英語考研寫作技巧總結(doc 9頁).doc

寫作A節(jié)（約100words 答題紙上10行左右 15分鐘左右）五種題型：Letter（近來都考書信其他了解一下結構和寫法就好現(xiàn)場發(fā)揮） Notice Summary Memo Report一 Letter1 格式：稱呼（寫給機構用Dear Sir or Madam，或者To Whom It May Concern， 寫給個人就用Dear XXX） 正文（一般分三段 首段：自我介紹+寫作目的 第二段：改寫提綱+原因或情況 尾段：表示感謝+期待回信） 落款（Yours sincerely, LiMing）2 分類的經(jīng)典句型：(最后三種個人認為考的可能性比較小隨便看看吧)（1）道歉信 a. Please accept my sincere apology for b. I must beg your forgiveness for c. You have every right to be annoyed / irritated with d. I regret that my carelessness has caused you so much inconvenience. e. I would like to express my apologies for not being able to a. The fact is that b. My behavior yesterday was inexcusable, and I must tell how a. I hope this situation can be amended to everyones satisfaction. b. I will as soon as (2) 求職信 a. Im writing to apply for the post of b. In answer to your advertisement in for the post of , I would like to apply for c. Ive learned from of your opening / vacancy for, and am therefore writing to apply for the post. a. Over the last X years, I b. Enclosed is testimonial from my university teacher. c. If these meet your requirement, please grant me an interview.(3) 辭職信 a. With regret, I submit this letter of resignation. b. I never imagined that I would have to leave , but due to , I have to make the decision to c. I have decided to further my education in pursuit of d. Ive decided to change the course of my current career goals and will pursue a new direction in a. I would like to express my sincere gratitude and thanks for all the support I have received over the last X years, and for the enjoyable experience of having worked your company. b. I hope you will consider my request, and I apologize again for any inconveniences I might have caused. c. May I take this opportunity to wish all of you the very best for the future. d. If I may be of any assistance in the hiring process or training of my replacement, I would gladly make myself available to this effort during the next four weeks.(4) 工作接受信 a. It is with great pleasure that I accept your offer to join as b. Im pleased to take your offer at the salary of annually c. As we agreed ,my starting date will be d. Thank you again, Mr. / Ms. X, for offering me this wonderful opportunity, and do let me know if I can do anything in advance, or if there are any aspects youd like me to prepare for.(5) 感謝信 a. I appreciate your taking the time to do b. I appreciate the time and effort you expended on c. Id like to convey my deepest admiration to you for a. As a direct result of your efforts, I have been able to that will prove invaluable to b. could not exist / happen without the generous and heartfelt support from you. c. Im most appreciative of everything you did for me. d. I would not have managed it without your help. e. You were there to meet my needs in sensitive and considerate ways. a. I hope I can return the favor someday. b. Do call me if I can ever return the favor.(6) 詢問信 a. Would you please spend a few minutes answering some questions about ? b. As we particularly interested in , we should be grateful if you would kindly a. I appreciate your taking the time to answer these questions. b. I would appreciate receiving your answer by (時間)(7) 投訴信 a. It is with great reluctance that I must inform you that b. I must complain that a. Im disappointed because the product / service b. This has put us into great inconvenience. c. Therefore, I am returning and would greatly appreciate it if you could replace it. a. I would be grateful if this matter would have your immediate attention. b. With admiration for your excellent reputation, Im sure you will do everything possible to c. I look forward to your reply and a resolution to my problem, and will wait until before seeking help from a consumer protection agency.(8) 祝賀信 a. Im so pleased / delighted / glad / thrilled to hear the splendid news that b. Please accept my heartiest congratulations on a. I really think you deserve the position after years of experience you have had in a. May you enjoy many more successes like this one. b. May your future be as successful as you have always been. (9) 慰問信 a. It was with great dismay that I learned of b. May I express my sympathy for you in the loss of a. I hardly like to intrude upon you in your great sorrow, but I cannot resist telling you how much that b. Were looking forward to your early return to (10) 申請信 a. Im a student in , expecting to graduate with a Bachelors degree this summer. b. Im writing in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to further my study in a. Enclosed please find a copy of records of all subjects I have completed at the university. Attached you will also find three letters of recommendation by three of my supervisors. b. Your favorable consideration of this matter will be greatly appreciated.