學(xué)生演講稿 TED演講：學(xué)校扼殺了學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性.doc

TED演講：學(xué)校扼殺了學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性 英國人，爵士，國際知名的創(chuàng)新、創(chuàng)造力與人力資源專家。他是一名激情的演講家，廣受歡迎，善于以詼諧、激情與機智的方式傳遞深奧的知識，他告訴全世界的受眾，在全球經(jīng)濟的新形勢下，商業(yè)、教育與組織的需求如何變化。下面是小編為大家收集關(guān)于TED演講：學(xué)校扼殺了學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性，歡迎借鑒參考。 中英對照演講稿 Good morning. How areyou?Its been great, hasnt it? Ive been blown away by the whole thing. Infact, Im leaving.There have been three themes running through the conferencewhich are relevant to what I want to talk about. 早上好. 還好嗎?很好吧,對不對? 我已經(jīng)飄飄然了! 我要飄走了.(笑聲) 這次會議有三個主題這三個主題貫穿會議始終,并且和我要談的內(nèi)容有關(guān)。 One is the extraordinaryevidence of human creativity in all of the presentations that weve had and inall of the people here. Just the variety of it and the range of it. 其中之一就是人類創(chuàng)造力的偉大例證 這些例證已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)在之前的演講當(dāng)中以及在座各位的身上. 從這些例證中我們看到了創(chuàng)新的多樣化 和多領(lǐng)域. The secondis that its put us in a place where we have no idea whats going to happen, interms of the future. No idea how this may play out. 第二點- 這些創(chuàng)新也讓我們意識到我們不知道未來會發(fā)生什么 完全不知道 未來會如何 I have an interest ineducation. Actually, what I find is everybody has an interest in education.Dont you? I find this very interesting. If youre at a dinner party, and yousay you work in education - Actually, youre not often at dinner parties,frankly. 我對教育感興趣，事實上，我發(fā)現(xiàn)每個人都對教育感興趣難道不是嗎? 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這很有趣 如果你參加一個晚宴,你說 你在教育部門工作坦白的講，如果你在教育部門工作，事實上你不會經(jīng)常參加晚宴, If you work in education,youre not asked.And youre never askedback, curiously. Thats strange to me. But if you are, and you say to somebody,you know, they say, What do you do? 所以你不會被問及你是做哪行的。你永遠不會被問到，很奇怪。 但是如果你被問及， 他們問:你從事什么行業(yè)? and you say you work ineducation, you can see the blood run from their face. Theyre like, Oh myGod, you know, Why me?My one night outall week.But if you ask abouttheir education, they pin you to the wall. 你說你在教育部門工作 你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們漲紅了臉,那意思好像是 我的天啊，為什么讓我碰上?整整一周我才出來一次 但如果你要他們談?wù)勊麄兊氖芙逃?jīng)歷， 他們會把你釘?shù)綁ι? Because its one of those thingsthat goes deep with people, am I right? Like religion, and money and otherthings. So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do. We have ahuge vested interest in it, partly because its education thats meant to takeus into this future that we cant grasp. 因為這些事情都涉及 個人的隱私,對嗎?比如宗教信仰,薪水等 我對教育特別感興趣,我認為我們都是如此。我們對此有巨大的既得利益，部分因為教育旨在，將我們帶入我們無法掌握的未來。 If you think of it, children startingschool this year will be retiring in 2065. Nobody has a clue, despite all theexpertise thats been on parade for the past four days, what the world willlook like in five years time. 大家想想,今年入學(xué)的小孩 2065將退休. 沒人知道會怎樣-雖然過去四天會議進程里都是關(guān)于這方面的專業(yè)討論- 但我們還是無法預(yù)知這個世界 五年后的樣子。 And yet were meant to be educating them for it.So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary.And the third part ofthis is that weve all agreed, nonetheless, on the really extraordinarycapacities that children have - their capacities for innovation. 這就是為何我們要讓這些孩子接受教育。我認為正是未來的不確定性決定其非同尋常。第三點就是我們都認同一個觀點- 這些孩子的特別之處正是他們的創(chuàng)新能力。 I mean,Sirena last night was a marvel, wasnt she? Just seeing what she could do. Andshes exceptional, but I think shes not, so to speak, exceptional in the wholeof childhood. What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication who found a talent. 我覺得昨晚Sirena的表現(xiàn)令人驚奇， 對嗎? 她很出色，但是我認為她在孩提時代時沒顯得與眾不同?，F(xiàn)在的教育提倡的是一個有奉獻精神的老師能發(fā)現(xiàn)一個天才學(xué)生。 And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents. And wesquander them, pretty ruthlessly. So I want to talk abouteducation and I want to talk about creativity. My contention is that creativitynow is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with thesame status. 但我認為,所有孩子都是偉大的天才。 而我們卻無情地扼殺了他們的才能。 所以我想談?wù)劷逃?創(chuàng)造力。我認為創(chuàng)造力和文化知識在教育中占同樣比重， 所以這兩方面我們應(yīng)同等對待。 Thank you.That was it, by the way.Thank you very much.So, 15 minutes left.Well, I was born. no.I heard a great storyrecently - I love telling it - of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson. 謝謝。而且， 非常感謝。還剩15分鐘。我出生于-說錯了.最近我聽到一個很不錯的故事-我很愿意講講這個故事- 說的是一個小女孩正在上繪畫課。 She was six, and she was at the back, drawing, and the teacher said this girlhardly ever paid attention, and in this drawing lesson, she did. The teacherwas fascinated. She went over to her, and she said, What are youdrawing? 小女孩只有六歲她坐在教室的后排，正在畫畫， 而她的老師評價她幾乎從不 注意聽講，但在繪畫課上她卻聽得很認真。老師饒有興趣地走過去 問她：你在畫什么? And the girl said, Im drawing a picture of God. Andthe teacher said, But nobody knows what God looks like. And thegirl said, They will, in a minute. 她說：我畫的是上帝。 老師說：可是沒人知道上帝長什么樣。 這時小女孩說：他們馬上就能知道上帝的樣子了。 When my son was four inEngland - Actually, he was four everywhere, to be honest.If were being strictabout it, wherever he went, he was four that year. He was in the Nativity play.Do you remember the story? 我兒子四歲時在英國- 實際上他那會兒在哪都四歲.嚴格地說他四歲那年在哪個國家記不清了，只記得他四歲那年 去演舞臺劇基督誕生 你們記得那部劇的情節(jié)嗎? No, it was big, it was abig story. Mel Gibson did the sequel, you may have seen it.Nativity II.But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about. We consideredthis to be one of the lead parts. 應(yīng)該記不得，情節(jié)太長。 故事太長。梅爾.吉布森演過那部劇的續(xù)集。 你們也許看過，叫基督誕生II。我兒子James在那部舞臺劇里演Joseph, 我們?yōu)榇撕芘d奮。 我們以為那是個主要角色。 We had the place crammed full of agents inT-shirts: James Robinson IS Joseph!He didnt have tospeak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in? They come in bearinggifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh. This really happened. 我們給觀眾們發(fā)了T恤： 上面印著James Robinson 扮演 Joseph他的角色不一定有臺詞，劇情是 三個國王拿著禮物走進來 他們分別拿著黃金，乳香精油，沒藥精油。演出開始了。 We were sitting there and I think they just went out of sequence, because we talked to thelittle boy afterward and we said, You OK with that? And he said,Yeah, why? Was that wrong? They just switched. The three boys camein, four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads, 我們坐在觀眾席上 我認為他們應(yīng)該按順序出場， 演出結(jié)束后我們對James說： 你們剛才演的對嗎?他說：對啊，怎么了，哪錯了嗎?其實他們把劇情改了。 他們是這么演的：三個小演員出場， 四歲的小家伙們頭上戴著擦杯子用的毛巾, and they put these boxes down, and the first boy said, I bring you gold. And the second boysaid, I bring you myrrh. And the third boy said, Frank sentthis. 