初中英語時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)全.ppt

初中語法專題 一 時(shí)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 概念 經(jīng)常 反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況 時(shí)間狀語 always usually often sometimes everyweek day year month onceaweek onSundays etc 基本結(jié)構(gòu) be動(dòng)詞 行為動(dòng)詞否定形式 am is are not 此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞 則在其前加don t 如主語為第三人稱單數(shù) 則用doesn t 同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞 一般疑問句 把be動(dòng)詞放于句首 用助動(dòng)詞do提問 如主語為第三人稱單數(shù) 則用does 同時(shí) 還原行為動(dòng)詞 什么情況下用 表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 表示主語通常的能力 興趣愛好 和性格特征 表示客觀的事實(shí)或真理 表示按照時(shí)刻表或已經(jīng)計(jì)劃安排好的將來行為 只限于是go come leave arrive begin start takeoff stop be等表示開始或移動(dòng)意義的詞 在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中 主句用一般將來時(shí) will 動(dòng)詞原形 從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來 主將從現(xiàn) 當(dāng)主語是第三人稱時(shí) 謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式 加 s es 除此之外都用動(dòng)詞原形 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則 1 He be am is are ateacheratNo 2MiddleSchool 2 He have has classesintheafternoon 3 He get gets upathalfpastsixeverymorning 4 Healways come comes toschoolontime 5 He study studies veryhardathislesson 6 Oneandtwo be is are three 7 Blueandyellow make makes green 8 Theearth move moves roundthesun 9 IwillgothereifI be willbe am is are freetomorrow 10 IwillgotherewhenI have willhave has timetomorrow 11 Hewon tcometothepartyunlesshe be willbe am is are invited 12 I llwaithereuntilmymother come comes willcome back 13 Pleasereturnthebooktothelibraryassoonasyou finish finishes willfinish readingit 14 Onceyou see sees willsee him youwillneverforgethim 一般過去時(shí) 概念 過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 過去習(xí)慣性 經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作 行為 時(shí)間狀語 ago yesterday thedaybeforeyesterday lastweek year night month in1989 justnow attheageof5 oneday longlongago onceuponatime etc 基本結(jié)構(gòu) be動(dòng)詞 行為動(dòng)詞否定形式 was were not 在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn t 同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞 一般疑問句 was或were放于句首 用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問 同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞 1 He be was were been hereamomentago 2 They be was were been herejustnow 3 Thescientists leave leaves leaved left forAmericayesterday 4 Lastweekwe visit visited theScienceMuseum 5 WhenIwasachild Ioften play played football 6 Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroomassoonasthebell ring rang rung 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 作謂語的動(dòng)詞用來表示動(dòng)作 情況 發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式稱為時(shí)態(tài) 1 概念 表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為 2 時(shí)間狀語 Now atthistime days look listen等時(shí)間狀語做標(biāo)志 3 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語 be doing 其他4 否定形式 主語 be not doing 其他5 一般疑問句 把be動(dòng)詞放于句首 6 用法 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示1 現(xiàn)在 說話的瞬間 正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 強(qiáng)調(diào) 此時(shí)此刻 E g Heisreading Theyaretalkingnow 2 當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 E g Theyareworkingthesedays 3 某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表預(yù)定的計(jì)劃或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 E gIamcoming 現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有1 一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上 ing E g jump2 以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞 先去e 再加 ing E ghavewrite3 以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞 它前面是單個(gè)元音字母時(shí)要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫 再加上 ing E g sitput其句式變換都在be上做文章 1 I write amwriting iswriting arewriting aletternow 2 Look it begin isbeginning ambeginning arebeginning torain 3 They study isstudying amstudying arestudying medicineattheMedicalInstituteofChengdethesedays 4 He teach amteaching isteaching areteaching anEnglishlessonatthistime 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1 概念 表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作 2 時(shí)間狀語 atthistimeyesterday atthattime或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等 3 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語 