英語專業(yè)大一背誦篇目.doc

A Tale of Two Cities (excerpt)狄更斯在雙城記一書的開頭就說，“這是一個(gè)最好的時(shí)代，也是一個(gè)最壞的時(shí)代”。妙哉斯言！這段文字中多個(gè)平行句所表達(dá)的希望與絕望、光明與黑暗、理想與現(xiàn)實(shí)一直深深地打動(dòng)讀者。文中句型的反復(fù)、形式上的對(duì)偶、內(nèi)容上的對(duì)比、總體結(jié)構(gòu)上的平行（排比），都值得我們細(xì)細(xì)體味。It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age ofwisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it wasthe epoch of incredulity; it was the season of light, it was the season ofdarkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we hadeverything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going directto Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.Charles Dickens 注釋：wisdom: a wise outlook, plan, or course of action 智慧，明智的行為，學(xué)識(shí)epoch: a particular period of history, especially one considered remarkable or noteworthy age, era,period 新紀(jì)元，時(shí)代，時(shí)期incredulity: the state or quality of being incredulous; disbelief 懷疑despair: to lose all hope 絕望，失望查爾斯狄更斯（18121870），英國(guó)大名鼎鼎的作家，是19 世紀(jì)英國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的主要代表。他筆耕一生，靠勤奮和汗水創(chuàng)作出大衛(wèi)科波菲爾、雙城記等世界名著。他的作品以妙趣橫生的幽默、細(xì)致入微的心理分析以及現(xiàn)實(shí)主義描寫與浪漫主義氣氛的有機(jī)結(jié)合而著稱。 (85 words)Spring Song布萊克的詩讀起來朗朗上口，有音樂的美感，充滿感性，喜歡的人很多。希望你也喜歡。Spring is coming, spring is coming,Birdies, build your nest;Weave together straw and feather,Doing each your best.Spring is coming, spring is coming,Flowers are coming too:Pansies, lilies, daffodillies Now are coming through.Spring is coming, spring is coming,All around is fair,Shimmer and quiver on the river,Joy is everywhere.William Blake 注釋：straw : a single stalk of threshed grain 稻草，麥稈pansies, lilies, daffodillies: 三色紫羅蘭、百合花、喇叭水仙花sahimmer : to shine with a subdued, flickering light 微光quiver : to shake with a slight, rapid, tremulous movement 顫抖，振動(dòng)William Blake， 布萊克（17571827），英國(guó)詩人，著有詩集天真之歌(1789)經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌（1794）。他最重要的繪畫有坎特伯雷香客和雅各的夢(mèng)。Youth20 世紀(jì)初塞繆爾厄爾曼寫的這篇不足500 字的短文青春一直為世人傾倒，過了這么多年它的魅力依舊。因?yàn)樗o予了一種啟示，教我們?nèi)绾蚊篮玫厣?。Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosycheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of theimagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deepsprings of life. Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage overtimidity of the appetite, for adventure over the love of ease. This oftenexists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty. Nobody grows oldmerely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles thesoul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back todust. Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every beings heart the lure ofwonder, the unfailing child-like appetite of whats next, and the joy of thegame of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wirelessstation; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courageand power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young.When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows ofcynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even attwenty, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch the waves of optimism,there is hope you may die young at eighty.Samuel Ullman 注釋：rosy cheeks: 玫瑰花般的臉頰supple: readily bent; pliant 柔軟的vigor : physical or mental strength, energy, or force 精力，活力temperamental : excessively sensitive or irritable; moody 心情變化快的，喜怒無常的predominance : the state or quality of being predominant; preponderance 優(yōu)勢(shì)timidity : shy 膽怯的，害羞的appetite : 食欲，胃口，欲望，愛好desert : 放棄，遺棄wrinkle: to draw up into wrinkles; pucker 起皺enthusiasm : great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause 狂熱，熱心，積極性wireless : 無線的infinite : having no limits 無限的，無窮的aerial : 天線cynicism: a scornful, bitterly mocking comment or act 玩世不恭，冷嘲熱諷pessimism: a tendency to stress the negative or unfavorable possible view 悲觀，悲觀主義optimism: a tendency to expect the best possible outcome or dwell on the most hopeful aspects ofa situation 樂觀，樂觀主義塞繆爾厄爾曼，1840 年生于德國(guó)，童年時(shí)移居美國(guó)。