初中賓語(yǔ)從句講義.doc

.初中賓語(yǔ)從句：第一講導(dǎo)入：（在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)） I kown the man. （而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)） I know that the man is a policeman The man is a policeman.1.基本概念 賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作的承受者 從句：主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的。主句是復(fù)合句的主體，從句僅僅是主句的一個(gè)成分，它從屬于主句，不能獨(dú)立。從句在全句中充當(dāng)什么成分，就叫什么從句。 賓語(yǔ)從句：是主從復(fù)合句的一種。賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中的從句在全句中作賓語(yǔ)2.考試題型： 賓語(yǔ)從句是中考的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目 ，其主要的考試形式出現(xiàn)在“選擇填空和短文改錯(cuò)”中。3. 引導(dǎo)詞： (1)由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句: e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. 注：that 在句中無(wú)詞義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)句子成分，在口語(yǔ)中往往被省略。 (2)由疑問(wèn)代詞 who,whom,whose,which,what和疑問(wèn)副詞 where, when, why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句: e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is ?（誰(shuí)的，作定語(yǔ)） 2)Could you tell me why the train is late? （為什么，作狀語(yǔ)） 3)He asked who could answer the question.（誰(shuí)，作主語(yǔ)） 注： 這些連詞既有詞義又充當(dāng)句子成份。 (3)由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句:if/whether 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句 表示“是否”之義，在句中不充當(dāng)句子成份。e.g. I want to know if/whether she is right . They didnt know whether Tom could come back or not . I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.If 與whether 的區(qū)別（1）與or not 連用只能用whether Eg: I dont know _ he will come or not.（2）介詞后只能用whether Eg: I dont care of _ he is handsome.（3）與to do 不定式連用只能用whether Eg: He wondered _ to stay here the next week.（4）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo) Eg: _ he will come is not decided. 三、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序 無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句都是運(yùn)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即是“主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后”的順序。 I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.4、 賓語(yǔ)從句種的時(shí)態(tài)變化I hear (that) Jim was ( be ) a worker two years ago. Jim is ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim will cook ( cook ) dinner tomorrow . Jim is singing ( sing )a popular song now. Jim has been ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim was playing ( play ) basketball when his father came back. Jim had learned ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester. He said what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He said that he would go back to the U.S.A. soon. He asked if you had written to Peter.He told me (that)summer is after Spring .I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon.My parents told me (that)no news is good news.1. 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。（需要性原則）2. 當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。（呼應(yīng)性原則）3.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀存在的真理時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。（特殊性原則）一、三類詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句： 從屬連詞that 疑問(wèn)詞：8個(gè)“W”,1個(gè)“H” 從屬連詞whether/if二、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序三、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫(xiě)句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個(gè)句子） _ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改寫(xiě)) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants