四六級作文課堂用講義完整版.docVIP

I 四級三類?？嫉淖魑奈捏w(六級還應(yīng)注意圖表作文)1 觀點式作文(給出某種現(xiàn)象或做法，要求作者闡述自己的觀點)關(guān)注：西部開發(fā)，學(xué)生貸款，學(xué)生品德等問題（建議：先陳述這一問題的重要性，再提出自己的觀點并闡述原因，或是提出解決辦法）2 感想式作文（先進(jìn)行場景描寫，然后給出作者的感想）關(guān)注：民工，乞丐，小偷，校園不道德行為（建議：先描寫天氣，再描寫場景，最后重點發(fā)表自己的感想）3應(yīng)用文寫作（包括演說、信函、便條等）注意：重在內(nèi)容，形式是次要的II寫作必備詞匯和句型：1，社會生活：political，Economy, economic； culture, cultural; tradition, traditional virtue, science and technology, develop(ment) society, social ； (to build a) frugal and harmonious atmosphere/society, frugality, inharmonious； environment-friendly, environmental protection2, 校園生活;, future, success(ful), succeed， failure, importance, significance, convenience, , unsuccessful ，obtain great attainments, obtain great achievement, reach higher attainments, convenience, confidence, accumulate/gain experience, A suggestion/ proposal/practice of great importance/significance/for the sake of, for the convenience of, broaden our horizons and expand our views, gain experience, spare no effort, sense of right and wrongmore or less , sooner or later, fewer and fewer attach more importance to, lay less/more emphasis on 3, 品德詞匯; conscience, morality, honesty，diligence, to the neglect of ones meals and sleep, spare no effort, integrity， contribution, contribute，physical, mental, spiritual health/civilization physical, mental, intelligent, psychology, psychological，selfless，A man of discipline/determination/wisdom/intelligence， Independence, confidence and determination contribute to success.負(fù)面意義詞匯：selfish, , conservative, luxury, fritter ones time and life away, laziness, tardiness, discrimination, have discrimination against practice/opinion/view , Laziness and tardiness cause failure. 提示：嘗試把以上詞匯盡量用到歷年的作文考題中去！III.觀點式作文開頭寫法1 To present the importance and significance of the topicThanks to/Due to the rapid advancement of society and the development of science and technology, ()are/is enjoying an increasing importance/significance in the modern world. () are/is an inseparable part of our life. No , no 2 to introduce the history and origin of the topicIV.寫信開頭寫法1，The very thought of writing the letter pushed me into a sweet memory /a bitter memory/ deep meditations. The happy hours we spent together flashed by in my mind. The terrible hours/scene carved in my mind forever. Different feelings(投訴信)/ideas（拒絕信） were conflicting with one another in my mind. 2, The very thought of writing this letter to you generates /yields/ in me a sensation/sense/feeling of excitement/sadness/gratitude.（中間部分承接句）The phenomenon can bring forth bad effects as well as good influences.On the one hand, on the other hand . recently, nowadays, currently, ;hence, ;therefore, For one thing, . for another thing The very sight/hearing/thought of the phenomenon/the picture generated/yields/aroused in me a sensation/sense/feeling of disgust/pride/happiness/humor/depression/frustrationThe very thought of the attitude/idea/proposal/practiceyielded in me a feeling of The phenomenon can cause negative influence as well as positive effects. This practice can bring forth advantages as well as disadvantages. This phenomenon yields/generated/created/arouses in me a sense/sensation/feeling of sadness/ happiness/ disgust /depression/ frustration/ humor/achievement/pride/belonging to the same family/community is a mixed blessing. On one hand, on the other hand,This phenomenon is like a sword of two blades. Just as the saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”, the sports can For one thing, for another thingThere has long been a public controversy over the issue of Some people firmly hold the belief that .Nevertheless, the majority are steadily convinced that （結(jié)尾部分歸納陳述自己觀點句）For my part, I strongly side with the former. In my opinion, its positive effects overtake/outweigh the negative influences/ it is meaningless/meaningfulI am steadily in favor of the latter attitude.I firmly stand for the latter idea. 舉例說明1 There are pros and cons on the practice of canceling college English oral test/ opening campus to outsiders. 2 As to the practice of opening university campus to visitors, there are pros and cons. 3 There are pros and cons on the suggestion/decision of students selecting lecturers. voice for and voice against a sword of two blades a coin of two sides. Opinions vary from individual to individual/from culture to cultureIn my opinion, the two above attitudes go to extremes. We should strike a balance between the two attitudes/practices/choices/opinions. V. 