年美賽C題翻譯.doc

年美賽C題翻譯 One of the techniques to determine influence of academic research is to build and measure properties of citation or co-author networks. 學術研究的技術來確定影響之一是構建和引文或合著網絡的度量屬性。Co-authoring a manuscript usually connotes a strong influential connection between researchers. 與人合寫一手稿通常意味著一個強大的影響力的研究人員之間的聯(lián)系。One of the most famous academic co-authors was the 20th-century mathematician Paul Erd?s who had over 500 co-authors and published over 1400 technical research papers.最著名的學術合作者是20世紀的數(shù)學家保羅鄂爾多斯曾超過500的合作者和超過1400個技術研究論文發(fā)表。It is ironic, or perhaps not, that Erd?s is also one of the influencers in building the foundation for the emerging interdisciplinary science of networks,particularly, through his publication with Alfred Rnyi of the paper “On Random Graphs” in 1959.諷刺的是,或者不是,鄂爾多斯也是影響者在構建網絡的新興交叉學科的基礎科學,特別是通過與阿爾弗雷德Renyi的出版論文的“隨機”在1959年。Erd?ss role as a collaborator was so significant in the field of mathematics that mathematicians often measure their closeness to Erd?s through analysis of Erd?ss amazingly large and robust co-author network (see the website /enp/ ).鄂爾多斯作為合作者的角色非常重要領域的數(shù)學,數(shù)學家通常衡量他們親近鄂爾多斯通過分析鄂爾多斯的令人驚訝的是大型和健壯的合著網絡網站(見/enp/)。The unusual and fascinating story of Paul Erd?s as a gifted mathematician, talented problem solver,and master collaborator is provided in many books and on-line websites (e.g., http:/www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Erdos.html). 保羅的與眾不同、引人入勝的故事鄂爾多斯作為一個天才的數(shù)學家,優(yōu)秀的問題解決者,主合作者提供了許多書籍和在線網站(如。,http:/www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Erdos.html)。Perhaps his itinerant lifestyle, frequently staying with or residing with his collaborators, and giving much of his money to students as prizes for solving problems, enabled his co-authorships to flourish and helped build his astounding network of influence in several areas of mathematics.也許他流動的生活方式,經常保持與他的合作者或居住,并給他的錢來解決問題學生獎,使他co-authorships蓬勃發(fā)展并幫助構建了驚人的網絡在幾個數(shù)學領域的影響力。In order to measure such influence as Erd?s produced, there are network-based evaluation tools that use co-author and citation data to determine impact factor of researchers, publications, and journals. 為了測量鄂爾多斯等影響生產的,有基于網絡的評價工具,使用作者和引文數(shù)據(jù)來確 定影響因素的研究,出版物和期刊。Some of these are Science Citation Index, Hfactor,Impact factor, Eigenfactor, etc.其中一些科學引文索引,Hfactor,影響因素,特征因子等。Google Scholar is also a good data tool to use for network influence or impact data collection and analysis. 谷歌學術搜索也是一個好的數(shù)據(jù)工具用于網絡數(shù)據(jù)收集和分析影響或影響。Your teams goal for ICM2014 is to analyze influence and impact in research networks and other areas of society. ICM2014你的團隊的目標是分析研究網絡和其他地區(qū)的影響力和影響的社會。Your tasks to do this include:你這樣做的任務包括:1) Build the co-author network of the Erdos1 authors (you can use the file from thewebsite /users/grossman/enp/Erdos1.html or the one weinclude at Erdos1.htm ). 構建Erdos1 的合作網絡You should build a co-author network of the approximately 510 researchers from the file Erdos1, who coauthored a paper with Erd?s, but do not include Erd?s. 你該用文件Erdos1構建大概510位研究員的合著網絡This will take some skilled data extraction and modeling efforts to obtain the correct set of nodes (the Erd?s coauthors) and their links (connections with one another as coauthors). 這需要熟練數(shù)據(jù)提取 并 在建模上下功夫， 以便得到正確的節(jié)點和邊There are over 18,000 lines of raw data in Erdos1 file, but many of them will not be used since they are links to people outside the Erdos1 network. 文件Erdos1里有1800條原始數(shù)據(jù)，但很多可能由于不包闊在 Erdos1的網絡中而用不上If necessary, you can limit the size of your network to analyze in order to calibrate your influence measurement algorithm. 必要的話，縮小網絡以便矯正你的影響力度量算法Once built, analyze the properties of this network. 建完后分析網絡性能(Again, do not include Erd?s - he is the most influential and would be connected to all nodes in the network. In this case, its co-authorship with him that builds the network, but he is not part of the network or the analysis.)2) Develop influence measure(s) to determine who in this Erdos1 network hassignificant influence within the network.開發(fā) 影響途徑 以決定誰在網絡中重要 Consider who has published important works or connects important researchers within Erdos1.考慮誰發(fā)表了重要文獻或者聯(lián)合了重要的研究員 Again, assume Erd?s is not there to play these roles.3) Another type of influence measure might be to compare the significance of a research paper by analyzing the important works that follow from its publication.另一種類型的測量影響可能比較的意義研究論文通過分析重要的作品,從其出版。Choose some set of foundational papers in the emerging field of network science either from the attached list (NetSciFounda tion.pdf) or papers you discover.選擇一些新興領域的基礎性文件網絡科學從附表(NetSciFoundation.pdf)或論文你發(fā)現(xiàn)。Use these papers to analyze and develop a model to determine their relative influence. 使用這些文件來分析和開發(fā)一個模型來確定它們的相對影響力。Build the influence (coauthor or citation) networks and calculate appropriate measures for your analysis.構建的影響(合著者或引用)網絡和計算分析適當措施。Which of the papers in your set do you consider is the most influential in network science and why?論文在你設定你認為是最具影響力的網絡科學,為什么?Is there a similar way to determine the role or influence measure of an individual network researcher? 有類似的方式來確定個體的作用或影響測量網絡研究員?Consider how you would measure the role, influence, or impact of a specific university, department, or a journal in network science?考慮如何測量作用、影響或影響特定大學的部門,或在網絡科學雜志嗎?Discuss methodology to develop such measures and the data that would need to be collected.討論開發(fā)這些措施和方法需要收集的數(shù)據(jù)。4) Implement your algorithm on a completely different set of network influence data - for instance, influential songwriters, music bands, performers, movie actors, directors, movies, TV shows, columnists, journalists, newspapers, magazines, novelists, novels, bloggers, tweeters, or any data set you care to analyze.一套完全不同的網絡上實現(xiàn)算法影響的數(shù)據(jù)例如,影響力的作曲家,音樂樂隊,表演者,電影演員、導演、電影、電視節(jié)目、專欄作家、記者、報紙、雜志、小說,小說,博客,推特,或者任何你愿意分析的數(shù)據(jù)集。You may wish to restrict the network to a specific genre or geographic location or predetermined size.您可能希望限制網絡特定類型或地理位置或預定的大小。5) Finally, discuss the science, understanding and utility of modeling influence and impact within networks.最后,討論科學、理解和建模的影響和影響在網絡的效用。Could individuals, organizations, nations, and society use influence methodology to improve relationships, conduct business, and make wise decisions? 可以個人、組織、國家和社會使用影響方法改善人際關系,做生意,和做出明智的決定嗎?For instance, at the individual level, describe how you could use your measures and algorithms to choose who to try to co-author with in order to boost your mathematical influence as rapidly as possible.例如,在個體層面,描述如何使用你的措施和算法選擇誰試圖與合著者為了盡快提高你的數(shù)學的影響。Or how can you use your models and results to help decide on a graduate school or thesis advisor to select for your future academic work?或你如何使用你的 模型和結果來幫助決定畢業(yè)學?；驅煹倪x擇為你的未來學術工作嗎?6)Write a report explaining your modeling methodology, your network-based influence and impact measures, and your progress and results for the previous five tasks.寫報告解釋你的建模方法、基于網絡的影響和影響的措施,和你之前的五項任務的進程和結果。The report must not exceed 20 pages (not including your summary sheet) and should present solid analysis of your network data; strengths, weaknesses, and sensitivity of your methodology; and the power of modeling these phenomena using network science.報告不得超過20頁(不包括你的匯總表),應提供確鑿的網絡數(shù)據(jù)的分析,優(yōu)勢,劣勢,和靈敏度的方法,建模這些現(xiàn)象使用網絡科學的力量。*Your submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet and your solution cannot exceed 20 pages for a maximum of 21 pages.*您的提交應該由一個1頁匯總表 您的解決方案不能超過20頁最長21頁。This is a listing of possible papers that could be included in a foundational set of influential publications in network science.這是一個可能的論文清單,可以包含在一組基本的有影響力的網絡科學出版物。Network science is a new, emerging, diverse, interdisciplinary field so there is no large, concentrated set of journals that are easy to use to find network papers even though several new journals were recently established and new academic programs in network science are beginning to be offered in universities throughout the world.網絡科學是一個新的、新興、多樣化、跨學科領域所以沒有大型、集中組易于使用找到的期刊網絡報紙,盡管一些新的期刊最近網絡科學的建立和新的學術項目正開始在世界各地被提供在大學。You can use some of these papers or others of your own choice for your teams set to analyze and compare for influence or impact in network science for task #3.您可以使用其中的一些文件或其他你的選擇你的團隊的設置來分析和比較影響或影響在網絡科學任務# 3。Erd?s, P. and Rnyi, A., On Random Graphs, Publicationes Mathematicae, 6: 290-297,1959.Albert, R. and Barabsi, A-L. Statistical mechanics of complex networks. Reviews ofModern Physics, 74:47-97, 2002.Bonacich, P.F., Power and Centrality: A family of measures, Am J. Sociology. 92: 1170-1182, 1987.Barabsi, A-L, and Albert, R. Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science, 286:509-512, 1999.Borgatti, S. Identifying sets of key players in a network. Computational andMathematical Organization Theory, 12: 21-34, 2006.Borgatti, S. and Everett, M. Models of core/periphery structures. Social Networks, 21:375-395, October 2000Graham, R. On properties of a well-known graph, or, What is your Ramseynumber? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 328:166-17 2, June 1979.Kleinberg, J. Navigation in a small world. Nature, 406: 845, 2000.Newman, M. Scientific collaboration networks: II. Shortest paths, weightednetworks, and centrality. Physical Review E, 64:016132, 2001.Newman, M. The structure of scientific collaboration networks. Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA, 98: 404-409, January 2001.Newman, M. 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