was were doing 其他4 否定形式 主語 was were not doing 其他5 一般疑問句 把was或were放于句首 第一個(gè)字母大寫 其句式變化仍然要在be上做文章 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語連用 如lastnight atthattime atnoonyesterday lastSunday等 也有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語 要通過上下文的暗示來確定用過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1 I cook cooked wascooking werecooking breakfastwhenyouarrived 2 What you do did was doing were doing atthistimeyesterdayevening 3 We have arehaving had werehaving dinnerwhenthedoorbellrang 4 While When Aswe have had arehaving werehaving dinner thedoorbellrang 一般將來時(shí) 構(gòu)成 will shall 動(dòng)詞原形 其中shall只用于第一人稱 begoingto 動(dòng)詞原形 表示主觀打算 按計(jì)劃 安排要發(fā)生的事情 beto 動(dòng)詞原形 表示客觀安排 beaboutto 不定式 意為馬上要做某事 正要做某事 某些動(dòng)詞 可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來 如come go arrive leave 在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中 主句用一般將來時(shí) will 動(dòng)詞原形 從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示按時(shí)間表發(fā)生的將來的動(dòng)作 限start begin arrive end close leave 等表示開始或移動(dòng)意義的詞 時(shí)間狀語 Tomorrow nextday week month year soon inafewminutes by thedayaftertomorrow etc 否定形式 主語 am is arenotgoingtodo 主語 will shallnotdo 其他一般疑問句 be放于句首 will shall提到句首 e g Shewillbebackinthreedays Shewillnotbebackinthreedays WillShebebackinthreedays Theyaregoingtocleantheirclassroom Theyarenotgoingtocleantheirclassroom Aretheygoingtocleantheirclassroom 1 you adoctorwhenyougrowup AWill goingtobeBAre goingtobeCAre DWill be2Idon tknowifhisuncle Ithinkhe ifitdoesn train Awillcome comesBwillcome willcomeCcomes comesDcomes willcome3Hewillbeback afewminutes AwithBforConDin4Whattime wemeetatthegatetomorrow AwillBshallCdoDare5Hewillhaveaholidayassoonashe theworknextweek AfinishesBdoesn tfinishCwillfinishDwon tfinish 6There someshowersthisafternoon AwillbeBwillhaveCisgoingtobeDaregoingtohave7It mybrother sbirthdaytomorrow She aparty Aisgoingtobe willhaveBwillbe ishavingCwillbe isgoingtohaveDwillhave isgoingtobe8LiMingis10yearsoldnow nextyearhe 11 AisBisgoingtobeCwillbeDwilltobe 過去將來時(shí) 構(gòu)成 would 動(dòng)詞原形 或?qū)頃r(shí)的其它過去構(gòu)成形式wasgoingtodo 表示以過去某一時(shí)間為參照 在過去看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 在賓語從句及間接引語中 時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 經(jīng)常會(huì)用到過去將來時(shí) 如Ithoughtitwasgoingtobefun 時(shí)間狀語 soon thenextday that clause 名詞性從句或上下文中 1 ItoldmyfriendthatI should wouldarrive shall willarrive soon 2 Theylookedatthosecloudsoverthesky It isgoingtorain wasgoingtorain 3 Theysaidthatthey aretomeet weretomeet atthegatethenextday 4 We areabouttogo wereabouttogo outwhenitstartedtorain 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1 概念 表示發(fā)生在過去 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 可能剛剛結(jié)束也有可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 甚至延續(xù)到將來 并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響或結(jié)果 常與since 過去時(shí) 間 for 一段時(shí)間連用 表示與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去的動(dòng)作 2 時(shí)間狀語 yet already just never ever sofar bynow since 時(shí)間點(diǎn) for 時(shí)間段 recently lately inthepastfewyears etc 3 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語 have has p p 過去分詞 其他 4 否定形式 主語 have has not p p 過去分詞 其他5 一般疑問句 have has 主語 p p 過去分詞 其他 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在時(shí)間上沒有延續(xù)性 常見的有come go arrive leave begin start buy join die buy find stop become open borrow lend appear close fall finish sell lose kill等 這些動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用 但是 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù) 可與for since等時(shí)間狀語連用 有些同學(xué)錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為這類非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用于完成時(shí)態(tài)中 其實(shí) 錯(cuò)誤的本質(zhì)在于非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的錯(cuò)誤搭配 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)無關(guān) 延續(xù)性語境中的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的使用在具體的語言環(huán)境中 往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段相連用的情況 由于受漢語影響 往往錯(cuò)誤地直譯為 Hehasfallenasleepforanhour 他睡了一小時(shí)了 Hisfatherhasdiedforthreeyears 他父親去世三年了 當(dāng)出現(xiàn)這種情況時(shí) 我們往往采取以下解決方法 1 將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞 所謂狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞就是指這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生后接下來所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài) 如 Hehasbeenasleepforanhour fallasleep 入睡 為短暫動(dòng)作 但beasleep 睡著 則為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞 可延續(xù) Hisfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears die為短暫動(dòng)詞 死 后的狀態(tài)可用 bedead 這種系表結(jié)構(gòu)來描述 可延續(xù) 常見的這種動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化有以下幾類 gothere bethere comeback beback borrow keep buy catch have arrive bein begin beon open beopen close beclosed die bedead leave beawayfrom getup beup fallasleep beasleep become be join bein amemberof receive have catch getacold haveacold getmarried bemarried come bein finish beover leaver beaway have has been和have has gone的區(qū)別havebeentoaplace意思是 到過 去過 表示曾到過某處 但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒 havegonetoaplace表示 去了 已經(jīng)去了某地 現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已經(jīng)到那兒了 Youhave atallyoungman AgrownBgrownintoCgrownusDgrownup2 Hehas thewatchforayear AbuyBboughtChaveDhad3 Hasyourbrother thedog AkeptinBfedCfedonDkepton4 I thisbookfortwoweeks Ihavetoreturnitnow AborrowedBhaveborrowedCkeptDhavekept5 Haveyouever totheGreatWall It sverybeautiful AgoneBbeenCwentDgo6 Herbrother thePartysince1978 AjoinedBhasjoinedChasbeeninDwasin7 TheGreens manyplacesofinterestsincetheycametoChina AwillvisitBvisitedChavevisitedDvisit 8I msorry I yourname AhadforgottenBforgotChaveforgottenDforgotten9Thebookshop foreightyears AhasbeenopenBhasbeenopenedChasopenedDhasopen10Wehave allthepapersoweneedtobuysome AusedupBmadeofCfilledwithDhuntedfor11TheflowerI grownup AplantedhasBplantedhaveChasplantedDhaveplanted 巧解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)題 技巧1 尋找現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的 段時(shí)間 1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 多和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用 for 一段時(shí)間 since 點(diǎn)時(shí)間 since作連詞后接從句時(shí) 該從句要用一般過去時(shí) 2 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)也用在含有during in overthelastyears或inrecentyears等的句子中 趁熱打鐵 1 TheOrientalPearlTVTower tensofthousandsofvisitorssince1995 attractedB attractsC hasattractedD willattract2 Howlong you here Forabouttwoyearssofar have studiedB did liveC do stayD were swimming3 Howisyourfather I himforalongtime Heisfine butbusy don tseeB hadn tseenC didn tseeD haven tseen4 Meimeihasreceivedseverallettersfromherhometownsinceshe tothecity A cameB comesC hascomeD willcome 技巧2 尋找現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的副詞標(biāo)志或句型 1 在做時(shí)態(tài)題時(shí) 注意觀察句中是否有常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的副詞 yet already never lately recently ever just before ever since等 2 句型 Ithasbeen 段時(shí)間 since 過去時(shí) 也可以表示為 Itis 段時(shí)間 since 過去時(shí) 趁熱打鐵 Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend I yet haven tdecidedB won tdecideC havedecidedD didn tdecide2 Mymother thewindowsalready sotheroomlooksmuchbrighter hascleanedB hadcleanedC iscleaningD willclean3 It tenyearssincewelast inBeijing was metB hasbeen metC was meetD is meet4 Howlonghastheweatherbeenlikethis UntillastnightB EversincelastnightC TwodaysagoD Twodayslater 技巧3 把握havebeento與havegoneto的區(qū)別 havebeento曾經(jīng)去過某處 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那個(gè)地方 強(qiáng)調(diào)以前的經(jīng)歷 havegoneto去了某處 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語已經(jīng)離開說話者所在的地方 現(xiàn)在還沒有回來 趁熱打鐵 1 IsthatJackspeaking Sorry heisn tinrightnow He thecinemawithhisaunt hasbeentoB hasgonetoC havebeentoD havegoneto2 Hello mayIspeaktoyourfather please Sorry myfather toShanghai Hewenttherethismorning A goesB hasgoneC hasbeenD go3 Howmanytimes you toBeijingthisyear Threetimes have beenB had beenC have goneD hadgone 技巧4 分清延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)的動(dòng)詞 如 have keep study live teach等 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作瞬間完成的動(dòng)詞 如 begin buy borrow lend等 做題時(shí) 要注意句中是否有段時(shí)間 如果有則用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 趁熱打鐵 1 Oh Mrs King yourdresslooksnice Isitnew No I itsincetwoyearsago hadB boughtC havehadD havebought2 Tom theCDplayerfortwoweeks haslentB hasborrowedC hasboughtD hashad3 Howlonghastheforeigner here Hehas hereforseveralhours arrived comeB come gotC stayed beenD left beenaway4 Thefilm forhalfanhour hasbegu