Unit4Astronomy

Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 單元教學目標單元教學目標 技能目標技能目標 Skill Goals Talk about the science of the stars the development of life and space travel and gravity Practise giving instructions Practise talking abut problems in study or life Learn to use Noun Clauses as the subject Learn to write an essay to show your problems and the way to overcome them II 目標語言目標語言 功功 能能 句句 式式 Talk about the science of the stars the development of life and space travel and gravity Where do we come from How did the universe begin Why is the universe the way it was How will it end How much do you know about universe Do you want to have a space travel Do you know something about gravity Do you know something about black holes Practise giving instructions Please look at listen to Please check that You need Please pay attention to Don t forget to You d better Make sure you Watch out for You mustn t Practice talking about problems in study or life My problem is The difficulty is My trouble is The question is My advice is What I think about it is The fact is My suggestion is 詞詞 匯匯 1 四會詞匯四會詞匯 astronomy system religion theory atom billion globe violent carbon atmosphere unlike fundamental harmful acid chain multiply oxygen exist thus dioxide puzzle biology biologist gravity satellite gentle physicist climate crash spaceship pull float mass 2 認讀詞匯認讀詞匯 astronomer biochemistry geophysics solar Big Bang vapour nitrogen dissolve amphibian reptile generally mammal global comet Issac Newton Albert Einstein Stephen Hawking lessen weightlessly cabin exhaust exclaim 3 詞組詞組 solar system in time lay eggs give birth to in one s turn carbon dioxide prevent from block out cheer up now that break out watch out 語法語法 Noun Clauses as the subject Noun Clauses as the subject is also called the Subject Clause That means a Noun Clause serves as Subject in the sentence The words which are used in this Noun Clause are that whether who what which when where how why etc Example 1 What it was to become was a mystery 2 It was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not III 教材分析與教材重組教材分析與教材重組 1 教材分析 本單元以 astronomy the science of the stars the development of life space travel and gravity 為話題 通過本單元的幾篇閱讀材料使學生對以上問題有所了解 并通過文章中的一些探討性的問題 比如 The earth may become too hot for the lives on it Then what will our future be 使學生更好地了解我們的地球和我們的 生活環(huán)境 并引發(fā)對 地球的將來如何 的熱烈討論 通過這些討論激發(fā)學生對 天文學了解和探究的強烈興趣 通過討論登月球需要的物品和可能遇到的困難 學會提出問題和解決問題的表達方法 并能就此寫出一篇表達合理思路清晰的 短文 1 1 WARMING UP 以討論的形式通過三組問題引導(dǎo)學生討論邊緣科學 討 論科學的方法以及要成為真正的科學家所必須掌握的技能 1 2 PRE READING 主要讓學生弄清楚什么是科學思想 什么是宗教信仰 或文化傳統(tǒng) 在探討生命起源的科學道理之前 讓學生以聽故事或講故事的方 式 交流有關(guān)宇宙的起源的種種傳說 既有趣味性 又能調(diào)動學生的相關(guān)知識 激活學生的思維 1 3 READING 講述了地球上生命的起源 水的形成使得地球有別于其他星 球 它使得地球上生命的誕生成為可能 科學家認為 地球上的生命首先誕生 于水中 上百萬年后 陸地上才長出綠色植物 隨后出現(xiàn)了陸棲動物和水陸兩 棲動物 最初的動物靠孵化繁衍后代 后來出現(xiàn)了哺乳動物 人類也隨之誕生 了 文章最后講了令人深省的問題 The earth may become too hot for the lives on it 1 4 COMPREHENDING 通過四個選擇填空題檢測學生對本文核心問題的理 解 地球上生命的起源和延續(xù)需要哪些條件 隨后通過排序的方式幫助學生弄 清本文的行文線索 也就是地球上生命的起源和發(fā)展歷程 最后提出兩個問題 考查學生的深層理解和推斷能力 1 5 LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE 分詞匯和語法兩部分 其中 Discovering useful words and expressions 通過英文釋意 短文填空 詞語分類和 單項選擇等練習讓學生在語境中掌握和運用詞匯 Grammar 采用先發(fā)現(xiàn)后應(yīng)用 的學習方法 先通過到課文中找句子 讓學生認識主語從句 然后 設(shè)置一個 用一手機發(fā)短信息的情景 讓學生進行簡單句與主語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換練習 最 后設(shè)置情景來復(fù)習表語從句 1 6 USING LANGUAGE 由 Listening Reading 和 Speaking and Writing 三部 分交互組合而成 指導(dǎo)學生在聽和讀的輸入性學習之后 完成說和寫的輸出性 應(yīng)用練習 Listening 的內(nèi)容介紹三位科學巨匠 不僅通過聽力填表的形式訓(xùn)練 學生捕捉細節(jié)的能力 還通過四選一的方式幫助學生找主題思想 在解釋對與 錯的過程中 教師可以適當?shù)慕榻B一下概括主題的方法 Reading 是一個科幻小 故事 通過作者和作者的朋友乘宇宙飛船登月球的經(jīng)歷 介紹了重量 失重和 地球引力等科學道理 Speaking 以 Visiting the moon 為話題 要求學生討論登 月球需要攜帶的物品和在月球上可能遇到的困難 