描寫性文章開頭寫法1 The sky was a sheet of murky grey, completely devoid of sunlight. The clouds were gathering strength; the thunder and lightening were threatening their way through clouds. A storm was on the way. I felt very depressed because I was on my way back to the college. 2 It is definitely a pleasant surprise to have such good weather in this season. The morning sun is peeking from the clouds, displaying its beautiful colors; birds are dancing to the breeze and butterflies are flirting with flowers. What a scene of hustle and bustle. 3 Feeling bored and weary, I usually fall asleep on bus. Yesterday afternoon on my way to the campus, I was suddenly awakened from my doziness by frightening screams: “Help! Help! Robbery!”/by very sweet music from a loud-speaker. No sooner had I turned my eyes to the sidewalks than I caught sight of a robbery/a touching scene. 2四級寫作的評分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn) CET-4作文題采用總體評分(Global Scoring)方法。從內(nèi)容和語言兩個方面對作文進(jìn)行綜合評判。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎勵分(Reward Scores)，而不是按語言點的錯誤數(shù)目扣分。具體的給分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下：作文題滿分為15分。共分五等：14分，11分，8分，5分及2分。14分-切題，表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性較好。 基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別拼寫小錯。11分-切題，表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，但有少量語言錯誤。8分-基本切題，有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫；語言錯誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。5分-基本切題，表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重錯誤。2分-條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。0分-白卷，文不對題，或只有幾個孤立的詞而無法表達(dá)思想。 3. 四級寫作范文評析（2005年12月）Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists14 pointsUniversity campuses, especially those of the renowned universities, have recently become the new tourist attractions. Pros and cons have been put forward concerning this new phenomenon. Some people are quite in favor of the campus opening to tourists while others are opposed to it. The opening of campus will stimulate the tourist industry, but the easier access to campus will lead to some accidents or safety problems which will interfere in students life. In my opinion, campuses can be open to tourists once a week, say, on Saturday or Sunday. This suggestion, I believe, is quite feasible because it could kill tow birds with one stone. For one thing, campuses could attract many tourists on weekends, thus boosting the tourism. For another, restricted opening of campus will beneficially narrow the gap between campuses and the outside world. Furthermore, this will also attract more public attention and build a great reputation for the university. 11 pointsNowadays, university campuses are becoming more and more attractive for tourists all around the world. Among those universities, many have a long history. People would love to travel around in the campus, enjoying the historic landscape there.As a result, whether the university campus should be open to tourists calls for our attention. Some people think that it should. “Because universities are the property of everyone, and its good for us to walk around and enjoy the atmosphere of learning,” they may say. However, others hold an opposite opinion. They feel that university students may be disturbed and too many travelers somehow lead to disorder. In my opinion, tourists may come into the university campus on condition that the number of them is controlled. Its true that university is our own fortune, and at the same time we should think more for the students who need peace for study.8 pointsAt present, more and more university campus are being open to tourists. Paying a visit to the university is becoming a new kind of traveling. Meanwhile, it has attracted peoples attention. Of course, different person has different idea to it whether the university campus should be open to the society. Some people think that the university is a place for students to study, not a place for tourists to visit, the other people agree that the university is a place to be worth visiting. Whats more, they can feel that thick and adamic atmosphere.In my personal opinion, the university campus shouldnt be open to tourists. Just as a saying goes, the university is where the students make a deep study. If the campus be open to tourists, students may be absence of mind in study. So, in my mind, the university campus had better not be open to the society.5 pointsThere are more and more famous university campus becoming