(11) 推薦信 a. In reply to Xs request for a letter of recommendation, I have great pleasure to write this letter in his favor. b. In response to your request for information about , I would be happy to a. I first became acquainted with X in , when b. She is always punctual and willing to take on new assignments. c. Her ability to interact with customers and resolve the complaints in a pleasant manner gave us a significant advantage. a. We are reluctant to let him go, but we recognize that this position would be an excellent professional opportunity for him. b. I gave her my highest recommendations, without conservation. c. Please call me if you have further questions. d. Im sure you will find him honest, intelligent, hardworking in the best sense of the words, as I found him here.二 Notice1標題（必須寫標題！一般為短語 e.g. Contributions Wanted Announcement）2日期（一般需要注明！標題下一行右對齊 January 15, 2011）3正文（一般寫三段采用現(xiàn)在進行時or 將來時）4署名（個人or單位 后者的署名中實詞首字母大寫）P.S.經(jīng)典開頭句型： Your attention, please. It has been decided that is request to note that Under the auspices of , a report / lecture / seminar on will be given by on in Under the auspices of , will organize / hold a match / competition / contest between and 三 Summary1標題（必須寫標題！大小寫規(guī)則：a.實詞首字母大寫，虛詞小寫 b.首尾兩詞首字母均需大寫）2時態(tài)（第三人稱表達一般現(xiàn)在時&現(xiàn)在完成時&一般過去時結合使用）3句型（不分段！先寫啥后寫啥要有邏輯順序盡量用短句慎用長句）4重視短段落（中文原文中出現(xiàn)的一至二句短段落，應引起高度重視，可能是總結、過渡、轉(zhuǎn)折，一般需要翻譯一般無需通讀全文，只需讀懂每段前兩句和尾句即可）四 Memo1 寫作格式：Date： To：（All Faculty） From：(LiMing) Subject：（Faculty Meeting）2 寫作特點：下面空一行開始寫正文；不寫稱呼、正文結尾、結束語、簽名。五 Report1寫作格式：To: From: Date: Subject: 正文（類似memo）2寫作內(nèi)容：提出問題、解釋&分析、結論&建議3采取信函形式寫作B節(jié)（約160-200words答題紙上20行左右45分鐘左右可適當多留點時間構思作文閱讀快點做）通常寫成三段：一、圖畫或圖表描述段（3句其中可適當議論一句） 二、意義闡釋段（5句分析圖畫的意義or原因or表現(xiàn)） 三、建議措施段（4句發(fā)表自己的議論或看法）下面分別分析：一、Introduction1 General description總體描述（人物/動物/事物+動作+環(huán)境）句型E.g. 被動 As is vividly revealed / illustrated / reflected /depicted in the cartoon / drawing / picture / photo, It is vividly described in the picture that 主動 The cartoon / drawing / picture / photo vividly reveals /illustrates / reflects / depicts 2 Details挖掘細節(jié)句型E.g. In one picture, On the contrary, In the first drawing, By contrast,3 Caption文字說明句型E.g. The caption reads,”二、Body1Topic sentence（一句文章中心symbolic meaning） 句型E.g. The symbolic meaning / implication is to show us that (意義) The purpose of the drawing is to show us that (目的) The picture illustrates / conveys the meaning that The drawing has subtly revealed / reflected a problem that (現(xiàn)象) The fact that indicates that 2Argument（三句論證原因or解釋or例證） 從五大角度考慮：Background(政、經(jīng)、文、社 With , ) Facts（There is no denying the fact that ） Other opinions(欲揚先抑)What the picture conveys goes far beyond Instead, it carries meanings To begin with, the purpose of is to show us that , yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously Reasons Consequences 3Summary（小結Briefly speaking,）三、Conclusion總結提出建議展望未來好詞好句積累Give an impetus to = play a pushing role = driving forcesShaping factorsFew would dispute that A faithful / loyal customer Call on the public to do A thought-provoking phenomenon/problemStrengthen the regulations and lawsPromote moral educationSpiritual nourishment makes up a growing percentage of s populationHappiness is more than pleasure without pain.Whats more worrisome is that.A prevailing trend Co-existence and integrationThe things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.Though itself gives little cause for criticism, should do in a proper way.Capture the hearts and mindsCurb the current evil phenomenon= reverse this disturbing is the best policy 為上策 trendAppeal to the authorities to; Cultivate the awareness of the people thatMoral = ethical道德的話題資源問題 Almost incomprehensively, the man is He dose not seem to realize what a valuable he will lose when This picture may provoke deep thoughts on environmental issues. A healthy environment has been essential to humankind for social and economical development, but humans seem to have forgotten this basic rule. Wrong utilization of the earth and natural resources will even result in a threat to our existence. We human beings must rethink our relations with nature and come up with effective ways to preserve the environment.