_How_do_you_get_to_school知識精講加習題.doc

Unit3 How do you get to school?【本講教育信息】一. 教學內(nèi)容： Unit 4 How do you get to school? 二. 教學目標： 1. 學會談論交通工具和距離。 2. 學會合理安排行程，并合理利用交通工具。 3. 學習設計實踐調(diào)查報告中的問題，并提出解決問題的簡單方案。三. 重點詞匯及短語：11牛津教育 subwayn. 地鐵， 地下火車 train n. 火車 minuten. 分鐘 kilometern. 公里，千米 quick adj. 快的，迅速的 halfn. 一半，二分之一 pastprep. 在時間上超過，在.之后，經(jīng)過 stopn. 車站 transportationn. 運送，運輸 north n. 北部，北方 adj. 北部的，北方的 dependv. 依靠，依賴 mustaux.v. 必須，一定要 bicycle n. 自行車 illadj. 生病的，不健康得 worryv. 擔心，擔憂，焦慮 grow up長大，成長 take sb. some time to do sth. 花費某人某些時間去做某事 in common 共有，相同 leave for 離開去某地 travel abroad 去國外旅游 go down to延續(xù)至；走下去 most of大多數(shù)的 some of 一些 take the subway乘坐地鐵 how far 多遠 bus station 汽車站 bus ride乘汽車之行 school bus校車 come back 回來 take the train乘坐火車 take the bus乘坐公共汽車 get to school到校 by boat乘坐小船 walk to school步行去上學 from .to.從.到. half past six 六點半 depend on 依靠，依賴 be different from 和.不同 have to不得不四. 重點句型： 1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike. How does he get to school? He takes the bus. 2. How long does it take? It takes about forty minutes. 3. Lin Feis home is about 10 kilometers from school. 4. Most students take trains to school, although others also walk or ride their bikes. 5. It depends on where you are. 6. Dont worry. 五. 語法： 1. 對于“how”提問，詢問交通方式，及描述不同的交通方式。 2. 對于“how long”提問詢問時間長短，及用固定句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth”回答或陳述。 3. 對于“how far”提問，詢問距離長短，及相應回答。 4. 了解表讓步的連詞“although”意思及用法。 5. 閱讀理解中對出現(xiàn)的定語從句及賓語從句的理解。 6. 閱讀理解中理解形容詞的比較級的含義。六. 重點、難點講解： 1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike. / I walk to school. （1）“how”提問，意為“如何”、“怎樣”。此處詢問交通方式。表示不同交通方式可用本課出現(xiàn)一系列動詞短語，如：ride a bike, take a bus, drive a car, fly to, take the subway, take a train, take a plane, take a boat / ship, walk to 等。也可用介詞短語，如：by bus / bike / car / train / plane （air）/ ship, on foot 等，注：此用法在介詞短語前需用動詞作句子主語，如go / come / get to 等，且by后表交通工具的名詞前無任何限定詞，如冠詞the , a/ an 或代詞my / his / this / that 等。 例： He takes the bus to school. = He goes / gets to school by bus. We decided to go there on feet. = We decided to walk there. How will you go to England? By air, or maybe by train. Im not quite sure. （2）與“how”有關的提問總結(jié)如下： How far （詢問距離）多遠；How long（問時間或長度）多久，多長；How many（問數(shù)量，后跟可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式）多少；How much （問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量，也可問價格）多少；How often（問頻率）多久一次；How soon（指將來時間，時間長短）多久；How about ? （問同上話題，另一情景如何、怎樣后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞，等于What about ? ）征求對方意見怎樣？How do you like? = What do you think of ? （征求對方對某事物的看法）你認為怎樣？ 此外“how”可以引導感嘆句，如：How delicious Chinese dishes are! How nice your new scarf is! How fast he runs! 注：引導感嘆句時語序為：How + adj. / adv. +主語+謂語！ （3）get to 表“到達”，同意短語“arrive in / at ”, reach. 注：在副詞home, here, there前不使用介詞to / in / at 等。 到家：get （back）home, 到那兒：get there 2. It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus. （1）固定句型：It took / takes / will take sb. some time to do sth. 表“做某事花去某人多長時間”，動詞take隨時態(tài)變化，it為形式主語，真正主語是句中不定式部分。“take”指“花費（時間）?！?例：It took the builders about 15 years go finish that big project. It takes me half an hour to get to my office from home every day. Doing homework takes us most of our spare time on schooldays. （2）take指“帶走”時與“bring”（帶來）互為反義詞。 take sb. to 帶某人去某處 例：The early bus takes him to school. （3）短語：take a walk / shower / seat / rest take ones temperature, take medicine 3. Lin Feis home is about 10 kilometers from school. be +距離（away）from“距離多遠”。 4. He has a quick breakfast, then he leaves for school. （1）“have”作“吃（飯）”、“喝（飲料）”意思。 have breakfast /lunch /supper 注：三餐飯前無限定詞。 （2）leave for +目的地，指“離開去往某處” The scientists will leave for Antarctic （南極）next Wednesday. 5. The bus ride takes about 25 minutes. “ride”此處的名詞，意為“車程”。