他們放下手上拿的盒子 第一個孩子說：我?guī)砹它S金。 第二個孩子說：我?guī)砹藳]藥精油。第三個孩子說：Frank帶來了這個 What these things have incommon is that kids will take a chance. If they dont know, theyll have a go.Am I right? Theyre not frightened of being wrong. I dont mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative. 以上例子的共同點就是孩子們愿意冒險。 對于未知的事物，他們愿意去嘗試。 難道不是嗎?即使嘗試的結(jié)果是錯誤的，他們也不懼怕。當(dāng)然，我并不認為錯誤的嘗試等同于創(chuàng)新。 What we do know is, if yourenot prepared to be wrong, youll never come up with anything original - ifyoure not prepared to be wrong. And by the time they get to be adults, mostkids have lost that capacity. 但我們都知道 如果你不打算做錯誤的嘗試 你永遠不會創(chuàng)造出新東西。 如果你不想讓孩子們做錯誤的嘗試，等他們長大了，多數(shù)孩子就會喪失創(chuàng)新的能力。 They have become frightened of being wrong. Andwe run our companies like this. We stigmatize mistakes. And were now running national education systems where mistakes are the worst thing you can make. And the result is that we are educating people out of their creative capacities. 那就會使他們也變得懼怕錯誤的嘗試。 這種情況也存在于公司經(jīng)營方面。 我們不能容忍任何錯誤。這就使得現(xiàn)在的教育體系成為最不能容忍錯誤的領(lǐng)域。 這樣做的后果就是我們的教育體制正在扼殺孩子們的創(chuàng)造力。甚至可以說，是我們所受的教育讓我們喪失了創(chuàng)造力。 But something strikes you when you move to America and travel around the world: Every education system on Earth has the same hierarchy of subjects. Every one. Doesnt matter where you go. 但搬到美國后，有些事使我印象深刻 如果你周游世界 你會發(fā)現(xiàn)每個國家的教育體系都存在相同的學(xué)科等級制度。沒有例外。不論哪個國家。 Youd think it would be other wise, but it isnt. At the top are mathematicsand languages, then the humanities, and at the bottom are the arts. Everywhereon Earth. And in pretty much every system too, theres a hierarchy within thearts. 你認為也許會有例外，但沒有。排在最前面的學(xué)科是數(shù)學(xué)和語言，接下去是人文學(xué)科，藝術(shù)排在最后。世界上所有國家都是如此。而且相同的還有就是在藝術(shù)學(xué)科范圍內(nèi)也有等級制。 Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools than dramaand dance. There isnt an education system on the planet that teaches danceeveryday to children the way we teach them mathematics. 通常學(xué)校把美術(shù)課和音樂課看的較重要 然后是戲劇課和舞蹈課。沒有哪個國家的教育體系 天天安排舞蹈課 但卻每天都安排數(shù)學(xué)課。 Why? Why not? I thinkthis is rather important. I think math is very important, but so is dance.Children dance all the time if theyre allowed to, we all do. We all have bodies, dont we? Did I miss a meeting? 為什么?為什么不呢?我認為舞蹈課很重要。 我認為舞蹈課和數(shù)學(xué)課同樣重要。 如果有允許，孩子們會不停地跳舞，我們也一樣。 我們都有體會，對嗎? If you were to visiteducation, as an alien, and say Whats it for, public education? I think youd have to conclude, if you look at the output, who really succeeds bythis, who does everything that they should, 如果你以一個外國人的身份來參觀我們的教育體系， 帶著這樣的問題：公辦教育的目的是什么?那么當(dāng)你看到我們的教育體系產(chǎn)業(yè)化的發(fā)展，我相信，你就會明白 是誰在真正從中受益， 是誰被教導(dǎo)著該做什么不該做什么， who gets all the brownie points,who are the winners - I think youd have to conclude the whole purpose ofpublic education throughout the world is to produce university professors.Isnt it? 是誰得了滿分，誰是第一名- 關(guān)于公辦教育的目的，我想你會得出這樣的結(jié)論 世界上所有的公辦教育 都以培養(yǎng)大學(xué)教授為目的。難道不是嗎? Theyre the people who come out the top. And I used to be one, so there.And I like university professors,but you know, we shouldnt hold them up as the high-water mark of all humanachievement. 因為大學(xué)教授是象牙塔尖上的人。我也曾是一名大學(xué)教授，也是塔尖上的人。我傾慕大學(xué)教授的學(xué)識，但 我們不應(yīng)該用這樣一個頭銜作為衡量一個人成功與否的分水嶺。 Theyre just a form of life, another form of life. But theyrerather curious, and I say this out of affection for them. Theres somethingcurious about professors in my experience - not all of them, but typically,they live in their heads. 其實大學(xué)教授只是360行中的一行， 只不過他們比較好求知， 我這樣說不是因為對他們的傾慕。 在我看來，大學(xué)教授有個特點- 雖然不是共性，但很典型-他們只用腦子生活。 They live up there, and slightly to one side. Theyredisem bodied, you know, in a kind of literal way. They look upon their body as aform of transport for their heads.Dont they? Its a way ofgetting their head to meetings. 而且偏重于大腦的一側(cè)。用書面語來說就是-他們腦體分離。 他們只是把身體當(dāng)作 大腦的載體而已，難道不是嗎? (笑聲)這個載體可以載著大腦去開會。 If you want real evidenceof out-of-body experiences, get yourself along to a residential conference ofsenior academics, and pop into the discotheque on the final night.And there, you will seeit. Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat. 如果你想親身體驗 你就去參加一次會議 -學(xué)術(shù)研討會，然后在會議結(jié)束后再去迪廳蹦迪。 (笑聲)在那你會看到，成年男女在不和樂拍地瘋狂搖擺。 Waiting until it ends sothey can go home and write a paper about it.Our education system ispredicated on the idea of academic ability. And theres a reason. Around theworld, there were no public systems of education, really, before the 19thcentury. 期待夜晚的結(jié)束好回家寫篇關(guān)于蹦迪的論文。注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)術(shù)能力的觀點根植于我們的教育體系之中。 形成這種狀況還有個原因- 所有國家的教育體系在最初建立時 也就是在19世紀(jì)之前-那時教育還不是公共事業(yè)。 They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism. So thehierarchy is rooted on two ideas.Number one, that the mostuseful subjects for work are at the top. 那時建立教育體系 是為了滿足工業(yè)化發(fā)展的需要。 所以有兩點基本的等級原則。 第一點，對工作最實用的科目是最重要的科目。 So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school when you were a kid, things you liked, on thegrounds that you would never get a job doing that. Is that right? Dont domusic, youre not going to be a musician; dont do art, you wont be an artist. 這樣就能輕易地避開孩子們喜歡的科目，從小就不讓他們碰觸。 理由就是 不這樣學(xué)就找不到工作。對嗎? 別玩音樂了，你成不了音樂家; 別畫畫了，你成不了藝術(shù)家。 Benign advice - now, profoundly mistaken. The whole world is engulfed in arevolution.And the second isacademic ability, which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence,because the universities designed the system in their image. 這些溫和的忠告-筑成現(xiàn)在的大錯。全世界都被卷入了工業(yè)革命的熱潮。 第二點，學(xué)術(shù)能力已經(jīng)成為 衡量好學(xué)生的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是那些大學(xué)自己制定的。 If you think ofit, the whole system of public education around the world is a protractedprocess of university entrance. And the consequence is that manyhighly-talented, brilliant, creative people think theyre not, 只要你思考一下就會發(fā)現(xiàn)整個教育體系 不論哪個國家的公共教育都是一種按部就班的程序 最終目標(biāo)是為了考入大學(xué)。造成的后果就是許多很有天才的有創(chuàng)造力的學(xué)生被鈍化了。 because thething they were good at at school wasnt valued, or was actually stigmatized.And I think we cant afford to go on that way. 因為這些學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的專長在學(xué)校 并不受重視甚至還受到蔑視。 我認為我們不能再這樣扼殺孩子們的天才了。 By the way, theres ashaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain called the corpuscallosum. Its thicker in women. Following off from Helen yesterday, this isprobably why women are better at multi-tasking. Because you are, arent you? 