全球變暖 The glaciers in the polar region are rapidly melting owing to global warming. Global warming leads to the rise of sea levels, so the coastal areas will be affected severely. increases the possibilities and intensity of extreme weather such as hurricanes and snowstorms. Taking into account the devastating effects of global warming, we can draw the conclusion that Facing the growing menace of global warming, we should in a large scale to turn the present situation around.Excessive amount of carbon dioxide emissions, creating a diversified economy and La Nina phenomena lag disorder.千里之行始于足下 The beginning seems to be hard and painstaking, but it is an indispensible step. No matter what we are going to do, we start with our action. Though planning and dreaming is important, action is essential for our success. The most accomplished people in the world have always made perseverant efforts before they succeed, as Madam Curie and Edison did as scientists, and Beethoven and Bach did as musicians.有關環(huán)境的詞匯Wildlife speciesThe extinction of wildlifePopulation explosionThe destruction of ecological balanceDesertificationDeforestationPromote/advocate low-carbon living.inhabitable areasextinct=vanishglaciers meltingcoastal citiesthe impact of carbon dioxide閱讀A?。ㄓ脮r1小時每篇15分鐘自己適當調(diào)整這部分最多可延長10分鐘）一解題四步驟（如遇難題可以采用看一題、讀一段、做一題的方式）1掃描題干，劃出關鍵詞2通讀全文（重點：首段、其余各段的段首段尾、轉(zhuǎn)折句 思考：中心是啥？核心概念是啥？作者態(tài)度是啥？）3仔細審題，返回原文（兩大定位原則：關鍵詞定位&自然段定位）4重疊選項，得出答案二宏觀閱讀法1靈活使用三種不同的閱讀方法：A. skimming略讀（可跳讀的信息有：例子、引用、數(shù)據(jù)、實驗過程、冒號后的補充說明部分）B. scanning快速掃描 C. Close reading細讀2首先看清文章有幾個自然段？每段之間是并列還是轉(zhuǎn)折關系？3把握五種結構： A總分總：把握首末段呼應就等于確定中心 B開門見山型：第一段直接亮出中心 C花開兩朵型：把握兩個核心概念的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系 D問題答案型：一般來說問題是中心，閱讀的目的是尋找答案 E拋磚引玉型：第一段是引子，第二段亮出中心三微觀閱讀法（標點符號的作用）1.兩個逗號之間是補充說明成分時，可以先不讀。 2.分號表并列：語義上并列or結構上并列。3.冒號后面進一步補充說明前面的信息，冒號的前后有一個從抽象到具體的過程。4.兩個破折號之間是補充說明的成分，可以先不讀。 5.引號：引用or反諷、諷刺 6.括號：補充說明or解釋生詞四具體題型1.例證題（抓出論點） 標志：題干中出現(xiàn)example/illustrate這些詞時 返回原位找到該例證所在位置，80%向上20%向下搜索周圍區(qū)域，尋找例證支持的觀點（例子周圍概括性抽象表達） 與四選項比較，得出選項中與該論點最一致的答案（錯誤答案設置經(jīng)常是：就事論事混淆論點論據(jù)） 注意：舉例的目的是支持論點，例子讀不懂沒關系2.主旨題（串線、摘帽） 標志：The best title/ mainly about/ mainly discuss 串線法：抓首段和其余各段首句，把它們的意思連結成一個整體，注意總結性提示詞和轉(zhuǎn)折詞 錯誤答案設置特征經(jīng)常是：局部信息（選項內(nèi)容文章內(nèi)容） 主旨最常出現(xiàn)的位置：A段落中特別是首段中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時 B作者有意識反復重復的觀點 C首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時一般就是中心 D提出中心時的文字提示有：轉(zhuǎn)折、總結、最重要的3.態(tài)度題（感情色彩+論述主線） 一般來說作者整體態(tài)度的答案是 客觀、樂觀、積極向上的選項，而biased、puzzling、indifferent、detached通常不是 一般來說，含有過分強烈的或絕對化的表達通常不選，而持保留態(tài)度的比較客觀的選項通常是正確答案。 要注意看清是作者的態(tài)度，而非作者引用別人的態(tài)度！4.判斷題（選項聚焦） 解題的關鍵是把四個選項聚焦到文中一兩個點中做題時先掃描四個選項，尋找選項中相同的詞或容易定位的詞5.詞匯題（搜索代入） 原則：A不論該詞多超綱，根據(jù)上下文都能得出其含義 B不論該詞多熟悉，都必須通過上下文得其特定含義 答案經(jīng)常蘊藏在原文該詞出現(xiàn)的附近，搜索時應注意：同位語、特殊標點、定語從句、前后綴6.推理題（意相近，形相遠）注意：不能想太多，推太遠 標志：infer、suggest、imply、learn看可否通過題干或選項返回原文某一兩個點進行推理 先不要進行推理，若有選項和原文意思完全相同，則該選項必然正確。 正確答案有以下兩種類型：原文復述型（決不是照抄） 文中未直接提出但意思由推想可以得出且含義緊貼原文上網(wǎng)查關于環(huán)境方面的詞匯！Protect the environment and conserve energy are every ones responsibility.The earth is the only home for our human beings. we all have a responsibility to take care it, not only for us, but for our offspring. Since the beginning of the industrial age, we people speed up the pace to ask for more resources and energy from the earth. Just like the fossil fuels, we almost exploit them up just in about 200 years in contrast their formation is about millions of years.Fortunately, more and more people recognize the importance of protecting the earth. Measures have been taken by many governments and laws hve been made to save our home from destroying.In order to Protect Enviroment and Conserve Energy, we people can do many things. For example, we can use clean energy, such as solar power、wind power、nuclear energy、hydroelectric power to substitute traditional energyAfter so much effort made by us, I hope that the earth,our home will be better and better.Save the Energy Resources Another round of energy crisis is knocking at the door. In 2004, world oil consumption reached a new record, causing oil price in the international market to skyrocket amazingly. As for China, it was reported that many traditional mineral cities in northeastern China had run into predicament, with their