扁桃體炎.doc

TonsillitisThere are two main type of tonsillitis:acute and chronic. Tonsillitis is mostly caused by a virus, and fewer cases are caused by bacteria. Tonsillitis is very common,particularly in children.Its important to understand that the symptoms will be experienced differently for each person . Cases that are caused by bacteria are ofen followed by skin rash and a flushed face .Tonsillitis that is caused by a virus will develop symptoms that are flu-like such as runny nose or aches and pains through out the body.The treatment of tonsillitis consit of pain management medications . Aspirin ,Panadol and lozenges,gargling with a solution of warm water and salt may reduce pain and swelling . (pan da hai ) can help to alleviate the symptoms.Well , if someone suffering from it ,try to avoid milk , ice cream , yogurt and so on.生詞： Tonsillitis n 扁桃體炎 rash n 疹，疹子 flush v 發(fā)紅，漲紅 lozenge n 小塊扁糖，尤指潤(rùn)喉糖 garge n 漱口藥 v 漱口參考資料：1 Tonsillitis - What is Tonsillitis?Tonsillitis is mostly caused by a virus and is often precededby a cold (a runny nose, cough and sore eyes). Fewer cases (about one in seven) are caused by bacteria. The most commontype of bacteria involved is streptococcus (also known asstrep throat).There are 2 main types of tonsillitis: acute and chronic. Acute tonsillitis can either be bacterial or viral in origin. Subacute tonsillitis is caused by the bacterium Actinomyces. Chronic tonsillitis, which can last for long periods if not treated, is mostly caused by bacterial infection.The tonsils are areas of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat. Most commonly, the term tonsils refers to the palatine tonsils that can be seen in the back of the throat.They may become so overwhelmed by bacterial or viral infection that they swell and become inflamed, causing tonsillitis. The infection may also be present in the throat and surrounding areas, causing inflammation of the pharynx. The pharynx is in the back of the throat, between the tonsils and the voicebox (larynx). Tonsillitis is extremely common, particularly in children.2 Introduction to tonsillitis:If you look into your childs throat, you might see what look like small, dimpled, pink golf balls on either side of the throat. These are the tonsils.The tonsils are the visible part of the immune systems ring of protection that surrounds the back of the throat. This immune tissue stands guard to protect your childs lungs and intestines from foreign invaders. The adenoids, the other famous part of this ring, are hidden out of site above.Tonsils are normally large during childhood, but they can cause trouble when they become infected or grow too large.3 What is tonsillitis?Tonsillitis is the name given to swollen, red, and tender tonsils. This is usually caused by an infection of the tonsils. The most common causes of tonsillitis are viral infections. Many of the viruses are the same as those that cause the common cold.Coxsackievirus can cause painful tonsillitis with a high fever and decreased appetite, sometimes with a rash as well. Mononucleosis can also cause severe tonsillitis.Bacterial infections are important causes of tonsillitis, even though they are less common. Streptococcus is the most common type of bacteria involved. Tonsillitis overlaps with strep throat and other sore throats. When a child has a sore throat, either the tonsils may be red and swollen, or other parts of the throat may be red and swollen or both.4 Who gets tonsillitis?Tonsillitis is not common before the first birthday. It tends to peak in the years surrounding kindergarten, but can occur throughout childhood and even in adult life.5 What are the symptoms of tonsillitis?Generally, children with tonsillitis have a sore throat and pain with swallowing. Babies and toddlers may simply refuse to eat or drink because of the throat pain. There may also be some difficulty with swallowing or breathing. You might notice snoring or mouth breathing, accompanied by a dry mouth and mouth odor. Sleep disturbances sometimes result in bed-wetting (enuresis). Decreased appetite, fatigue, and swollen glands in the neck are also common.The specific symptoms of tonsillitis will depend largely on the underlying cause. Tonsillitis caused by an upper respiratory virus, for instance, may start gradually and be accompanied by nasal congestion. On the other hand, tonsillitis caused by strep might start suddenly with a high fever.6 Is tonsillitis contagious?Most forms of tonsillitis are contagious and are spread by droplet transmission.7 How long does tonsillitis last?The length of tonsillitis depends largely on the underlying causeMost viral tonsillitis tends to last a matter of days; strep tonsillitis for up to a couple of weeks, and tonsillitis caused by mononucleosis commonly lasts for weeks or months.Sometimes bacterial tonsillitis will last for months, even with appropriate antibacterial therapy. 8 How is tonsillitis diagnosed?Tonsillitis can be diagnosed with a history and physical exam. A throat culture and/or rapid strep test are important to identify the cause, especially if antibiotics are being considered. A mono test, and other specific blood tests, may be indicated if the cause is not clear.9 How is tonsillitis treated?Taking out the tonsils for tonsillitis used to be common. Today, most cases of viral tonsillitis are managed by watching and waiting (while treating the pain and fever). Tonsillitis will be treated with antibiotics if bacteria appear to be the cause. The longer that tonsillitis lasts, the more likely that it will require stronger treatment. In some circumstances, steroids are used to reduce tonsil swelling.The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends removing the tonsils under some conditions:1. If the enlarged tonsils cause sleep apnea (inadequate breathing while asleep, often accompanied by snoring)2. If the enlarged tonsils cause significant difficulty with swallowing or breathingThe American Academy of Pediatrics considers tonsillectomy a reasonable option under certain other conditions:1. If a child has seven episodes of strep throat or other significant throat inf