大腦本來就是 由神經(jīng)來連接左腦和右腦 這個連接部分叫胼胝體。女性大腦中的這個部分比男性的要厚。昨天聽了Helen的演講受到啟發(fā)，我認為 腦部特征可能使女性更善于應(yīng)對頭緒紛亂的事情。 對嗎? Theres a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life. If my wife iscooking a meal at home - which is not often, thankfully. 雖然關(guān)于這方面的研究有很多，但我對于這方面的了解其實來源于我的親身體驗。我妻子在家做飯時- 感謝上帝，她不常做飯， No, shes good at somethings, but if shes cooking, shes dealing with people on the phone, shestalking to the kids, shes painting the ceiling, shes doing open-heart surgeryover here. 雖然她不擅廚藝但很擅長其他一些事- 不過她做飯時總是 打打電話，和孩子們說說話，給天棚刷刷漆， 還在旁邊做開胸手術(shù)。 If Im cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out, the phones onthe hook, if she comes in I get annoyed. I say, Terry, please, Im tryingto fry an egg in here.Give me abreak. 而我做飯時就會關(guān)上廚房門，不讓孩子們進來打擾，不打電話，這時如果我妻子進來我會很生氣。 我會這樣對我妻子說：Terry，我在煎雞蛋，請你別打擾。 Actually, do you know that old philosophical thing, if a tree falls in a forest and nobody hears it,did it happen? Remember that old chestnut? I saw a great t-shirt recently,which said, If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him,is he still wrong? 大家都知道那句有哲理的話- 如果森林里有棵樹倒了可沒人聽到， 那是否意味著沒發(fā)生過?記得這句話嗎? 最近我看到一件很棒的T恤，上面印著：如果一個男人說出他的心聲 卻是在森林里說的，而且沒被女人聽到， 那應(yīng)該不算犯錯吧? And the third thing aboutintelligence is, its distinct. Im doing a new book at the moment calledEpiphany, which is based on a series of interviews with peopleabout how they discovered their talent. 培養(yǎng)好學(xué)生的第三個原則就是- 個性化。我目前在寫本書- 書名叫頓悟，素材來自一些 訪談，訪談內(nèi)容是關(guān)于怎樣發(fā)現(xiàn) 自身的才能。 Im fascinated by how people got to be there.Its really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman who maybemost people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne. Have you heard of her? Somehave. 對于這點我很感興趣。 激發(fā)我寫這本書的原因是一次對話我采訪了一位很優(yōu)秀的女士，也許很多人 沒聽說過這個人，她叫Gillian Lynne, 你們知道這個人嗎?應(yīng)該有人知道吧。 Shes a choreographer, and everybody knows her work. She didCats and Phantom of the Opera. Shes wonderful. I usedto be on the board of The Royal Ballet, as you can see. Anyway, Gillian and Ihad lunch one day and I said, 她是一個舞蹈編劇所有人都知道她的作品。 她編舞的作品有貓、歌劇魅影。 她很有才華。我在英國看過由皇家芭蕾舞團演出的她的作品。 你們也看過她的作品。 有一次，我和Gillian 吃午飯，我問她： How did you get to be a dancer? It was interesting.When she was at school, she was really hopeless. And the school,in the 30s, wrote to her parents and said, We think Gillian has alearning disorder. She couldnt concentrate; she was fidgeting. Gillian,你是怎樣成為舞蹈家的?她回答說：說起來很有意思，她上學(xué)的時候， 覺得自己完全沒有希望。她上學(xué)那會兒是1930年代， 老師給她家長寫信說：我們認為 Gillian患有學(xué)習(xí)障礙癥。她無法集中注意力，她老是坐不安生。 I think now theyd say she had ADHD. Wouldnt you? But this was the 1930s, and ADHDhadnt been invented at this point. It wasnt an available condition.People werent aware theycould have that. 用現(xiàn)在的話講，那意思就是 她有多動癥。你們也這么想吧?但那時候是1930年代， 多動癥這個詞還沒出現(xiàn)。 那個老師用詞不當(dāng)。那時候人們還不知道用多動癥這個詞。 What I think it comes tois this: Al Gore spoke the other night about ecology and the revolution thatwas triggered by Rachel Carson. 現(xiàn)在，我想說的是-AL Gore 曾在這里做過一次演講 內(nèi)容是關(guān)于生態(tài)學(xué)以及RachelCarson引發(fā)的那次