他在古稀之年才開始寫作，是一個(gè)了不起的人。（本文由于手抄流傳等多種原因，存在多個(gè)版本，這里采用作者原文。）The Garden of EdenBible 一詞源于希臘文的biblia，意思是“書叢”。圣經(jīng)分為兩部分：舊約和新約，包含有詩歌、法律、歷史、預(yù)言、訓(xùn)誨、故事、書信等文體。舊約的內(nèi)容是希伯來人出埃及時(shí)，上帝（耶和華）與人類（希伯來人）所立之舊的盟約以及此盟約的兌現(xiàn)。所謂“約”，即“約定”的意思。新約是上帝與人類所立的新的盟約，此盟約是以耶穌的圣訓(xùn)和他的生活為基礎(chǔ)的。下面是圣經(jīng)故事創(chuàng)世紀(jì)中的一段。GOD had made a beautiful garden for the first man and woman to live in.The garden, called Eden, was full of many wonderful things. Flowers asbeautiful to look at as they were to smell grew everywhere. Soft, greengrass grew under foot. The joyful music of songbirds drifted across gentle,warm breezes. A clear flowing stream gave cool, fresh water to drink,while hanging from the limbs of the many trees were all sorts of deliciousfruits. Tasty vegetables grew free for the gathering. In the Garden of Edenwere also all manner of animals, both large and small. Adam and Evedidnt have to be afraid of any of the beasts, for all the animals were theirfriends. GOD told the man and woman that it was their job to take care oftheir new home. He also told them that two special trees grew in thegarden. One was the Tree of Life. The other was the Tree of theKnowledge of Good and Evil.GOD told them, “You may eat the fruit that grows on all the treesexcept for one. You mustnt touch the fruit that grows on the Tree of theKnowledge of Good and Evil. If you eat the fruit that grows on that treeyou will die.”注釋：Eden: the garden that was the first home of Adam and Eve (圣經(jīng))伊甸園，樂園drift: something moving along in a current of air or water 飄；漂流breeze: a light current of air; a gentle wind 微風(fēng)Adam and Eve:亞當(dāng)和夏娃(圣經(jīng)中的人物，所謂的人類始祖)英語晨讀精華 (220 words)American dreamTo Americans, industriousness, thrift and ambition are positive values. We encourage our children to be competitive, to get ahead, to make money, to acquire possession. In games and in business alike, the aim is to win the game, the trophy, the contract. We go in for laborsaving devices, gadgets, speed and shortcuts. We think every young couple should set up a home of their own. And we pity the couple who must share their home with their parent, let alone with other relatives. Actually, of course, not all Americans hold all these values. And those who do may hold other, and at times contradictory values that affect their ways of behaving. In the main, however, the collective expectation of our society is that these are desirable goals, and the individual, whatever his personal inclination, is under considerable pressure to conform.I Have a Dream馬丁路德金(19291968)，美國(guó)黑人解放運(yùn)動(dòng)的著名領(lǐng)袖，1968 年被種族主義者刺殺。1963 年8 月28 日，美國(guó)首都華盛頓舉行大規(guī)模的黑人集會(huì)，為黑人爭(zhēng)取自由、平等和就業(yè)。馬丁路德金在會(huì)上發(fā)表本篇演說。I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation wherethey will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content oftheir character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governorslips are presently dripping with the words of interposition andnullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boysand black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and whitegirls and walk together as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hilland mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, andthe crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shallbe revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South.With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair astone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the janglingdiscords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. Withthis faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggletogether, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowingthat we will be free one day. Martin Luther King 注釋：Alabama: a tribe of the Creek confederacy formerly inhabiting southern Alabama and nowlocated in eastern Texas 阿拉巴馬州(美國(guó)的一個(gè)州)lip: either of two fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth 嘴唇drip: to let fall in or as if in drops (使)滴下interposition: 異議nullification: the state of being nullified 無效transform: to subject (a construction) to a transformation 改變exalt: 升高crooked: having or marked by bends, curves, or angles 彎曲的glory: a highly praiseworthy asset 榮譽(yù)，光榮reveal: to make known (something concealed or secret) 顯示，透露jangling: 刺耳的discord: inharmonious combination of simultaneously sounded tones; dissonance 意見不合，嘈雜聲symphony: 交響樂，交響曲brotherhood: the state or relationship of being brothers 手足情誼jail: a place for the confinement of persons in lawful detention; a prison 監(jiān)獄 (250 words)Think it overToday we have higher buildings and wider highways, but shorter temperaments and narrower points of view;We spend more, but enjoy less; We have bigger houses, but smaller families;We have more compromises, but less time;We have more knowledge, but less judgment;We have more medicines, but less health;We have multiplied out possessions, but reduced out values;We talk much, we love only a little, and we hate too much;We reached the Moon and came back, but we find it troublesome to cross our own street and meet our neighbors;We have conquered the outer space, but not our inner space;We have higher income, but less morals;These are times with more liberty, but less joy;We have much more food, but less nutrition;These are the days in which it takes two salaries for each home, but divorces increase;These are times of finer houses, but more broken homes;Thats why I propose, that as of today;You do not keep anything for a special occasion. because every day that you live is a SPECIAL OCCASION. Search for knowledge, read more ,sit on your porch and admire the view without paying attention to your needs; Spend more time with your family and friends, eat your favorite foods, visit the places you love;Life is a chain of moments of enjoyment; not only about survival; Use your crystal goblets. Do not save your best perfume, and use it every time you feel you want it.Remove from your vocabulary phrases like “one of these days” or someday; Lets write that letter we thought of writing one of these days! Lets tell our families and friends how much we love them; Do not delay anything that adds laughter and joy to your life; Every day, every hour, and every minute is special;And you dont know if it will be your last.(320 words)Companionship of BooksA man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. Men often discover their affinity to each other by the mutual love they have for a book just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this:” Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them. A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a mans life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time have been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive e but what is really good. Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see the as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe. The great and good do not die, even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which on still listens. (460 words)If I Were A Boy AgainIf I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance more often, and never give up a thing because it was or inconvenient. If we want light, we must conquer darkness. Perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its results. “There are only two creatures,” says a proverb, “who can surmount the pyramidsthe eagle and the snail.”If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; I would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. I