ride用作動詞短語：ride a bike / horse騎自行車（騎馬），ride in a bus / ship乘公共汽車（船） 6. In other parts of the world, things are different. other: 后常限可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，意為“其他的，其余的” other: （形容詞）“其它的”，后跟可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) others: （代詞）泛指“他人（物）” the others: （一定范圍中）“其他人（物）”，相當于代詞 the other: 用于固定短語“one , the other”“（兩者中）一個另一個” another: （形容詞）“另一個”“另一”，后跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，也可能跟復數(shù)，（代詞）“另一個” 7. “雖然”，“盡管”，表讓步連詞，常引導讓步狀語從句。注，不可與but在一句話中前后同時使用。 Although / Though he is the youngest, he is the most hard-working student in his class. 8. depend on / upon “依靠，依賴”，后跟名詞、代詞或賓語從句，不定式。 例：In China, it depends on where you are. It depends on how to think about it. 對于提問，不能一概回答時，可以用“It depends”來回答，意為“得因情況而論”。例： Do you like reading books or reading on the Internet? It depends. Sometimes I like reading books, sometimes I prefer reading on the Internet. 9. In places where there are rivers and lakes, like Hongshanhu and Kaishandao, students usually go to school by beat. （1）此句中“where”引導一個定語從句，修飾表地點的名詞“places”。通常“who”引導修飾人的定語從句，that或which引導指物的定語從句，whose指人物關系。 例：She is the girl who played guitar at the party. He showed us an English story book which is bought in the United States. Kate is talking with her art teacher whose painting is on show in the city hall. （2）“l(fā)ike”此處為介詞，意為“例如，像”。注意區(qū)分like在文中的詞性。sound like / be like / look, like 短語中“l(fā)ike”為介詞。 10. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus! （1）“than”表比較連詞，意為“比”“較之于”，前需用形容詞或副詞比較級。 （2）主語“that”指代前文整句話。 11. Dont worry. （1）祈使句否定形式為：Dont + 動詞原形。 （2）worry為動詞，worried為形容詞，worry也可用作名詞，“煩惱、擔憂”。 例：Dont be late / careless next time. Dont be nervous. Take it easy. 12. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花費某人某些時間去做某事例如：It took the people a lot of time to get to the mountain.人們花了很多時間才到了那座大山。It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.每天早晨我步行到學校要花費二十分鐘。It will take three hours to finish the work.完成那項工作需要花費三個小時。 13. 動詞take還有其他詞義；例如：1) 得到；獲得 You have to take it as you find it.對這個你只得將就些算了。2) 拿；握??；抓住The mother took her child by the hand.母親拉著孩子的手。3) 取走，拿走Take this shopping home.把這件買的東西拿回家。The foods here are all free - take any you like.這里的食品都是免費的,你們隨便吃吧。Who has taken my chocolate?誰拿了我的巧克力？4) 乘，坐，搭（車、船）Shall we go by bus or take a cab?我們是乘公共汽車去還是乘出租汽車去?to take a bus to work乘公共汽車上班5) 吃；喝；服用；吸入Take your medicine.把藥服下。6) 進行；作；為to take a walk 散步If you dont take / get more exercise youll get fat.你如果不多鍛煉就會發(fā)胖。The state government has decided to take a 50% cut of oil profits.州政府決定抽取石油利潤的百分之五十。We must take a long hard look at their suggestion.他們的建議我們要好好研究一番。to take a look around在附近看看7) 測出，量出Take your temperature.量一量你的體溫。8) 減掉，去掉If you take 4 from 10, you have 6.十減去四剩六。9) 懂得；了解Do you take me?你懂我的意思嗎？10) 攻讀，修（課）Did you take history at school?你在學校上過歷史課嗎？11) 吸引；著迷He is really taken by the little dog.他對小狗著了迷。12) 持續(xù)，花費（時間）Just a minute, it wont take me long to change.等一下,我很快就可以換好衣服。This new pain-killer doesnt take long to act on the pain?這種新止痛藥不需要很長時間就能發(fā)揮止痛作用。13) 照像，拍照This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.這次他設法爬進了基特羅火山口,以便能拍到照片,測量溫度。I had my picture taken this morning.今天早晨我照了像。 14. depend v. 依靠，依賴1) depend（常與on, upon連用）視情況而定That depends.視情形而定。It all depends on how you tackle the problem.那要看你如何應付這問題而定。2)（常與on 連用）信任，信賴；需要I havent a car, I have to depend on the buses.我沒有汽車，只能靠公共汽車。Children must depend on their parents.孩子們必須依賴他們的父母You can depend on his honesty.你可以相信他的誠實depend on依靠；由.而定, 取決于；從屬于；依賴其維持depend upon依靠；由.而定, 取決于；從屬于；依賴其維持15.交通方式的詢問： How do you get to school ? 回答:on footby bike by car by bus by trainby plan/ airby boat by subway on a bus in a caron my bikeI walk I ride a bikeI drive a /my carI take a / the bus I take a/ the train I take a/ the plan I take a /the boatI take a/ the subway to school.I get / go to school注意點：并不是所有都用take, 也并不是所有都用by,注意四個方面 步行特殊的： walk = go .on foot , By car , by bike = drive a / my car , ride a / my bike By +交通工具無冠詞， 但 ride a bike/ drive a car/ take a bus 等必須有冠詞a/ the. 