interest places that people eager about to visit. With this situation, the problem that whether the university campus should be open to tourists comes to us. There are two opposite opinions. Some people think it is necessary that the campus is a good place to teach children. The others think they should not be open to tourists, because the visitors may be impact the phenomenon of the study. In my opinion, the university campus should be open to the visitors who are not only for play, to visit. They should be open to children, because the children will be impacted by the universitys life. The campus should not be open to everyone to reduce the influence of the universities study.2 pointsIn recently, the university campus have been becoming to the new view place which more person are interested in. the famous university in the world take millions of trevalers every year and make a lot valou.People have a lot of opinions for this. Some of them dont alow it and some others opinions are opposite. In my opinion, I agree with the second view for some reasons. First, It is a economic time in the world. The university should follow the step of the sociation. Second, it can develop universitys applicantace of education. Third, it get more chances to the people who work or study in the university. They could get a lot of new thing from the trevalers. At last, student can tough sociation earliy. It can help they adapt to sociation.Above all is mine. 三四級作文命題規(guī)律及題型分析1. 歷年寫作命題分析我們把歷年的四級考試真題匯總?cè)缦?，建議大家仔細(xì)分析，把握其命題的特點和方向，然后有針對性地進(jìn)行四級寫作的復(fù)習(xí)。2008年6月Recreational Activities 2007年12月What electives to choose2007年6月Welcome to Our Club2006年12月The CCTV Spring Festival Gala Evening Party2006年6月Students Selecting Their Lectures新、An Announcement for a Voluntary Program舊2005年12月Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?2005年6月Teachers Day2005年1月A Campaign Speech2004年6月An Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction2004年1月A Letter in reply to a Friend2003年6月An EyeWitness Account of a Traffic Accident2003年1月It Pays to Be Honest2002年6月Student Use of Computers2002年1月A Letter to the University President2001年6月A Letter to a Schoolmate2001年1月How to Succeed in a Job Interview?2000年6月Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?2000年1月How I Finance My College Education?1999年6月Reading Selectively or Extensively?1999年1月Dont Hesitate to Say “No”1998年6月Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?1998年1月Harmfulness of Fake commodities1997年6月Getting to Know the World Outside world1997年1月Practice Makes Perfect1996年6月Global Shortage of Fresh Water1996年1月The Two-Day Weekend1995年6月a Job Interview1995年1月Can Money Buy Happiness?1994年6月My Ideal Job1994年1月The World is Getting Smaller and Smaller1993年6月My Favorite TV Program1993年1月Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports1992年6月How I Overcome My Difficulties in Learning English1992年1月Is Failure a Bad Thing?1991年6月Changes in Peoples Diet1991年1月BicyclesAn Important Meansb inseparable part of of Transportation in China1990年6月Make Our Cities1990年1月What Would Happen if There Were No Water1989年1月The Tape Recorder1988年6月An Early Morning1987年9月Women in the Modern World 利弊分析類議論文利弊分析類議論文一般要求就一件事物的正反、利弊、積極和消極兩方面進(jìn)行分析，然后下結(jié)論，提出自己的觀點，或?qū)懗鰪膶嵺`經(jīng)驗中得到的體會。Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports (1992.1) 和The two-day weekend(1996.1)就屬于這種類型的作文。寫這類作文時，一般第一、二段分別陳述這件事物的優(yōu)缺點、正反面、利弊，用分析、列舉、和舉例的方法闡述優(yōu)缺點主要表現(xiàn)在那些方面。第三段提出自己的觀點或體會。要注意的是，在闡述優(yōu)、缺點的段落之間，要使用一些表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞匯或句子， 如 “however”, “on the other hand”, “in contrast” 等等，使文章看起來自然流暢。請看下面兩例：例一Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the title Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports. You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese)1. 體育運動的好處2. 體育運動可能帶來的副作用3. 我參加體育活動的好處 You must write your composition in no less than 100 words on the Composition Sheet and remember to write it in readable handwriting. Positive and Negative Aspects of SportsSports do us good in many aspects. It goes without saying that taking exercises can build up our physical strength. In collective sports like basketball, volleyball, or football, we will learn the importance of cooperation. While taking part in sports games, we will try our best to win and arouse in ourselves the competitive spirit. Sports can also help us relax after a period of exhausted work.As the saying goes, “there are two sides to everything.” We may hurt other players or ourselves if we are not careful enough when participating in sports activities. On the other hand, excessive or severe training can do harm to our health.Generally speaking, I love sports. I feel that sports make me healthy both physically and psychologically. I have also made many friends and gained much pleasure through taking part in sports activities.