would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once. The habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we begain early enough. I often hear grown up people say “ I could not fix my attention on the sermon or book, although I wished to do so” , and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty by every possible means, and on every possible occasion. It takes a little hard work at first to remember things accurately; but memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. It only needs early cultivation to become a power.If I were a boy again, I would cultivate courage. “Nothing is so mild and gentle as courage, nothing so cruel and pitiless as cowardice,” syas a wise author. We too often borrow trouble, and anticipate that may never appear.” The fear of ill exceeds the ill we fear.” Dangers will arise in any career, but presence of mind will often conquer the worst of them. Be prepared for any fate, and there is no harm to be freared.If I were a boy again, I would look on the cheerful side. Life is very much like a mirror: if you smile upon it, I smiles back upon you; but if you frown and look doubtful on it, you will get a similar look in return. Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner, but of all that come in contact with it. “ who shuts love out ,in turn shall be shut out from love.”If I were a boy again, I would school myself to say no more often. I might write pages on the importance of learning very early in life to gain that point where a young boy can stand erect, and decline doing an unworthy act because it is unworthy.If I were a boy again, I would demand of myself more courtesy towards my companions and friends, and indeed towards strangers as well. The smallest courtesies along the rough roads of life are like the little birds that sing to us all winter long, and make that season of ice and snow more endurable.Finally, instead of trying hard to be happy, as if that were the sole purpose of life, I would , if I were a boy again, I would still try harder to make others happy.假如我又回到了童年，我做事要更有毅力，決不因?yàn)槭虑槠D難或者麻煩而撒手不干，我們要光明，就得征服黑暗。毅力在效果上有時(shí)能同天才相比。俗話說：“能登上金字塔的生物，只有兩種鷹和蝸牛?！奔偃缥矣只氐搅送辏揖鸵B(yǎng)成專心致志的習(xí)慣；有事在手，就決不讓任何東西讓我分心。我要牢記：優(yōu)秀的滑冰手從不試圖同時(shí)滑向兩個(gè)不同的方向。如果及早養(yǎng)成這種專心致志的習(xí)慣，它將成為我們生命的一部分。我常聽成年人說：“雖然我希望能集中注意聽牧師講道或讀書，但往往做不到。”而原因就是年輕時(shí)沒有養(yǎng)成這種習(xí)慣。假如我現(xiàn)在能重新開始我的生命，我就要更注意記憶力的培養(yǎng)。我要采取一切可能的辦法，并且在一切可能的場(chǎng)合，增強(qiáng)記憶力。要正確無誤地記住一些東西，在開始階段的確要作出一番小小的努力；但要不了多久，記憶力本身就會(huì)起作用，使記憶成為輕而易舉的事，只需及早培養(yǎng)，記憶自會(huì)成為一種才能。假如我又回到了童年，我就要培養(yǎng)勇氣。一位明智的作家曾說過：“世上沒有東西比勇氣更溫文爾雅，也沒有東西比懦怯更殘酷無情。”我們常常過多地自尋煩惱，杞人憂天?！芭碌満Ρ鹊満Ρ旧砀膳?。”凡事都有危險(xiǎn)，但鎮(zhèn)定沉著往往能克服最嚴(yán)重的危險(xiǎn)。對(duì)一切禍福做好準(zhǔn)備，那么就沒有什么災(zāi)難可以害怕的了。假如我又回到了童年，我就要事事樂觀。生活猶如一面鏡子：你朝它笑，它也朝你笑；如果你雙眉緊鎖，向它投以懷疑的目光，它也將還以你同樣的目光。內(nèi)心的歡樂不僅溫暖了歡樂者自己的心，也溫暖了所有與之接觸者的心。“誰拒愛于門外，也必將被愛拒諸門外?！奔偃缥矣只氐搅送?，我就要養(yǎng)成經(jīng)常說“不”字的習(xí)慣。一個(gè)少年要能挺得起腰，拒絕做不應(yīng)該做的事，就因?yàn)檫@事不值得做。我可以寫上好幾頁談?wù)勗缒昱囵B(yǎng)這一點(diǎn)的重要性。假如我又回到了童年，我就要要求自己對(duì)伙伴和朋友更加禮貌，而且對(duì)陌生人也應(yīng)如此。在坎坷的生活道路上，最細(xì)小的禮貌猶如在漫長(zhǎng)的冬天為我們歌唱的小鳥，那歌聲使冰天雪地的寒冬變得較易忍受。最后，假如我又回到了童年，我不會(huì)力圖為自己謀幸福，好像這就是人生唯一的目的；與之相反，我要更努力為他人謀幸福。 (510 words)Three Days to SeeAll of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live. Sometimes it was as long as a year; sometimes as short as twenty-four hours, but always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed man chose to spend his last days or his last hours. I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.Such stories set up thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances. What associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings? What happiness should we find in reviewing the past, what regrets?Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come. There are those, of course, who would adopt the epicurean motto of “