八年級下冊人教版最新第八單元知識點及課后練習(xí).docx

八年級下冊人教版最新第八單元知識點及課后練習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時講解 現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動詞表示）常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點或過去時的句子）連用.for+時間段 Mary has been illsince+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從以來）I have lived here since 1998. since+時間段+ago I have lived here since six years ago.since+從句（過去時） I have lived here since I was born.It is+時段+since+從句（過去時）Its since I lived here.瞬間動詞（buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ）不能直接與for since 連用。要改變動詞buy-have; borrow -keep; come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out ; leave -be away ; begin-be on ; finish-be over ; open-be open ; close -be closed ; die-be dead1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be形容詞” 表示一種狀態(tài)，表延續(xù)性1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、bemissing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be副詞” 表示一種狀態(tài)，表延續(xù)性，代終止性動詞1“beon”代start,begin 2“beup”代get up3“beback(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be介詞短語”代終止性動詞1.“be in/at +地點”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地點”代替move toUNIT9 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別Have/Has gone(to) :去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去過（已不在去過的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.（2）現(xiàn)在完成時講解2一基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has+過去分詞(done)二基本句型：否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + havent/hasnt.(否定)五現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義:* 以already, just和yet為標(biāo)志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的幫助。 He has just seen the film. 他剛剛看過這場電影。 He hasnt come back yet. 他還沒有回來。*以ever和never為標(biāo)志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他從沒有到過北京。 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。 * 以so far（到目前為止）為標(biāo)+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far. 到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the examso far. 到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。3三用法現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)Guo zijun (含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)My father to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒)注意：現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能與when連用 2.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)(一)A)選用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news. 2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改寫下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答)_Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特） . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?4. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、 . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、 . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studyingThese farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、 Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish、5C) 單項選擇6.- -Where have you _, Kate? -Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years.A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. when B. since C. before D. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reached 現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)（二）一、 單項選擇。1、 6、 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew8、 . will see . have seen . saw .see9、 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .6. were . have been . have become . have made13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, gotC. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle_for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句）2、對劃線部分提問)_ they been here?3、The old man _ last year. Hefor a year. (die) （動詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個句子合并成一個句子) _三、 漢譯英。1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父親以前到過長城。4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、 她去過上海。6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？參考答案：一、單項選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚攸c在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“for +時間段或since +過去時間點”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故6應(yīng)選C。7、C8、現(xiàn)在完成時還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故8應(yīng)選B。9、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆，就是因為它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，說話的側(cè)重點在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動作，它不與表示過去的時間狀語（如yesterday , last week , a mo