定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解.doc

定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。其中被修飾的名詞或代詞稱(chēng)為先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為三類(lèi)，分別為關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、介詞+關(guān)系代詞。引導(dǎo)詞位于先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起著連接主從句、指代先行詞和在句子中作成分的三重作用。引導(dǎo)詞： 關(guān)系代詞: that：可指人亦可指物；作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)which：指物；作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) who：指人；作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) whom：指人；作賓語(yǔ) whose：可指人亦可指物；作定語(yǔ) 關(guān)系副詞： when：作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) where：作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why：作原因狀語(yǔ) 介詞+關(guān)系代詞:in/of/from/to/with/on/at+ which/ whom二、引導(dǎo)詞使用技巧 1.如果從句中缺少成分，在關(guān)系代詞中選擇 2. 如果從句中不缺少成分，在關(guān)系副詞中選擇 1. 找到從句劃括號(hào)（引導(dǎo)詞起，主句的第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞止） 2. 根據(jù)成分選連詞 一看指人還是物 二看介詞在何處 三看句中作何用 四看是否屬特殊 that/which who/that as/which such as/that三、定語(yǔ)從句四大考點(diǎn)1.限制性與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句2.關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇3.介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞的選擇(重難點(diǎn))4.分割式定語(yǔ)從句（先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句被用作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)及主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)而分開(kāi)）四、英語(yǔ)五大句式1.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) ：謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞，不需加賓語(yǔ)（動(dòng)作承受者）直接與主語(yǔ)（動(dòng)作發(fā)出者）構(gòu)成句子。2.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)：除主語(yǔ)外的其他成分由及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成，并構(gòu)成完整句子。3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)：除主語(yǔ)外的其他部分由謂語(yǔ)+雙賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)：除主語(yǔ)外的其他部分由謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。5.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：除主語(yǔ)外的其他部分由系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。在看從句中缺少何種成分時(shí)要依據(jù)以上五大句式的構(gòu)成判斷，一般缺少的為主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)（賓補(bǔ)），這時(shí)要選擇關(guān)系代詞，如不缺少成分，這時(shí)要選擇關(guān)系副詞或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。五、注意事項(xiàng)1.定語(yǔ)從句中無(wú)what2.關(guān)系代詞中which既可指一件事也可以指一件物品3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有介詞加who或that，which和whom在此結(jié)構(gòu)中經(jīng)常使用。4.從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞且句子成分完整時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞前面的介詞需與先行詞建立聯(lián)系。5. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。6.that、why不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句六、課文中的定語(yǔ)從句1.（1）關(guān)系代詞作引導(dǎo)詞1. A huge crack (that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide) cut across houses,roads and canals.2. The number of people( who were killed or seriously injured )reached more than 400,000.3. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake (which was almost as strong as the first one) shook Tangshan.4.The army organized teams to dig out those (who were trapped) and to bury the dead.5. Workers built shelters for survivors (whose homes hand been destroyed.)6. Here are my neighbours (whose home was destroyed by the earthquake.)7. Next month the city will open a new park to honour those (who died in the terrible disaster.)8. The park will also honour those (who helped the survivors.)9. I remember the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends (who had died. )（2）高考真題： In an hour,we can travel to places_would have taken our ancestors days to reach.(2006上海) A.where B.when C.which D.what Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year.A.who B. where C. when D. which The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.(2011 山東)A.they B. where C. what D. that A person_e-mail account is full wont be able send or receive any e-mails.(2009, 天津) A.who B. whom C. whose D. whoever Is this the reason_at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？(2002, 上海春) A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained2.(1) 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)詞1. The time (when I first met Nelson Mandela )was a very different period of my life. 2. The school (where I studied for only two years) was three kilometres away.3. However, this was a timewhen one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.4. The day (when Nelson Mandela helped me )was one of my happinest .5.until today we have reached a stage (where we have almost no rights at all.)6. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings (when we should have been asleep.)7. Indeed, Hawaii is a place (where people make one big communityfrom many smaller communities.)8. There is a place (where many small things are stored that might fall down.)（2）高考真題： We are living in an age _many things are done on computer. (2003春)A.which B. that C. whose D. when Mozarts birthplace and the house_he composed “The Magic Flute” (魔笛) are both museums now. (2009, 上海)A.where B.when C.there D. which 3.(1)介詞+關(guān)系代詞作引導(dǎo)詞1.The USA is a large country (in which many different dialects are spoken.)2. Mandela was the black lawyer (to whom I went for advice.)3.Robben Island was a prison (from which no one escaped.)4. However, his principles are still those (on which modern computers are built.)(2)高考真題： American women usually identify their best friend as someone _they can talk frequently.A.who B. as C. about which D. with whom We went through a period _communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008，上海)A.which B. whose C. in which D. with which She bought with her three friends, none of _I had ever met before.(2009) A.them B. who C. whom D. these4.(1)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1. But the one million people of the city, (who thought little of these events, )were asleep as usual that night.2. It was felt in Beijing, (which is more than two huandred kilomatres away.)3. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, (all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.)4. He was generous with his time, (for which I was grateful.)(2)高考真題： There are altogether eleven books on the shelf ,_five are mine.(2004, 全國(guó)II)A.on which B. in which C. of which D. from which The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. (2008, 全國(guó)II) A.it B. what C. which D. that You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, _is always busy at the weekend.(2006, 上海) A. that B. where C. what D. which The famous basketball star，_tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002春)A.where B.when C.which D.who Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_they learn simple games and songs. (2007) A.then B.there C.while D.where Ada came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,_ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A.this B. that C. what D. which練習(xí)：1. Hebegantheresearchandstudies_ledtohis