牛津英語(yǔ)8b被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講練結(jié)合.doc

牛津英語(yǔ) 8b 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講練結(jié)合教學(xué)提綱與過程一、基本情況：英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。二、構(gòu)成：陳述句：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化）肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞否定句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一般疑問句：Be+主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問式+？三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：1不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。2沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。3只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本步驟：1.將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的介詞by的賓語(yǔ)2.將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成“助動(dòng)詞be+該動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”注意時(shí)態(tài)不變3.助動(dòng)詞要與新的主語(yǔ)保持“數(shù)”的一致；若主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，“格”應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的變化。如：Theworkersmakemachinesinthisfactory.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)其他成分Machinesaremadebytheworkersinthisfactory.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)by的賓語(yǔ)其他成分五、各種形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：（一）、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Alotofbooksarekeptinourschoollibrary.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Athiefwascaughtlastnight.Theywereaskedtospeakatthemeeting.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞am/is/are+being+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Anewlibraryisbeingputupintheschoolnow.Themachinesarebeingrepaired.4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+will/begoingto+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞TheOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingin2008.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+have/has+been+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Mybaghasbeenstolen.Thisairporthasneverbeenused.(二)、雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：（1）含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，常把那個(gè)指人的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)（2）也可把指物的直接賓語(yǔ)用作主語(yǔ)，但此時(shí)必須在間接賓語(yǔ)前面加上介詞to或for。1.Hegavemeapen.Iwasgivenapenbyhim.Apenwasgiventomebyhim.2.Shedrewthemapictureyesterday.Theyweredrawnapictureyesterday.Apicturewasdrawnforthemyesterday.注意：give,pass,lend,write,showtell等動(dòng)詞后的介詞用todraw,buy,make,find,cook,keep等動(dòng)詞后的介詞用for（三）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：若主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”則變?yōu)椤百e作主，賓補(bǔ)變主補(bǔ)”IaskedhimtohelpmewithmyEnglish.HewasaskedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.注意：感覺動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)句中其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，但變被動(dòng)句時(shí)to必須還原。Thebossmadeherworkfor16hoursaday.Shewasmadetoworkfor16hoursbyherbossaday.類似的詞有：ask,tell,invent,except,warn,advise,make,let,hear,see,watch,feel,notice.但類似seesb.doingsth.的句子時(shí)則這樣變：Ihearhimreadingintheroom.Hewasheardreadingintheroombyme.特殊情況的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1.帶雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)詞+sb(間賓)+sth(直賓)口訣：如遇雙賓語(yǔ)，一般變間賓，若把直賓變，to/for間賓連。1).give/pass/show與介詞to搭配。givesbsthsb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.2).buy/make/cook與介詞for搭配。buysbsthsb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsbHegavemeabookI_abookbyhim.Abook_mebyhim.Mymothermademeacake.I_acakebymymotherAcake_mebymymother.2.帶省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)詞+sb+dosth.口訣：感使動(dòng)詞真叫怪，to來(lái)to去記心懷，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to離去，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to回來(lái)。動(dòng)詞：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watchmakesbdosth-sb+be+made+todosthThebossmadetheworkersworkalldayTheworkers_workalldaybytheboss.3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)doing不變。IheardTomsingingjustnowTom_bymejustnow.4.以動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould_.有些詞組沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewellwashwell（四）、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：有些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但要注意，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的詞組，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉詞組末尾的介詞或副詞。1.Theteacherstakegoodcareofthechildren.Thechildrenaretakengoodcareof(bytheteachers).2.Theyhavesentforthedoctor.Thedoctorhasbeensentfor.(五)、含有情動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(hadbetter,wouldlike,haveto,beableto,begoingto)構(gòu)成：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”Wemustplanttrees.Treesmustbeplanted.肯定句：Bookscanbetakenoutofthelibrary.否定句：Bookscantbetakenoutofthelibrary.疑問句：Canbooksbetakenoutofthelibrary?(六)、以下情況的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：不及物動(dòng)詞及部分短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組(takeplace;happen;breakout;belongto)沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)闆]有賓語(yǔ)可變作主語(yǔ)。Thestoryhappenedin1999.Afirebrokeoutinhishouse.Thedictionarybelongstome.ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextMonday.=ThemeetingwillbeheldnextMonday.2表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞（cost;last;takehave;sell;fit;become等）不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thepencostsfiveyuan.Coldweatherlastslong.Thiskindofdictionarysellswell.3.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不可分割的整體時(shí)。Wehadaswimintheriveryesterday.Theteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.4.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式或Ving時(shí)。Iwanttowritealetter.Shefinishedreadingthebook.5.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)。Youshouldtakecareofyourself.Theyoftenhelpeachother.6.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)起狀語(yǔ)作用時(shí)，表示數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度、大小、程度、地點(diǎn)、或處所及方位之類時(shí)。Thecoatcost100yuan.（表數(shù)量）Ipaidtenyuanforthedictionary.7.當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)。look,seem,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,turn,become,keep,is,fall等）Helooksworried.Theflowerssmellgood.一、單項(xiàng)選擇：( )1.English_inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken( )2.ThisEnglishsong_bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung( )3.Thiskindofcar_inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade( )4.Newcomputers_allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused( )5.Ourroommust_clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep( )6.Anewhouse_atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding( )7.Doctors_ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed( )8.Japanese_ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking( )9.Thesepapers_yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten( )10.Thesportsmeeting_behelduntilnextweek.A.didntB.wontC.isntD.doesnt( )11._thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are( )12._thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do( )13.Why_totalkaboutityesterday?A.didntameetingholdB.wasntameetingheldC.wasntheldameetingD.ameetingwasntheld( )14.Whowasthebook_?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby( )15.Where_theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am( )16.Theflowers_often. A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater( )17.Thebooksmay_fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow( )18.Theteachermadehim_hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done( )19.Theboy_streetswithoutpayingintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean( )20.Thesechildren_dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto( )21.Greatchanges_inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace( )22.Greatchanges_inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened( )23.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone_.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken( )24.Thestorybooks_bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting( )25.Whattime_thedoor_everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close( )26.Theapple_verysweet.A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting( )27.You_morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat( )28.Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed_.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned( )29.Thebrokenbike_herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended( )30.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown_nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt( )31.Theplay_atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown( )32.Nowthesemagazines_inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept( )33.Tea_inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow( )34.Wetclothesareoften_upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.