文章第一段用列舉法論述了體育鍛煉的四點好處：鍛煉身體、培養(yǎng)合作精神、激發(fā)競爭意識、放松自己。第二段用“任何事物都有正反兩面”一轉(zhuǎn)，論述了體育鍛煉的副作用：受傷、過度運動有害健康。最后，作者說明體育鍛煉給自己帶來的兩點好處：身心健康、結(jié)識朋友。文章照應(yīng)提綱，突出主題。結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，脈絡(luò)清晰，論述充分。例二Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the title The Two-day Weekend. You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese)1. 雙休日給大學(xué)生帶來的好處。2雙休日可能給大學(xué)生帶來的問題。3我應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣度過雙休日。 The Two-day WeekendThe two-day weekend has brought a lot of benefits to college students. It not only offers us more time to get rid of tiredness and have a good rest, but also gives us more chances to take up some hobbies, such as fishing, reading, or gardening. From these activities we can learn many things outside the classroom, which will add to our knowledge.Despite the convenience it brings us, the two-day weekend has also given rise to quite a few problems. The most serious one is that the weekdays are filled with more lessons, sometimes too many. Because our classes are limited to Monday through Friday, we have to take more lessons each day than in the past. This leaves us little time to catch our breath during the weekdays.In order to benefit most from the two-day weekend, I have decided to make a good plan for the two-day weekend. Of course I should take this chance to relax. But during the weekend, I will still set aside enough time to study. By doing so, I can have a good time as well as make progress in my studies.文章第一段列舉了雙休日帶來的好處：更多的時間交友、休息、更多機會從事自己的興趣愛好，從而學(xué)到課內(nèi)學(xué)不到的知識。第二段論述了雙休日使大學(xué)生周一到周五學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)過重這一問題。最后，作者談了自己怎樣度過周末：學(xué)習(xí)娛樂兩不誤。全文思路清晰，文筆流暢，過渡自然。度過周末從以上范文可以歸納出利弊分析類作文的兩種常用模式：模式1：benefits us in many aspects. First of all, . Also, . Most importantly, ., on the other hand, has its disadvantages/negative points/problems. For one thing, . For another, . Finally, . The key point is how to make good use of its positive aspects and avoid its negative points. In my mind, .模式2：Nowadays plays an important part/role in Like everything else has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally the advantage can be listed as follows. First Besides Most important of all But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with To make matters worse/worst of all Through above analysis I believe that the advantages/positive aspects outweigh the disadvantage/negative ones. Therefore 利弊分析類作文常用句型包括：1) .has brought a number of/a lot of benefits to us/ people.2) The benefits of can be perceived in many aspects.3) We get a lot of benefits from4) has many advantages/ positive points.5) Just as a coin has two sides, has some had /negative/side effects.6) However, has also brought about/given rise to/led to/resulted in/caused a lot of problems.7) To my mind, the advantages far outweigh the drawbacks/ disadvantages/shortcomings.8) In my opinion does more good than harm for We must take a correct attitude towards We should take full advantage of it and avoid its disadvantage.9) In my opinion, nothing is wrong withitself. The problem is what to do with it. If it is in proper use, it may bring us pleasure/happiness.10) There is a good side and a bad side to everything and it goes without saying that 各抒己見類論說文各抒己見類作文對兩種不同的觀點或看法進(jìn)行分析，最后得出自己的看法或結(jié)論。這種類型的作文在四級考試中曾多次出現(xiàn)。 如Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?（2000.6），Reading Selectively or Extensively?（1999.6） 和Can Money Buy Happiness?（1995.1）都屬于此類作文。寫這類作文時，可以用列舉或舉例的方法來逐一分析不同觀點表現(xiàn)在哪些方面；也可用因果法展開段落，闡述造成這兩種觀點的原因。在第三段提出自己的觀點, 或贊成其中的一種觀點，或?qū)煞N觀點融合成一種新的觀點，并解釋自己所持觀點的理由。和寫比較類作文一樣，寫各抒己見類作文時，也需要使用一些表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的手段。另外，在闡述別人的觀點時，可使用“To illustrate, they say” 或 “They take it for granted”一類的句式來表明以下闡述的是別人的觀點.下面兩例分別是歷屆真題作文。例一Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the title Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese)1. 很多人認(rèn)為有必要舉行英語口語考試，理由是2. 也有人持不同意見 3. 我的看法和打算Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary?A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Some people contend that it is absolutely