoftextandgraphics viii givereporttoacolleagueforcomments cantheyunderstandit dotheyrecognizethepurpose isitastrainontheireyes didtheyfindanymistakes 4 19 05 59 whenyoudon tknowwhatyou retalkingaboutw