初中賓語從句講義.doc

.初中賓語從句：第一講導入：（在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當賓語） I kown the man. （而這時也可以用一個句子來充當賓語） I know that the man is a policeman The man is a policeman.1.基本概念 賓語：動作的承受者 從句：主從復合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的。主句是復合句的主體，從句僅僅是主句的一個成分，它從屬于主句，不能獨立。從句在全句中充當什么成分，就叫什么從句。 賓語從句：是主從復合句的一種。賓語從句當中的從句在全句中作賓語2.考試題型： 賓語從句是中考的重點語法項目 ，其主要的考試形式出現(xiàn)在“選擇填空和短文改錯”中。3. 引導詞： (1)由從屬連詞that引導的賓語從句: e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. 注：that 在句中無詞義，在從句中不能充當句子成分，在口語中往往被省略。 (2)由疑問代詞 who,whom,whose,which,what和疑問副詞 where, when, why,how引導的賓語從句: e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is ?（誰的，作定語） 2)Could you tell me why the train is late? （為什么，作狀語） 3)He asked who could answer the question.（誰，作主語） 注： 這些連詞既有詞義又充當句子成份。 (3)由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導的賓語從句:if/whether 引導賓語從句 表示“是否”之義，在句中不充當句子成份。e.g. I want to know if/whether she is right . They didnt know whether Tom could come back or not . I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.If 與whether 的區(qū)別（1）與or not 連用只能用whether Eg: I dont know _ he will come or not.（2）介詞后只能用whether Eg: I dont care of _ he is handsome.（3）與to do 不定式連用只能用whether Eg: He wondered _ to stay here the next week.（4）當賓語從句提到句首時，只能用whether引導 Eg: _ he will come is not decided. 三、賓語從句的語序 無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都是運用陳述句的語序，即是“主語在前，謂語在后”的順序。 I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.4、 賓語從句種的時態(tài)變化I hear (that) Jim was ( be ) a worker two years ago. Jim is ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim will cook ( cook ) dinner tomorrow . Jim is singing ( sing )a popular song now. Jim has been ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim was playing ( play ) basketball when his father came back. Jim had learned ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester. He said what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He said that he would go back to the U.S.A. soon. He asked if you had written to Peter.He told me (that)summer is after Spring .I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon.My parents told me (that)no news is good news.1. 當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時態(tài)。（需要性原則）2. 當主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運用相應的過去的某一種時態(tài)，從而達到主句和從句的相互一致。（呼應性原則）3.當賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實或者是客觀存在的真理時，就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。（特殊性原則）一、三類詞引導的賓語從句： 從屬連詞that 疑問詞：8個“W”,1個“H” 從屬連詞whether/if二、賓語從句的語序三、賓語從句的時態(tài)1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求轉換句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺秃暇洌?He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個句子） _ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語從句的復合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改寫) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants