外文翻譯--基于單片機的照明控制系統(tǒng).doc

The Control System for Lighting Based on Singlechip MicrocomputerWith the rapid development of electronic technology, the system of control based on Single-chip Microcomputer is widely applied in industry, agriculture, electric power, electron, intelligent building and so on. Microcomputer, as the subject and core of the embedded system of control, replaces the traditional systemelectronic circuit. At the same time, the development and maturation of the intelligent building have established the substantial foundation for the popularization and application of the control system for lighting based on single-chip microcomputer. The paper expatiates on the designing theories and implementation method of the control system for lighting by wired or wireless communications. Taking the designing process as mainline, it describes the process of designing from two respectshardware and software. In another word, the paper describes the process from the method of circuit designing to the software technology of realizing the demanded functions. The host controller of the control system for lighting is based on AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer, and the auxiliary ones are based on AT89C2051. The system can do many jobs, such as wired communication, wireless data transmitting, controlling and display. The paper describes the designing process of the circuit at length, including: keyboard and LED display circuit, RS485 communication circuit, wireless transmitting circuit, control circuit of lighting, watchdog circuit, etc. The designing of software mainly includes the several programming, such as wired communication, wireless data transmitting, lamplight controlling, timed controlling, keyboard scanning and LED displaying. The wired communication programming function is that through Master-slave communication method based on RS485 the host controller sends orders to the all auxiliary controllers or each one, including: turning on lighting, turning off lighting, regulating brightness of lighting, controlling timed lighting, etc. The wireless data transmitting programming function is that by wireless transmitter it realizes wireless controlling of the lighting, and achieves the functions identical to wired communication. Traditional building automatic controlling system only includes such subsystems: comprehensive wires, computer network, safe defending, fire defending and closed-circuits TV monitoring systems and so on. But in the recent years, with the economic development and the progress of the science and technology, people have put forward more higher demands for energy-conservation of lighting lamps and scientific management, which makes the lighting control system of the classroom have such functions as energy-conservation, convenience, intelligence, etc. Whats more, it can improve the efficiency of the work and study, result in many kinds of lighting effects, and improve the management level.There are the design philosophy of this system, operation principle of every chip, and such relevant problems as the choice, making and debugging of the components and unit circuits about lighting control system of classroom, which regards the micro-control unit as the control core of the system. This control system is suitable for such occasions as various kinds of multimedia classrooms, station waiting rooms, offices, etc. It is mainly composed of lightening control unit, moving sensor unit, illuminative sensor unit, handed-control unit, and so on. The target of the design is intelligent lightening, scientific management, and energy-conservation and cost- conservation. The AT89C2051 with the feature of cheap cost has been used as the control unit in the whole design. The whole system not only has been introduced in the paper, but also has been successfully finished with series of the Dais micro-control unit. The experiment suggests that this design can easily come true if the users do as the thesis. So it can be used as the intelligent lighting control system of the university campus. Whats more, it will affect better if combining with other intelligent control systems.LED Summary LED (Light Emitting Diode), light-emitting diode, is a solid state semiconductor devices, which can be directly converted into electricity to light. LED is the heart of a semiconductor chip, the chip is attached to one end of a stent, is the negative side, the other end of the power of the cathode, the entire chip package to be epoxy resin. Semiconductor chip is composed of two parts, part of the P-type semiconductor, it inside the hole-dominated, the other side is the N-type semiconductor, here is mainly electronic. But linking the two semiconductors, among them the formation of a PN junction. When the current through the wires role in this chip, will be pushing e-P, P zone in the hole with electronic composite, and then to be issued in the form of photon energy, and this is the principle of LED luminescence. The wavelength of light that is the color of light, is formed by the PN junction of the decisions of the material. LED history50 years ago, people have to understand semiconductor materials can produce light of the basic knowledge, the first commercial diodes in 1960. English is the LED light emitting diode (LED) acronym, and its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed in a wire rack, then sealed with epoxy resin around, that is, solid package, Therefore, the protection of the internal batteries can play the role of line, so the seismic performance LED good. LED is the core of the P-type semiconductor and components of the N-type semiconductor chips, the P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor between a transition layer, called the PN junction. In some semiconductor materials in the PN junction, the injection of a small number of carrier-carrier and the majority of the extra time will be in the form of light energy to release, thus the power to direct conversion of solar energy. PN junction on reverse voltage, a few hard-carrier injection, it is not luminous. This use of injection electroluminescent diodes is produced by the principle of light-emitting diodes, commonly known as LED. When it in a positive state of the work (that is, at both ends with forward voltage), the current flows from the LED anode, cathode, semiconductor crystals on the issue from the ultraviolet to infrared light of different colors, light and the strength of the currents. Instruments used for the first LED light source instructions, but all kinds of light colored LED lights in traffic and large screen has been widely applied, have a very good economic and social benefits. The 12-inch red traffic lights as an example, is used in the United States have long life, low-efficiency 140 watt incandescent lamp as a light source, it produced 2,000 lumens of white light. The red filter, the loss-90 percent, only 200 lumens of red light. In the light of the new design, Lumileds companies have 18 red LED light source, including the loss of circuit, a total power consumption of 14 watts to generate the same optical effect. Automotive LED lights is also the source of important areas. For general lighting, people need more white light sources. The 1998 white LED successful development. This is the GaN LED chip and Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) package together cause. GaN chip of the Blu-ray ( p = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), made of high-temperature sintering of the Ce3 + YAG phosphors excited by this Blu-ray after irradiating a yellow, the peak 550 nm. Blue-chip installed in the LED-based Wanxing reflection in the cavity, covered with a resin mixed with YAG thin layer, about 200-500 nm. LED-based tablets issued by the Blu-ray absorption part of the phosphor, the phosphor another part of the Blu-ray and a yellow light mixed, can be a white. Now, the InGaN / YAG white LED, YAG phosphor by changing the chemical composition of the phosphor layer and adjust the thickness of the 3500-10000 K color temperature can be colored white. This blue LED through the method by white, constructed simple, low-cost, high technology is mature, so use the most. In the 1960s, the use of science and technology workers semiconductor PN junction of The principle of developing a LED light-emitting diodes. At that time, the development of LED, the materials used are GaASP, its luminous color is red. After nearly 30 years of development, and now we are very familiar with the LED, has been sent to red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and other shade. However lighting necessary for white LED light only in recent years to develop, readers here to tell us about lighting with white LED.基于單片機的照明控制系統(tǒng) 隨著電子技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，基于單片機的控制系統(tǒng)已廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、電力、電子、智能樓宇等行業(yè)，微型計算機作為嵌入式控制系統(tǒng)的主體與核心，代替了傳統(tǒng)的控制系統(tǒng)的常規(guī)電子線路。同時樓宇智能化的發(fā)展與成熟，也為基于單片機的照明控制系統(tǒng)的普及與應(yīng)用奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。本文闡述了照明的有線、無線控制方式設(shè)計原理與實現(xiàn)方法。以設(shè)計過程為主線，分別從硬件和軟件兩個方面描述設(shè)計過程，即從硬件電路的設(shè)計方法到實現(xiàn)所要求功能的軟件技術(shù)。該照明控制系統(tǒng)的主控制器、分控制器分別是以AT89C51與AT89C2051單片機為基礎(chǔ)，實現(xiàn)了有線通信、無線數(shù)傳、控制與顯示等功能。文中詳細地描述了控制電路的設(shè)計過程，包括：鍵盤與LED顯示電路、RS485通信電路、無線數(shù)傳電路、照明燈控制電路以及看門狗電路等。對于軟件設(shè)計主要有主控制器、分控制器的有線通信程序設(shè)計與無線數(shù)字傳輸程序設(shè)計以及燈光控制、定時控制、鍵盤掃描與LED顯示等程序設(shè)計。有線通信程序的功能是：通過RS485主從通信方式，由主控制器發(fā)出命令對全部或單個分控制器所控制的照明燈實現(xiàn)開啟、關(guān)閉、燈光亮度調(diào)節(jié)、定時控制等功能。無線數(shù)傳程序設(shè)計的功能是：通過無線數(shù)傳模塊實現(xiàn)照明燈的無線遙控，同樣實現(xiàn)有線方式控制的功能。在傳統(tǒng)的樓宇自控系統(tǒng)中，一般只包括了綜合布線、計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)、安防、消防、閉路電視監(jiān)控等子系統(tǒng)。但近年來，隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和科技的進步，人們對照明燈具節(jié)能和科學(xué)管理提出了更多、更高的要求，使教室照明控制系統(tǒng)具有了節(jié)能、方便、智能等作用，并能改善工作學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，實現(xiàn)多種照明效果，提高管理水平。這個以單片機為控制核心的教室照明控制系統(tǒng)，涉及到了系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計思想、各芯片的工作原理、元器件的選擇、制作與調(diào)試等相關(guān)問題。該控制系統(tǒng)適用于各種多媒體教室、車站候車室、辦公室等場合。它主要由照明控制器、動態(tài)傳感器、照度傳感器、手動控制設(shè)備等組成。教室照明智能化設(shè)計的目標是要突出照明系統(tǒng)智能化、科學(xué)管理和節(jié)省能源、節(jié)省運營費用的特點。整篇文章以AT89C2051為控制單元，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，成本低廉。整個系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計除了在論文有詳細的介紹外，還用DAIS系列單片機微機仿真實驗箱進行了成功的仿真，使該設(shè)計更具有實踐價值。實驗表明，該設(shè)計可操作性強，完全能作為大學(xué)教室照明的智能控制器，若能與教室的其它智能控制系統(tǒng)融合，效果會更強。LED概述 LED（Light Emitting Diode），發(fā)光二極管，是一種固態(tài)的半導(dǎo)體器件，它可以直接把電轉(zhuǎn)化為光。LED的心臟是一個半導(dǎo)體的晶片，晶片的一端附在一個支架上，一端是負極，另一端連接電源的正極，使整個晶片被環(huán)氧樹脂封裝起來。半導(dǎo)體晶片由兩部分組成，一部分是P型半導(dǎo)體，在它里面空穴占主導(dǎo)地位，另一端是N型半導(dǎo)體，在這邊主要是電子。但這兩種半導(dǎo)體連接起來的時候，它們之間就形成一個“P-N結(jié)”。當電流通過導(dǎo)線作用于這個晶片的時候，電子就會被推向P區(qū)，在P區(qū)里電子跟空穴復(fù)合，然后就會以光子的形式發(fā)出能量，這就是LED發(fā)光的原理。而光的波長也就是光的顏色，是由形成P-N結(jié)的材料決定的。 LED歷史 50年前人們已經(jīng)了解半導(dǎo)體材料可產(chǎn)生光線的基本知識，第一個商用二