除了介詞by +交通工具外，還可以用on/ in +交通工具，on a bus, in a car , on my bike .16. 對于路程多久的提問： How long does it take ? 回答：It takes me 30 minutes.(重點句型) 重/難點辨析：花費 take , spend, pay ,cost It takes sb time/ money to do sth. （有時態(tài)變化,過去式took,）Sb. spend time/ money on sth/ in doing sth. Sb. pay money for sth 物 cost sb. time/ money. 17. 對于路程有多遠的提問：How far is it from his home to school? 回答： Its about 10 kilometers (away )from his home to school. 重點、難點辨析： be far from, away from, from .to . far from, 離遠 My school is far from my home. 具體路程+away from, My school is 10 kilometers away from my home. from。to, 從。到。Its 10 kilometers (away) from my school to my home. A +be +路程距離from +B, My school（A） is 10 kilometers from my home（B）. 18. 賓語從句: 疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序 （引導詞+主語+謂語）（重、難點）Thomas wants to know where Nina lives. Thomas wants to know how long it takes to get to school .Thomas wants to know how far from school she lives.18.其它重要語言點 到達： get to = arrive in/ at = reach +地點， 但是遇到here/ there/ home時無介詞 hundred ， 注意： 幾百幾百 不用加s , 如， seven hundred; 303名學生: three hundred and three students ride 的不同詞性： ride 作動詞，騎（自行車、馬等）； 作名詞， 旅行，旅程（不可數(shù)） First, he rides his bicycle to the bus station. The bus ride usually takes about 25minutes. 一天三餐前一辦不加冠詞，但是若有形容詞，那是指具體的某一頓飯或具體的飲食，可用冠詞。 take sb/ sth to +地點， 把某人、某物送到。 think of = think about, 認為以為 what do you think of / about the trip? = How do you like the trip? mean作名詞, means,方法，方式，手段，單復數(shù)同形，means of transportation,交通方式 North China ,華北； North America, 北美洲；the north of China ,中國北方，the north of America , 美國北部 a number of / the number of must 情態(tài)動詞，“一定”表示肯定的猜測，反義：cant “不可能”；否定：mustnt ,一定不能，表示禁止，決不允許 a lot / much / a little 修飾比較級 depend on , 取決于，決定于 although = though , 不能與but 連用 worry about/ be worried about 辨析：how long 多久，多長時間；how far 多遠距離【模擬試題】（答題時間：60分鐘）一. 詞組翻譯。 1. 騎車去上學_2. 坐地鐵去上班_ 3. 步行去公園_4. 乘公共汽車回家_ 5. 吃一頓快捷的早餐_6. 出發(fā)前往學校_ 7. 在北美_8. 依靠，依賴_二. 單項選擇。（ ）1. How are they going to the countryside tomorrow, _ bike or _ foot? A. by, byB. on, on C. by, onD. on, by （ ）2. It _ about two hours to get to the top of the mountain from the foot of the mountain. A. takeB. takes C. getD. gets（ ）3. How _ is it _ your school to the Childrens Palace? A. long, toB. for, to C. long, fromD. far, from （ ）4. _ do you think of my new hair style? Its very nice. A. WhatB. How C. What aboutD. How about（ ）5. I have two pen pals. One is from Canada and goes to school by school bus and _ is from Britain and gets to school by car. A. otherB. another C. the otherD. others（ ）6. Are you going camping this weekend with your family? That all _. A. dependB. depend on C. dependsD. depends on （ ）7. _ I didnt like maths at first, I still tried my best to learn it. A. UntilB. When C. IfD. Although（ ）8. Too much _ made her look like an old lady. A. worryB. worried C. worriesD. be worried （ ）9. What time did you _ there last night? At about eight. A. get to B. got to C. getD. getting （ ）10. _ is it from New York to San Francisco? A. How farB. How long C. How oftenD. How soon （ ）11. The little girl sometimes goes home _ her fathers car. A. byB. in C. atD. for（ ）12. Im sorry. I _ my textbook at home. It doesnt matter. Remember _ it to school tomorrow. A. forget, to takeB. forget, to bring C. left, to takeD. left, to bring （ ）13. Excuse me, where is the nearest post office? Take No. 5 bus and _ at the third bus stop. A. get onB. get off C. get upD. get to （ ）14. The new amusement park is about five kilometers _. A. farB. far away C. away fromD. away （ ）15. Im sad _ tell you the sad news. A. forB. about C. withD. to三. 完成句子，一空一詞。 1. 我們班大多數(shù)學生乘校車上學。 In our class _ _ the students go to school _ school bus. 2. 他們都騎車回家嗎？不，一些人騎車回家。 _they all _ bikes to go home? No, _of them go home _bike. 3. 你覺得北京的交通怎樣？ _do you _ _ the transportation in Beijing? 4. 在世界上的其它地方，人們騎自行車鍛煉。 _other _ of the world, people go bicycling to exercise. 5. 每天寫作業(yè)大約花去我兩個多小時。 _ _ me about two hours _ do the homework. 四. 完形填空： Its the last week of the holidays. Bill wants to take a trip. His uncle 1 at the seashore. Bill wants to visit him. “It will be my 2 chance（機會）to go swimming in the ocean （海洋）this year, ”Bill says to his 3 . “Next month it will be too cold. ” “I dont know, Bill. ”His mother says. “Its a long 4 . ”She looks at her husband. “What do you 5 , Harry? ” “Oh, let him go, Alice, ”Mr White says. “He is fifteen years old. Hes not a 6 , you know. ” “I know hes not a baby, ”says Mrs White. “But there are 7 many connections （倒車）to make. He has to take a bus and a train and then another bus. ” “ 8 , Mother, ”says Bill. “Ive made the trip with you and Dad a lot of times. I know the 9 . I wont have any trouble （麻煩）. ” “Let him go, Alice, ”says Mr White again. “ 10 will be a good experience （體驗）for him. He wont get lost（迷路）. ” 1. A. livesB. standsC. holdsD. stops 2. A. goodB. lastC. firstD. late 3. A. friendsB. parentsC. teachersD. classmates 4. A. timeB. callC. lineD. way 5. A. planB. sayC. thinkD. do 6. A. childB. manC. babyD. boy 7. A. tooB. aC. veryD. just 8. A. PleaseB. SorryC. Hurry upD. Wait 9. A. stationsB. wayC. busD. weather 10. A. ItB. HeC. YouD. They五. 閱讀理解：（A） Traffic is a big problem in many cities around the world. Traffic is especially bad during rush hourthe time when people go to work or school and the time when they go home. Many people take buses, subways, or trains to work, but many other people drive their cars. As a result, the streets are very busy, and traffic is very bad. Many cities are trying to solve their traffic problems. Some cities are building more roads. Other cities are expanding their bus and subway systems. Many cities are trying to reduce the number of cars on their roads. Some highways have carpool lanesspecial lanes for cars with two, three, or more people. In some cities, people drive their cars only on certain days of the week. For example, in Athens, people with license plate numbers ending in 0 through 4 drive on some days, and people with numbers ending in 5 through 9 drive on other days. Every day around the world, more and more people drive to and from work in more and more cars. As a result, traffic is a global problem. 根據(jù)內(nèi)容，回答問題。 Please write down the solutions（解決方法）of traffic problems according to the passage. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ （1）_ （2）_（B） Everybody in Portland is talking about the citys new shopping mall. The mall is outside the city, next to the Portland airport. There are more than one hundred stores in the mall. There are two big department stores. There are many clothing stores for men, women, and children. There are a bookstore, and a video store. There are two drugstores, and four restaurants. Theres even a large movie theater. Almost all the people in Portland are happy that their citys new shopping mall is open. But some people arent happy. The owners of the small stores in the old center of town are very upset. Theyre upset because many people arent shopping in the stores in the center of town. Theyre shopping at the new mall. Notes1. mall大型商場 2. department store百貨商店3. drugstore雜貨店 4. owner擁有者5. upset不安的 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 1. The new shopping mall is _. A. at the airportB. in the city C. in the centre of townD. outside the city 2. In the mall, there are _. A. two video storesB. two drugstores C. two restaurantsD. two bookstores 3. In the mall, there are _. A. bookstores and games rooms B. restaurants and drugstores C. clothing stores and video stores D. large movie theaters and bookstores 4. The store owners in the center of town are upset because _. A. people arent shopping in their stores B. people arent shopping at the mall C. their stores are very old D. their stores ar