學(xué)術(shù)英語(人文社科類)UnitVIP

5 SociologyMattersCulturesallsharecertainbasiccharacteristicsdespitedifferences Inthisunitwewillseehowthosecharacteristicschangeasculturesdevelop andhowculturesinfluenceoneanotherthroughtheirtechnological commercial andartisticachievements TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysisAnalyzingthetextbyexplainingkeyterms1Culture thetotalityoflearned sociallytransmittedcustoms knowledge materialobjects andbehavior Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis2Culturaluniversals adaptationstomeetessentialhumanneeds suchaspeople sneedforfood shelter andclothinge g athleticsports cooking funeralceremonies medicine andsexualrestrictions AnthropologistGeorgeMurdock Para 2 Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis theprocessofintroducinganewideaorobjecttoaculture 1 discovery makingknownorsharingtheexistenceofsomeaspectofrealitye g thefindingoftheDNAmolecule identificationofanewmoonofSaturn Para 5 2 invention aninventionresultswhenexistingculturalitemsarecombinedintoaformthatdidnotexistbefore e g thebowandarrow automobile theInternet Para 5 3Innovation Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis4Globalization theworldwideintegrationofgovernmentpolicies cultures socialmovements andfinancialmarketsthroughtradeandtheexchangeofidease g StarbucksinChina Para 6 Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis5Diffusion theprocessbywhichaculturalitemspreadsfromgrouptogrouporsocietytosociety e g Diffusioncanoccurthroughavarietyofmeans exploration militaryconquest missionarywork theinfluenceorthemassmedia tourism andtheInternet Para 7 Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis6McDonaldization theprocessthroughwhichtheprinciplesofthefast foodrestauranthavecometodominatecertainsectorsofsociety bothintheUnitedStatesandthroughouttheworld Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA McDonaldizationisassociatedwiththemeltingofcultures Examples InJapan Africanentrepreneurshavefoundathrivingmarketforhip popfashionspopularizedbyteensintheUnitedStates Para 9 InAustria theMcDonald sorganizationhasdrawnonAustrians loveofcoffee cake andconversationtocreatetheMcCafefast foodchain Para 9 Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA Insomesocieties McDonaldizationhasmetresistancetotheinvasionoftoomuchculturefromothercountries Examples InCanada 35 ofastation sdaytimeradioprogrammingisrequiredbedevotedtoCanadiansongsorartists Para 10 InBrazil Barbie spopularityhasbeeneclipsedbySusi adollthatlooksmorelikeBraziliangirls Para 10 Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis7Technology culturalinformationabouthowtousethematerialresourcesoftheenvironmenttosatisfyhumanneedsanddesirese g Technologyhasincreasedthespeedofculturaldiffusionandbroadenedthedistributionofculturalelements Para 11 Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis8Materialculture thephysicalortechnologicalaspectsofourdailylives includingfooditems houses factories andrawmaterials Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis9Nonmaterialculture waysofusingmaterialobjectsandcustoms beliefs philosophies governments andpatternsofcommunicationItismoreresistanttochangethanmaterialculture Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis10Culturallag theperiodofmaladjustmentwhenthenonmaterialcultureisstillstrugglingtoadapttonewmaterialconditionse g theethicsofusingtheInternet suchasissuesconcerningprivacyandcensorship Para 12 Unit5SociologyMatters Collocation TextA Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose 人們對衣食住的需求推出新概念解除現(xiàn)有的工作關(guān)系改變社會傳統(tǒng)和習(xí)俗 Task1TranslatethefollowingexpressionsrelatedtosociologyintoEnglish P96 people sneedforfood shelter andclothing introducinganewidea sweepawayexistingworkingrelationships transformthetraditionsandcustomsofthesociety Unit5SociologyMatters 1 TextA Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose dilutethedistinctiveaspectsofasociety sculture theculturalinvasionfromothercountries satisfyhumanneedsanddesires issuesconcerningprivacyandcensorship 削弱社會文化中的特殊方面來自于其他國家的文化侵略滿足人類的需求和欲望關(guān)于隱私和審查的問題 Collocation Task1TranslatethefollowingexpressionsrelatedtosociologyintoEnglish P96 Unit5SociologyMatters 1 TextA 2 Task1Completethesentenceswiththecollocationsinthebox P97 Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose Collocation Unit5SociologyMatters humanneedsanddesireslevelofprivacymaterialculturesocialconsequencesworkingrelationshipworldwideintegration 2 TextA 2 Task1Completethesentenceswiththecollocationsinthebox P97 Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose Collocation Unit5SociologyMatters Internetusersmayachieveanadequate throughcontrolleddisclosureofpersonalinformation Thisbookpresentsacomprehensiveanalysisofthe ofpopulationdeclineandaginginJapan Sociologistsusetheterm globalization torefertotheresulting ofgovernmentpolicies cultures socialmovementsandfinancialmarkets levelofprivacy socialconsequences worldwideintegration 2 TextA Task1Completethesentenceswiththecollocationsinthebox P97 Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose Collocation Unit5SociologyMatters Afinalrecommendationoftheconsultantswasaradicalattempttoforgeacloser betweentheboardandstaffmembers Inthesocialsciences isatermthatreferstotherelationshipbetweenartifactsandsocialrelations AbrahamMaslowwrotehisHierarchyofNeedstheorywhereinheattemptedtodocumentthefivelevelsof humanneedsanddesires materialculture workingrelationship 2 Signpostlanguage maybeclassifiedinavarietyofwaysAttheessaylevel besortedintofunctionalgroupsDependinguponthepurposeorintentofthewriter Paragraphsmayalsobeclassified TextA Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose Task2ClassificationReadtheparagraphonPage98andunderlinesignpostlanguageofclassification Unit5SociologyMatters TextA Inacademicwriting claimsareoftencouchedintentativelanguage Thisisknownashedging Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose FormalEnglish Modalauxiliaryverbs can could may might should wouldOthermodalverbs appear look seem tendProbabilityadjectives likely possible probable unlikelyProbabilityadverbs perhaps possibly probably presumablyFrequencyadverbs generally occasionally often seldom usually Unit5SociologyMatters TextA 2 Task3Completethesentenceswithhedgingexpressions P98 Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose FormalEnglish Unit5SociologyMatters TheculturalpracticeslistedbyMurdock beuniversal butthemannerinwhichtheyareexpressedvariesfromculturetoculture Forexample onesociety letitsmemberschoosetheirownmarriagepartners Another encouragemarriagesarrangedbytheparents may may may TextA 2 Task3Completethesentenceswithhedgingexpressions P98 FormalEnglish Unit5SociologyMatters Globalization bede