Writing 要求學生找出登月球 可能遇到的三個困難并找出克服這些困難的方法 在聽說讀寫綜合提高的同時 培養(yǎng)了學生的創(chuàng)新意識和實踐能力 2 教材重組 2 1 將 Warming up Pre reading Reading 和 Comprehending 四部分整合在一 起上一節(jié)閱讀課 2 2 將 Leaning about language 和 Workbook 中的 Using Words and expressions 以及 Using Structures 整合在一起上一節(jié)語法課 2 3 聽力 Using language 中的 Listening 與 Workbook 中 Listening 和 Listening task 三部分話題較為接近 其中 Listening 部分是介紹三位對地球引力 的認識做出巨大貢獻的科學偉人 在提高聽力的同時 為下文的 Reading 部分 作了鋪墊 Workbook 中 Listening 是關(guān)于轟動一時的航天英雄楊利偉的故事 通過聽力練習 讓學生了解作為宇航員所需要哪些素質(zhì) 而 Listening task 中的 聽力則是向?qū)W生展示 space travel 的潛在價值 既然三部分都在談?wù)撆c Astronomy 有關(guān)的內(nèi)容 所以放在一起處理比較合適 2 4 把 Using Language 中的 Speaking 和 Workbook 中的 Talking 和 Speaking task 放在一起整合成一節(jié)口語訓(xùn)練課 這幾部分涉及到本單元的功能 句 指導(dǎo)學生學會如何思考需要的東西 怎樣給別人以指示以及如何向別人問 問題 2 5 泛讀 是把 Using language 中的 Reading 和 Workbook 中的 Reading task 整合在一起 這兩部分利用 science fiction story 向讀者解釋 gravity 和 black hole 2 6 寫作練習是把 Using language 中的 Writing 和 Workbook 中的 Writing Task 以及 Project 整合在一起上一堂寫作練習課 3 課型設(shè)計與課時分配 經(jīng)教材分析 本單元可以用 6 課時教完 1st periodIntensive Reading 2nd periodLanguage study 3rd periodListening 4th periodExtensive Reading 5th periodSpeaking 6th periodWriting IV 分課時教案分課時教案 The First Period Intensive Reading Teaching goals 教學目標 1 Target language 目標語言 重點詞語 theory atom billion globe violent carbon atmosphere fundamental harmful acid multiply oxygen exist prevent dioxide 2 Ability goals 能力目標 a Enable Ss to talk about the science of the stars the development of life and space travel and gravity Where do we come from How did the universe begin Why is the universe the way it was How will it end How much do you know about universe Do you want to have a space travel Do you know something about gravity b Understand the text and answer the following questions What was there on the earth before life could begin Why do scientists think there has never been life on the moon Why did animals first appear in the seas Why did green plants help life to develop Why were mammals different from other animals c Enable the Ss to understand the details about the passage choosing the correct answer according to the text and put the order of development of life into a time line and answer questions d Retell the passage using key sentences 3 Learning ability goals 學能目標 Enable Ss to learn how to talk about the beginning of life on the earth Teaching important points 教學重點 a Talk about the beginning of life on the earth Why did animals first appear in the seas Why did green plants help life to develop b Discuss the order of development of life Teaching difficult points 教學難點 a Understand the beginning of life on the earth b Discuss the questions What will our future be if the earth may become too hot for the lives on it Why are humans the cleverest animals on the earth Teaching methods 教學方法 a Skimming and scanning b Asking and answering activity to check the Ss understanding of the text c Individual pair or group work to finish each task d Discussion Teaching aids 教具準備 A recorder a computer and a projector Teaching procedures the possible version below can be used as a material for both retelling and dictation Retelling The explosion of the earth produced water vapour which turned into water when the earth cooled down Water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas That made it possible for life to begin to develop The arrival of water1 small plants in water 2 shellfish and all sorts of fish3 green plants on land 4 insects on land 5 amphibians on land and in water 6 forests 7 reptiles on land 8 dinosaurs on land 9 mammals on land 10 small clever animals with hands and feet 11 human 4 insects on land 5 amphibians on land and in water small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish Many millions of years later the first green plants began to appear on land Later land animals appeared Some were insects Others call beginning with two questions so as to arouse the readers strong curiosity and interest 2 The passage tells the readers the scientific idea in order of time Water made everything possible on the earth Then all kinds of plants and animals appeared At last mankind rule the world but they are not taking care of the earth very well So the readers will think about a question carefully What will our earth be in the future 2 Writing Style The text is common science writing which tells the readers how the universe developed and how life began on the earth It provides a scientific background to any investigation into space and it s factual It s written in a formal way And all the information is based on scientific research 3 Main Idea Through the writer s clear description we know that how life began on the earth It s a long and slow process From the passage we know that earth is the best place for human to live on But humans didn t take good care of it in the past Now we are facing many environmental problems now What should we human do Everyone who reads the passage will think about this problem We should pay more attention to taking care of our earth Taking good care of the earth means taking good care of ourselves Step Homework Retell the passage according to the form Remember important language points Second period Extensive reading Read and then describe the three ways in which gravity changed for Li Yanping and how his weight changed 1 The pull of gravity became very strong she left the earth s atmosphere His weight is normal 2 It disappeared when he was in space He is weightless 3 It was very light when he was on the moon He weighs less than on earth Explanation 略 見課件 Third period Grammar What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence A tree has fallen across the road You are a student To find your way can be a problem Smoking is bad for you How do you do is a greeting What she said is not yet known That we shall be late is certain It is certain that we shall be late We can see from these sentences that a sentence serves as subject so we call it Subject Clause 主語從句 Noun Clauses as the Subject 定義 用作主語的從句叫主語從句 它是名詞性從句之一 引導(dǎo)主語從句的 連接詞有 連詞 that whether 連接代詞 who what 和 which 連接副詞 when where how 和 why 1 由 what 等代詞引起的主語從句 What the teacher said today was quite right 老師今天說的話是十分正確的 2 由連詞 that 引起的主語從句 That they are badly in need of help is quite clear 他們急需幫助 這是十分明顯的 但是這類句子在大多數(shù)情況下會放到整個句子的后部去 而用代詞 it 作形式主語 3 由連接代詞或連接副詞以及 whether 引起的主語從句 Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided 他們是否賣掉這所房子還沒有決定 4 whatever whoever 也可引導(dǎo)主語從句 Whatever was said here must be kept secret 這里說的話都應(yīng)當保密 Whoever makes mistakes must correct them 凡犯了錯誤的人都必須改正 注意 上述例句中的主語從句都是放在句首 但有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡 避免 頭重腳輕 常用 it 作形式主語 而把從句放在后面 例如 It is a pity that she has made such a mistake 她犯了這樣一個錯誤 真是遺憾 這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型 1 It is adj n 從句 It is a pity shame that 遺憾的是 It is possible that 很可能 It is unlikely that 不可能 2 It 不及物動詞 從句 It seems appears that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 3 It be 過去分詞 從句 It is said that 據(jù)說 It is known to all that 眾所周知 It is reported that 據(jù)報道 It is believed that 據(jù)信 人們相信 It is suggested that 有人建議 It must be pointed out that 必須指出 It has been proved that 已證明 如 It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed 據(jù)信 至少有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉 5 用于 It is important natural necessary impossible that 句型中 主語從 句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣 謂語動詞用 should 動詞原形 的形式 should 有時有感情