巧記英語諺語.doc

巧記英語諺語備戰(zhàn)2008高考 -淺談英語諺語在高考中的運用 諺語是洋溢著文化氣息的哲理性語言，是智慧的結(jié)晶。歷年的高考英語試題中的諺語的出現(xiàn)頻率越來越高，它通常與情景對話題、交際用語題、完形填空題、閱讀理解等題型結(jié)合，用來提供情景或點明觀點主旨。在寫作中，如果考生能夠運用幾句諺語表達，會更提升作文層次，使自己的作文在眾多高考作文中讓閱卷老師眼前一亮。 一、 情景交際中的諺語知識 英語諺語文字精練、表達生動、情景性強，因此常用在情景交際題中作為試題背景。如2007年高考英語再次出現(xiàn)了考查諺語知識的試題： （2007年江蘇卷26）You may not have played very well today, but at least youve got through to the next round and _. A. tomorrow never comes B. tomorrow is another day C. never put off till tomorrow D. there is no tomorrow 正確答案為B 。 A. 明日復明日，明日何其多；我生待明日，萬事成蹉跎。（因為永遠有明天，也就永遠會宕延） B. 明天又是新的一天。（有明天就有希望） C. 今日事，今日做。（今日事，今日畢） D. 切莫依賴明天。 全句意思是： 你今天或許表現(xiàn)欠佳，但至少可以參加下一輪的比賽，有明天就有希望。 將諺語溶入考題中是開放探究和激發(fā)創(chuàng)新新思維類試題的一個亮點，反映了英語試題鮮活、開放、新穎的特點，也為2008年的高考備考提供了依據(jù)和方向。 二、閱讀理解中的諺語知識 諺語包含了樸素的哲理和深刻的寓意，用在閱讀理解題中常用來推斷、總結(jié)、做結(jié)論?？荚囆枰高^文字的表層信息進行推理、分析、理解文章的真正內(nèi)涵，找準文章意義與諺語寓意的切入點。請看下面兩篇閱讀理解： A You hear the same complaint all the time: “My memory is terrible.” Is it all in the mind, or do real changes take place in the brain with the passing of time? The answer is that the brains cells decline and die with age. However, according to Professor Arthur Shimamura of the University of California, people vary greatly in how they change mentally with age, as well as how much their mental ability declines. There are three main ways in which mental function changes. The first concerns speed, such as how quickly you can react to fast-moving incidents on the road. Drivers in their late teens react quickly but often drive too fast, while the over -60s are more careful but react more slowly. This type of mental slowing results from a reduction in the efficiency with which the brainss neurons (神經(jīng)細胞) work. The fact that adults find it harder to learn musical instrument than children points to a second type of mental decline, the loss of learning ability with age. The part of the brain which is known to control new learning is particularly sensitive to the effects of ageing. This means we have to depend more on diaries and other mental aids as we get older, take longer to learn a new language and are slower to master new things at work. “Working memory” is the third brain function that is sensitive to the effects of ageing. Absentmindedness occurs at all ages because of imperfections in the working memory system. For example, you may continually lose your glasses, or find yourself walking into a room of your house only to find that you cannot remember what you came for. Such absent-mindedness also occurs more often as we get older. However, evidence also shows that the principle “use it or lose it” applies to the ageing brain. Professor Shimamura studied a group of university professors who were still mentally active, and compared their performance on neuropsychological tests with that of others of their age group, as well as with younger people. He found that on several tests of memory, the mentally active professors in their 60s and early 70s performed better than those of the same age, and as well as the younger group. 1. Memory gets worse as people grow older because _. A. the brain starts to produce too many neurons B. cells in the brain stop the neurons from working C. the brains neurons dont work as well as before D. when people get old, they complain too much 2. Which of the following well-known sayings best expresses the idea of the third paragraph? A. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. B. You cant teach an old dog new tricks. C. Where theres a will, theres a way. D. Its never too old to learn. 3. We can conclude from Shimamuras test on the professors that _. A. active minds might keep their memory better B. memory can improve with the time passing on C. all of the old people will suffer memory loss D. the principle “use it or lose it” is obviously wrong 4. This passage is mainly about _. A. youth and ageing B. problems of getting old C. secrets of a good memory D. ageing and mental ability 答案：1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 第2題解析： A. 雙鳥在林不如一鳥在手。 B. 老狗學不到新把戲。（朽木不可雕。） C. 有志者事竟成。 D. 活到老，學到老。 B Life is raw material. We are artisans (n.工匠). We can sculpt our existence into beautiful or debase (vt. 降低，貶低) it into ugliness. Its in our hands. - Cathy Better. Its in Our Hands Isnt it amazing how few of us ask ourselves the important question? Several years ago, I was invited to hear an important speaker address the students body of a small college in South Carolina. The auditorium was filled with students excited about the opportunity to hear a speaker of her status (n. 地位，身份) speak. After the governor gave the introduction, the speaker moved to the microphone, looked at the audience from left to right, and began: “I was born to a mother who was deaf and couldnt speak. I dont know who my father is or was. The first job I ever had was in a cotton field.” The audience was spellbound. “Nothing has to remain the way it is if thats not the way a person want it to be. She continued “it isnt luck, and it isnt circumstances, and it isnt being born a certain way that causes a persons failure to become what it becomes.” And she softly reported, “Nothing has to remain the way it is if thats not the way a person wants it to be.” “All a person has to do,” she added in a firm voice, “to change a situation that brings unhappiness or dissatisfaction answers the question: How do I want this situation to become? then the person must commit totally to personal actions that carry them there.” Then a beautiful smile shone forth as she said, “My name is Azie Taylor Morton. I stand before you today as treasurer (n.財務主管) of the United States of America.” 5. The underlined part “the important question” most probably refers to “_”. A. Whether life is raw material B. whether we are masters of our life C. whether we often attend a good lecture D. whether we are artisans 6. The students were filled with excitement because _. A. they were certain it would be a good speech B. the governor was present C. They didnt have much chance to hear an important person speak D. they would be free to ask questions 7. The speaker described her own experience in her speech to _. A. gain sympathy from the audience B. tell the audience what a great person she was C. teach the audience something valuable D. make the audience know more about her 8. Which of the following can best tell the main idea of the passage? A. Where there is a will, there is a way. B. Experience is the best teacher. C. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. D. Still waters run deep. 答案：5. B 6. C 7. C 8. A 第8題解析： A. 有志者，事竟成。 B. 經(jīng)驗是最好的老師。（有經(jīng)歷必受益） C. 吃一塹，長一智。 D. 靜水流深。（沉默者深謀。） 在做這類題目的時候，考生首先要正確理解諺語的意思，再結(jié)合文意選出正確答案。這就要求考生平時多積累總結(jié)，比如專門準備一個諺語手冊，平時學習閱讀中遇到諺語或好的句子就把它寫下來，日積月累，語言運用能力自然就上去了。 三、書面表達中的諺語知識 將寓意深刻、富有哲理的諺語運用到英語寫作中可起到描繪生動、畫龍點睛的作用，從而提高作文的得分檔次。例如： （2007年福建卷） 假設(shè)你是林華，福建省某中學高三學生，請你根據(jù)以下學生會倡議書的內(nèi)容給某英文報社寫一封信，敘述擬開展活動的內(nèi)容并發(fā)表自己的看法。 注意：1.信的開頭語已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)； 2.可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點適當發(fā)揮，但不要逐條翻譯； 3.詞數(shù)100左右： 4.參考詞匯：增進promote;鼓勵節(jié)約encourage econonmy Dear editor, I am a student of Senior Three in a middle school in Fujian Province. Yours sincerely, Lin Hua 分析：本篇書面表達的主旨增進節(jié)約，提倡互助友愛。據(jù)此，我們能想到的諺語有： Saving is getting. （節(jié)約而后有。/ 節(jié)約就是獲得。） Waste not, want not.（不浪費，不愁缺。） 以此來點明主旨，表明自己對贈書活動的支持與贊賞態(tài)度。 One possible version: Dear editor, I am a student of Senior Tree in a middle school in Fujian Province. In order that we can make the best of learning materials, the StudentsUnion of our school is arranging an activity. We students of Senior Three are called on to give away our used books, newspapers or magazines to the students in the lower grades. The idea, which is intended to promote friendship and encourage economy, is highly praised and supported by the teachers and students alike. The activity will last about ten days, from June 10 to 20. Saving is getting. / Waste not, want not. As a student, I am strongly for the activity because it is very meaningful and helpful. I hope that this kind of activity will continue in the future. Yours sincerely, Lin Hua （2007年江蘇卷） 2007年4月29日上午10點到11點，全國億萬學生陽光體育活動在各地大中小學校同時進行，江蘇省1，100萬學生積極參與了這項活動。 教育部倡導學生： 每天鍛煉一小時 健康工作五十年 幸福生活一輩子 請你根據(jù)以上提示，用英語準備一份發(fā)言稿，向同學們講述一下陽光體育活動的有關(guān)情況，并就高三學生是否需要每天花一小時鍛煉，談談你的看法及理由。 注意： 發(fā)言稿應包括以上所有信息，要有適當發(fā)揮。 詞數(shù)：120左右。發(fā)言稿的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：陽光體育活動a national student sports program; 教育部the Ministry of Education Good afternoon, everyone, _ Thank you! 分析：可選用Health is great riches.（健康是筆大財富。）來說明健康的重要性。 One possible version: Good afternoon, everyone. On the morning of April 29, 2007, from 10:00 to 11:00, hundreds of millions of students from primary, middle schools and universities all over China joined in a national student sports program. Eleven million students in Jiangsu took an active part in this program. The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day, in the hope that they will have good health to work fifty years and enjoy the whole life. The advocation is good for our students, especially in Grade Three. The students in Grade Three should have sports for one hour every day. As long as we have a healthy body, we can achieve our goal. And we will be a strong power to construct our country. My dear friends , come on! Health is great riches. Let us build our strong and healthy body so as to spare no effort to contribute to our country. Thank you! 考題回放： 1. - It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me. - Well, you know what they say. _. (2006江蘇卷) A. There is no smoke without fire B. Practice makes perfect C. All roads lead to Rome D. No pains, no gains 2. If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as Romans do. (2006天津卷) A. in which B. what C. when D. where 3. Analyzing the law of the talion - an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth - William Ian Willer presents an original thinking over the concept of “pay ba